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Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
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ALX-270-389 Revised 11-Sep-08
Elbfluorene
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SYNONYMS 3-Acetyl-6-hydroxy-4-phenylbenzo[4,5]furo[2,3-b]pyridine
1-Aza-9-oxafluorene 5b
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY DNA Repair Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-389-M001   1 mg 75.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-389-M005   5 mg 300.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H13NO3
MW: 303.3
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to brownish powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO. Insoluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Selective inhibitor of CDK1/cyclin B (IC50=4.2µM) with some P-glycoprotein-modulating properties (inhibitory activity ratio 1.26 at 7µM). Weakly inhibits CDK5/p25 (6% inhibition at 10µM) with no effect on CDK2/cyclin E and CDK4/cyclin D1 (IC50>100µM).
Product Specific Literature References
Evaluation of the first cytostatically active 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes as novel selective CDK1 inhibitors with P-glycoprotein modulating properties: K. Brachwitz, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 46, 876 (2003) Abstract
Novel CDK inhibition profiles of structurally varied 1-aza-9-oxafluorenes: B. Voigt, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 823 (2005) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
CDK & Cyclin Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-270-418 Revised 16-Jun-08
Gallotannin
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SYNONYMS Tannic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription
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ALX-270-418-G001   1 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C76H52O46
MW: 1701.2
CAS NUMBER: 1401-55-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9052
RTECS: WW5075000
SOURCE/HOST: Occurs in the bark and fruit of many plants, notably in the bark of the oak species, in sumac and myrobalan.
PURITY: >95%
APPEARANCE: Beige to light brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, acetone or warm glycerol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Cytoprotective in oxidatively stressed cells. Inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; NOS III) and weak inhibitor of inducible (iNOS; NOS II) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; NOS I). Induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Free radical scavenger.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of constitutive endothelial NO-synthase activity by tannin and quercetin: M. Chiesi & R. Schwaller; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 495 (1995) Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase inhibitor gallotannin blocks oxidative astrocyte death: W. Ying, et al.; Neuroreport 11, 1385 (2000) Abstract
Green tea polyphenols and tannic acid act as potent inhibitors of phorbol ester-induced nitric oxide generation in rat hepatocytes independent of their antioxidant properties: R.C. Srivastava, et al.; Cancer Lett. 153, 1 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by gallotannin selectively up-regulates expression of proinflammatory genes: E. Rapizzi, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 890 (2004) Abstract
Tannic acid in plant dust causes airway obstruction: D. Taubert, et al.; Thorax 60, 789 (2005) Abstract
Prominent free radicals scavenging activity of tannic acid in lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental mice: I.H. El-Sayed, et al.; Toxicol. Ind. Health 22, 157 (2006) Abstract
The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in IMR-90 cells: C.H. Chen, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 962 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PARG / Related Products • Free Radical Scavengers • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Phenolic Acids • DNA Repair Other Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators
 
