ALEXIS Biochemicals: 7-Amino-actinomycin D

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ALX-350-019

Revised 16-Oct-08

(+)-Brefeldin A
SYNONYMS	BFA Ascotoxin Decumbin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-019-M005		5 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M010		10 mg	130.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M025		25 mg	270.00 USD
ALX-350-019-M050		50 mg	420.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₂₄O₄
MW:	280.4
CAS NUMBER:	20350-15-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1369
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Eupenicillium brefeldianum.
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, methanol, acetone or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Inhibitor of intracellular protein transport and protein secretion, interfering with trafficking in the trans-Golgi network, leading to the accumulation of cycling proteins in ERGIC clusters. Blocks ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) in an inactive GDP-bound conformation and thereby prevents binding of COPI coats to ERGIC and Golgi membranes. Upon brefeldin A treatment the Golgi rapidly tubulates and fuses with the ER by an energy-, temperature-, and microtubule-dependent process. In contrast, the drug has little effect on the ERGIC, which keeps its identity, although the ERGIC clusters become larger and more uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of the cells. Inhibits intracellular collagen degradation. Also inhibits apical Na⁺ channels in epithelia. Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Decumbin, a new compound from a species of Penicillium: V.L. Singleton, et al.; Nature 181, 1072 (1958)
Über die Isolierung neuer Stoffwechselprodukte aus Penicillium brefeldianum Dodge.: E. Harri, et al.; Helv. Chim. Acta 46, 1235 (1963)
Novel blockade by brefeldin A of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes: Y. Misumi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 261, 11398 (1986) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A causes disassembly of the Golgi complex and accumulation of secretory proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum: T. Fujiwara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18545 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AIF4- stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis: B.D. Price, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 152, 545 (1992) Abstract
Brefeldin A and the endocytic pathway. Possible implications for membrane traffic and sorting: W. Hunziker, et al.; FEBS Lett. 307, 93 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibits degradation as well as production and secretion of collagen in human lung fibroblasts: C.R. Ripley, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3677 (1993) Abstract
Brefeldin A is a potent inducer of apoptosis in human cancer cells independently of p53: R.G. Shao, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 227, 190 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A inhibition of apical Na+ channels in epithelia: R.S. Fisher, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 270, C138 (1996) Abstract
Brefeldin A: deciphering an enigmatic inhibitor of secretion: A. Nebenfuhr, et al.; Plant Physiol. 130, 1102 (2002), Review Abstract
NKT cells provide help for dendritic cell-dependent priming of MHC class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in vivo: D. Stober, et al.; J. Immunol. 170, 2540 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interaction of BIG2, a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein, with exocyst protein Exo70: K.F. Xu, et al.; PNAS 102, 2784 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products • Golgi Apparatus • Collagen / Related Products • Na+ Channels • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antibiotics - Antiviral / Anti-HIV • Antibiotics - Antifungal • Autophagy Other Products

ALX-350-239

Revised 22-Apr-08

Gliotoxin
SYNONYMS	[3R-(3α, 5aβ,6β,10aα)]-2,3,5a,6-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10H-3,10a-epi-dithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-239-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₃H₁₄N₂O₄S₂
MW:	326.4
CAS NUMBER:	67-99-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 4441
RTECS:	KB4725000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Gladiocladium fimbriatum.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or methanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Immunomodulating mycotoxin which acts by blocking membrane thiol groups. Causes apoptotic cell death in macrophages and thymocytes. Induces Ca²⁺ release from intact rat liver mitochondria. Inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Antioxidant.