 
ALX-270-486 Revised 15-Jul-08
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)quinoxaline-5-carboxamide
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PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PARP Inhibitors
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ALX-270-486-M005   5 mg 230.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10ClN3O
MW: 283.7
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Light brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Packaged under inert gas. Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Potent quinoxaline-based PARP inhibitor with a 5-fold selectivity towards PARP-2 (IC50=7nM) over PARP-1 (IC50=33nM). Brain-permeant. Exhibits good pharmacokinetics.
Product Specific Literature References
Discovery of quinazolinone and quinoxaline derivatives as potent and selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitors: A. Iwashita, et al.; FEBS Lett. 579, 1389 (2005) Abstract
Discovery of potent and selective PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitors: SBDD analysis via a combination of X-ray structural study and homology modeling: J. Ishida, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14, 1378 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-380-068 Revised 09-Apr-08
Trichostatin A
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SYNONYMS TSA
[R-(E,E)]-7-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-7-oxo-2,4-heptadienamide]
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Antibiotics - DNA Regulation / Transcription
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ALX-380-068-M001   1 mg 115.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-068-M005   5 mg 385.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H22N2O3
MW: 302.4
CAS NUMBER: 58880-19-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9649
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Whitish film adhered to inside of vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile, methanol or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Potent, reversible inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Mediates the activation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). May be involved in cell cycle progression of several cell types. Induces cell growth arrest at both G1 and G2/M phases. May induce apoptosis in some cases. Induces acetylation of histone-3/4 and expression of p300.
Product Specific Literature References
A new antifungal antibiotic, trichostatin: N. Tsuji, et al.; J. Antibiot. 29, 1 (1976) Abstract
Potent and specific inhibition of mammalian histone deacetylase both in vivo and in vitro by trichostatin A: M. Yoshida, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17174 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Trichostatin A induces morphological changes and gelsolin expression by inhibiting histone deacetylase in human carcinoma cell lines: Y. Hoshikawa, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 214, 189 (1994) Abstract
Trichostatin A inhibits both ras-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and morphological transformation of NIH3T3 cells: M. Futamura, et al.; Oncogene 10, 1119 (1995) Abstract
Trichostatin A and trapoxin: novel chemical probes for the role of histone acetylation in chromatin structure and function: M. Yoshida, et al.; Bioessays 17, 423 (1995) Abstract
Selective inhibition of IL-2 gene expression by trichostatin A, a potent inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylase: I. Takahashi, et al.; J. Antibiot. 49, 453 (1996) Abstract
A mammalian histone deacetylase related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p: J. Taunton, et al.; Science 272, 408 (1996) Abstract
Transcriptional activation and chromatin remodeling of the HIV-1 promoter in response to histone acetylation: C. Van Lint, et al.; EMBO J. 15, 1112 (1996) Abstract
Induction of caspase-3 protease activity and apoptosis by butyrate and trichostatin A (inhibitors of histone deacetylase): dependence on protein synthesis and synergy with a mitochondrial/cytochrome c- dependent pathway:: V. Medina, et al.; Cancer Res. 57, 3697 (1997) Abstract
A histone deacetylase inhibitor potentiates retinoid receptor action in embryonal carcinoma cells: S. Minucci, et al.; PNAS 94, 11295 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Histone deacetylase inhibitor activates the WAF1/Cip1 gene promoter through the Sp1 sites: Y. Sowa, et al.; BBRC 241, 142 (1997) Abstract
Retinoblastoma protein recruits histone deacetylase to repress transcription: A. Brehm, et al.; Nature 391, 597 (1998) Abstract
Effects of cell density and trichostatin A on the expression of HDAC1 and p57Kip2 in Hep 3B cells: S.G. Gray & T.J. Ekstrom; BBRC 245, 423 (1998) Abstract
Regulation of the human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene by transcriptional coactivators cAMP response element-binding protein- binding protein and p300: K.K. Bhakat & S. Mitra; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 34197 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: inducers of differentiation or apoptosis of transformed cells: P.A. Marks, et al.; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 1210 (2000) Abstract
Trichostatin A is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo: D.M. Vigushin, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 971 (2001) Abstract
Chromatin remodeling agent trichostatin A: a key-factor in the hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived of adult bone marrow: S. Snykers, et al.; BMC Dev. Biol. 7, 24 (2007) Abstract
Trichostatin A induces myocardial differentiation of monkey ES cells: M. Hosseinkhani, et al.; BBRC 356, 386 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
HDAC Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • PKC Activators • Antibiotics for Cell Cycle Research • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Antibiotics • Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products • DNA Repair Other Products • Antibiotics - Antifungal • DNA & RNA Methyl & Alkyl Transferases / Related Products
 
 
ALX-385-010 Revised 08-Apr-08
(±)-Naringenin
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SYNONYMS (±)-4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavanones
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ALX-385-010-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H12O5
MW: 272.3
CAS NUMBER: 67604-48-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6424
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Light yellow to tan powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol; almost insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Induces apoptosis. Stimulates DNA repair following oxidative damage. Inhibits the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K).
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Naringenin inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: A. W. Harmon & Y. M. Patel; BBRC 305, 229 (2003) Abstract
The citrus flavonoid naringenin stimulates DNA repair in prostate cancer cells: K. Gao, et al.; J. Nutr. Biochem. 17, 89 (2006) Abstract
Naringenin-induced apoptosis via activation of NF-kappaB and necrosis involving the loss of ATP in human promyeloleukemia HL-60 cells: S. Kanno, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 166, 131 (2006) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of naringenin chalcone on inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages: S. Hirai, et al.; Life Sci. 81, 1272 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI(3)K] / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-400-036 Revised 31-Oct-06
Peroxynitrite . tetramethylammonium
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SYNONYMS ONOO- . C4H12N
Oxoperoxonitrate(1-) . C4H12N
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-400-036-L001   1 ml 152.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-400-036-5001   5x1 ml 475.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: NO3 . C4H12N
MW: 62.0 . 74.1
CAS NUMBER: 14042-01-4
CONCENTRATION: ~10mM
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 0.01M KOH.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 month after receipt when stored at -80°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: OXIDIZING. CORROSIVE.