Product Specific Literature References

Identification of an agent in cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro: A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985) Abstract
R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988)
Gliotoxin stimulates Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria: M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994) Abstract
Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995) Abstract
Gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines: P. Waring & J. Beaver; Gen. Pharmacol. 27, 1311 (1996), Review Abstract
The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB: H.L. Pahl, et al.; J.Exp. Med. 183, 1829 (1996) Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response via gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of monocytes: M. Stanzani, et al.; Blood 105, 2258 (2005) Abstract
Discovery of gliotoxin as a new small molecule targeting thioredoxin redox system: H.S. Choi, et al.; BBRC 359, 523 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Mycotoxins • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

ALX-350-241

Revised 07-Dec-07

Manumycin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-241-M001		1 mg	58.00 USD
ALX-350-241-M005		5 mg	170.00 USD
ALX-350-241-M010		10 mg	260.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₁H₃₈N₂O₇
MW:	550.7
CAS NUMBER:	52665-74-4
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces parvulus.
PURITY:	≥96% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow to brown powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
IDENTITY:	Determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of Ras farnesyltransferase. Does not affect geranylgeranyltransferase. Inhibition is competitive with respect to farnesyl pyrophosphate and non-competitive with respect to Ras. Inhibits neutral sphingomyelinase.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitors of Ras farnesyltransferases: F. Tamanoi; TIBS 18, 349 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: Ras research yields a potential cancer therapeutic: J.B. Gibbs, et al.; Cell 77, 175 (1994) Abstract
Manumycin inhibits ras signal transduction pathway and induces apoptosis in COLO320-DM human colon tumour cells: A. Di Paolo, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 82, 905 (2000) Abstract
Manumycin A and its analogues are irreversible inhibitors of neutral sphingomyelinase: C. Arenz, et al.; ChemBioChem 2, 141 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of manumycin A-induced apoptosis by methoxyamine in myeloid leukemia cells: M. She, et al.; Leukemia 19, 595 (2005) Abstract
Binding of manumycin A inhibits IkappaB kinase beta activity: M. Bernier, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 281, 2551 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Farnesylation / Isoprenylation Reagents • Ceramides / Cerebrosides / Sphingolipids / Related Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-350-245

Revised 07-Apr-08

Lactacystin (native)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-245-MC01		0.1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-350-245-MC05		0.5 mg	250.00 USD
ALX-350-245-M001		1 mg	445.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₇S
MW:	376.4
CAS NUMBER:	133343-34-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetonitrile (20mg/ml), 100% ethanol (1mg/ml), methanol, DMSO (20mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (20mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Organic stock solutions are stable for 3 months when stored at -20°C. Subject to hydrolysis in aqueous buffers. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Cell permeable and irreversible proteasome inhibitor. Specifically inhibits 26S proteasome (MCP; multicatalytic proteinase complex). Blocks proteasome activity by targeting the catalytic β-subunit. Has no effect on serine or cysteine proteases. Induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells. Also inhibits NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκB degradation. Inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in cell culture (IC₅₀=10µM). Inhibits cathepsin A. Upregulates HSP70 and HSP22, suggesting an initial neuroprotective pathway.