Product Description
Produced from the reaction of nitrogen monoxide with tetramethylammonium superoxide according to the method of D.S. Bohle, et al. described in Meth. Enzymol. 269, 302 (1996), and dissolved in 0.01M potassium hydroxide (KOH). This formulation of peroxynitrite has a low nitrite content (~1%), no hydrogen peroxide.
Product Specific Literature References
DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite: subsequent biological effects: C. Szabo & H. Ohshima; Nitric Oxide 1, 373 (1997), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: a biologically significant oxidant: M.P. Murphy, et al.; Gen. Pharmacol. 31, 179 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: an endogenous oxidizing and nitrating agent: C. Ducrocq, et al.; Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 1068 (1999), (Review) Abstract
The chemistry of DNA damage from nitric oxide and peroxynitrite: S. Burney, et al.; Mutat. Res. 424, 37 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Reactions of *NO, *NO2 and peroxynitrite in membranes: physiological implications: S.P. Goss, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 31, 597 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: reactive, invasive and enigmatic: J.T. Groves; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 226 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The ugly, the uglier and the not so good: a personal view of recent controversies: B. Halliwell, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 31, 651 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Assessment of peroxynitrite scavengers in vitro: B. Halliwell, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 301, 333 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Chemistry of peroxynitrite and its relevance to biological systems: W.H. Koppenol; Met. Ions Biol. Syst. 36, 597 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Conformation of peroxynitrite: determination by crystallographic analysis: M. Worle, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol 12, 305 (1999) Abstract
Peroxynitrite scavenging by metalloporphyrins and thiolates: J.P. Crow; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 1487 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Interaction of peroxynitrite with selenoproteins and glutathione peroxidase mimics: H. Sies & G.E. Arteel; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 1451 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Reactions of Peroxynitrite with Phenolic and Carbonyl Compounds: Flavonoids are not Scavengers of Peroxynitrite: S. Tibi & W.H. Koppenol; Helv. Chim. Acta 83, 2412 (2000)
BCL-2 protects peroxynitrite-treated thymocytes from poly(ADP-ribose) synthase (PARS)-independent apoptotic but not from PARS-mediated necrotic cell death: L. Virag & C. Szabo; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 704 (2000) Abstract
Peroxynitrite promotes mitochondrial permeability transition-dependent rapid u937 cell necrosis: survivors proliferate with kinetics superimposable on those of untreated cells: P. Sestili, et al.; Free Radic Res. 34, 513 (2001) Abstract
Peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity: mechanism and opportunities for intervention: L. Virag, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 140-141, 113 (2003), (Review) Abstract
Preventing nitrite contamination in tetramethylammonium peroxynitrite solutions: P. Latal, et al.; Inorg. Chem. 43, 6519 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PARP Other Products • DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-400-037 Revised 10-Apr-08
Carmustine
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SYNONYMS 1,3-bis[2-Chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea
BCNU
PRODUCT LINE Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)
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ALX-400-037-M025   25 mg 52.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H9CI2N3O2
MW: 214.1
CAS NUMBER: 154-93-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1845
PURITY: ≥96% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (4mg/ml) or 50% ethanol (150mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
DNA alkylating agent causing DNA interstrand cross-linking. Inhibitor of glutathione reductase, lipoamide dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-400-038 Revised 18-Feb-08
Lomustine
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SYNONYMS CCNU
N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea
PRODUCT LINE Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)
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ALX-400-038-M050   50 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16CIN3O2
MW: 233.7
CAS NUMBER: 13010-47-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5564
PURITY: ≥97% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: Yellowish crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or acetone.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from moisture.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. IRRITANT.

Product Description
Possesses antitumor activity similar to carmustine (Prod. No. ALX-400-037).
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products
 
 
ALX-460-008 Revised 02-Jun-06
Nicotinamide
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SYNONYMS Niacinamide
3-Pyridinecarboxylic amide
Vitamin PP
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY NAD+ Metabolism / Related Products
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ALX-460-008-G010   10 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H6N2O
MW: 122.1
CAS NUMBER: 98-92-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6523
PURITY: ≥99%