Product Specific Literature References

Lactacystin, a novel microbial metabolite, induces neuritogenesis of neuroblastoma cells: S. Omura, et al.; J. Antibiot. 44, 116 (1991) Abstract
A beta-lactone related to lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line and inhibits cell cycle progression in an osteosarcoma cell line: G. Fenteany, et al.; PNAS 91, 3358 (1994) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells: S. Imajo-Ohmi, et al.; BBRC 217, 1070 (1995) Abstract
The neuritogenesis inducer lactacystin arrests cell cycle at both G0/G1 and G2 phases in neuro 2a cells: M. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiotics (Tokyo) 48, 344 (1995) Abstract
Degradation process of ligand-stimulated platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor involves ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: S. Mori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29447 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Structure-activity relationships of lactacystin, the first non-protein neurotrophic factor: T. Nagamitsu, et al.; J. Antibiotics (Tokyo) 48, 747 (1995) Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of Neuro 2a cells by lactacystin and its partial inhibition by the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A and okadaic acid: H. Tanaka, et al.; BBRC 216, 291 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin: G. Fenteany, et al.; Science 268, 726 (1995) Abstract
Proteasome-dependent regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression: M.V. Blagosklonny, et al.; BBRC 227, 564 (1996) Abstract
Enhancement of CPP32-like activity in the TNF-treated U937 cells by the proteasome inhibitors: E. Fujita, et al.; BBRC 224, 74 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in endoplasmic reticulum membranes is accelerated as a result of increased susceptibility to proteolysis: T.P. McGee, et al.; J.Biol. Chem. 271, 25630 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin increases LDL receptor level on HepG2 cells: H. Miura, et al.; BBRC 227, 684 (1996) Abstract
Proteasome pathway operates for the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in intact cells: Y. Murakami, et al.; Biochem. J. 317, 77 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin, an inhibitor of the proteasome, blocks the degradation of a mutant precursor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in a pre-Golgi compartment: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 219, 800 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of a mutant secretory protein, alpha1-antitrypsin Z, in the endoplasmic reticulum requires proteasome activity: D. Qu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22791 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Accelerated degradation of PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) oncoprotein by all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: possible role of the proteasome pathway: H. Yoshida, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2945 (1996) Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin induces apoptosis and sensitizes chemo- and radioresistant human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes to TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis: J. Delic, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 77, 1103 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, proteasome function, and cell fate: G. Fenteany & S.L. Schreiber; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8545 (1998), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
Proteasome inhibitors prevent the degradation of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 and potentiate A beta 42 recovery from human cells: P. Marambaud, et al.; Mol. Med. 4, 147 (1998) Abstract
The role of proteolysis during differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from the bloodstream to the procyclic form: M.C. Mutomba & C.C. Wang; Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 93, 11 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor: discovery and its application in cell biology: H. Tomoda & S. Omura; Yakugaku Zasshi 120, 935 (2000), Review Abstract
Lactacystin inhibits cathepsin A activity in melanoma cell lines: L. Kozlowski, et al.; Tumour Biol. 22, 211 (2001) Abstract
Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin in primary neuronal cells induces both potentially neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses: a microarray analysis: E.H. Yew, et al.; J. Neurochem. 94, 943 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Heat Shock Proteins Other Products • Proteasome / Related Products • Antibiotics for Angiogenesis Research • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - NF-kB Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors

ALX-350-260

Revised 11-Aug-08

Lactacystin (synthetic)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-260-MC01		0.1 mg	95.00 USD
ALX-350-260-M001		1 mg	730.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₇S
MW:	376.4
CAS NUMBER:	133343-34-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetonitrile (20mg/ml), 100% ethanol (1mg/ml), methanol, DMSO (20mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (20mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
ACTIVITY:	k_obs/[I]=4’000M^-1sec^-1 versus 20S:PA28 complex.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Organic stock solutions are stable for 3 months when stored at -20°C. Subject to hydrolysis in aqueous buffers. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Cell permeable and irreversible proteasome inhibitor. Specifically inhibits 26S proteasome (MCP; multicatalytic proteinase complex). Blocks proteasome activity by targeting the catalytic β-subunit. Has no effect on serine or cysteine proteases. Induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells. Also inhibits NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκB degradation. Inhibits the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in cell culture (IC₅₀=10µM). Inhibits cathepsin A . Upregulates HSP70 and HSP22, suggesting an initial neuroprotective pathway.

Product Specific Literature References

Lactacystin, a novel microbial metabolite, induces neuritogenesis of neuroblastoma cells: S. Omura, et al.; J. Antibiot. 44, 113 (1991) Abstract
A beta-lactone related to lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line and inhibits cell cycle progression in an osteosarcoma cell line: G. Fenteany, et al.; PNAS 91, 3358 (1994) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis in human monoblast U937 cells: S. Imajo-Ohmi, et al.; BBRC 217, 1070 (1995) Abstract
The neuritogenesis inducer lactacystin arrests cell cycle at both G0/G1 and G2 phases in neuro 2a cells: M. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 48, 344 (1995) Abstract
Degradation process of ligand-stimulated platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor involves ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: S. Mori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 29447 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Structure-activity relationships of lactacystin, the first non-protein neurotrophic factor: T. Nagamitsu, et al.; J. Antibiotics 48, 747 (1995) Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of Neuro 2a cells by lactacystin and its partial inhibition by the protein phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A and okadaic acid: H. Tanaka, et al.; BBRC 216, 291 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin: G. Fenteany, et al.; Science 268, 726 (1995) Abstract
Proteasome-dependent regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression: M.V. Blagosklonny, et al.; BBRC 227, 564 (1996) Abstract
Enhancement of CPP32-like activity in the TNF-treated U937 cells by the proteasome inhibitors: E. Fujita, et al.; BBRC 224, 74 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in endoplasmic reticulum membranes is accelerated as a result of increased susceptibility to proteolysis: T.P. McGee, et al.; J.Biol. Chem. 271, 25630 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Lactacystin increases LDL receptor level on HepG2 cells: H. Miura, et al.; BBRC 227, 684 (1996) Abstract
Proteasome pathway operates for the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in intact cells: Y. Murakami, et al.; Biochem. J. 317, 77 (1996) Abstract
Lactacystin, an inhibitor of the proteasome, blocks the degradation of a mutant precursor of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in a pre-Golgi compartment: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 219, 800 (1996) Abstract
Degradation of a mutant secretory protein, alpha1-antitrypsin Z, in the endoplasmic reticulum requires proteasome activity: D. Qu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22791 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Accelerated degradation of PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) oncoprotein by all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia: possible role of the proteasome pathway: H. Yoshida, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2945 (1996) Abstract
Lactacystin and clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone modify multiple proteasome beta-subunits and inhibit intracellular protein degradation and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation: A. Craiu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 13437 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin induces apoptosis and sensitizes chemo- and radioresistant human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes to TNF-alpha-initiated apoptosis: J. Delic, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 77, 1103 (1998) Abstract
Lactacystin, proteasome function, and cell fate: G. Fenteany & S.L. Schreiber; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 8545 (1998), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
The role of proteolysis during differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei from the bloodstream to the procyclic form: M.C. Mutomba, et al.; Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 93, 11 (1998) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors prevent the degradation of familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 and potentiate A beta 42 recovery from human cells: P. Marambaud, et al.; Mol. Med. 4, 147 (1998) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin hyperphosphorylate HSF1 and induce hsp70 and hsp27 expression: D. Kim, et al.; BBRC 254, 264 (1999) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors induce mitochondria-independent apoptosis in human glioma cells: H. Kitagawa, et al.; FEBS Lett. 443, 181 (1999) Abstract
Lactacystin, a specific inhibitor of the proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates caspase-3 in cultured cerebellar granule cells: L.A. Pasquini, et al.; J. Neurosci. Res. 59, 601 (2000) Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors induce cytochrome c-caspase-3-like protease- mediated apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons: J.H. Qiu, et al.; J. Neurosci. 20, 259 (2000) Abstract
Lactacystin activates FLICE (caspase 8) protease and induces apoptosis in Fas-resistant adult T-cell leukemia cell lines: Y. Yamada, et al.; Eur. J. Haematol. 64, 315 (2000) Abstract
Lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor: discovery and its application in cell biology: H. Tomoda & S. Omura; Yakugaku Zasshi 120, 935 (2000), Review Abstract
Lactacystin inhibits cathepsin A activity in melanoma cell lines: L. Kozlowski, et al.; Tumour Biol. 22, 211 (2001) Abstract
Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin in primary neuronal cells induces both potentially neuroprotective and pro-apoptotic transcriptional responses: a microarray analysis: E.H. Yew, et al.; J. Neurochem. 94, 943 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-380-002

Revised 03-Apr-08

Cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-002-M100		100 mg	46.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5100		5x100 mg	190.00 USD
ALX-380-002-G001		1 g	290.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5001		5x1 g	1'150.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
MW:	1202.6
CAS NUMBER:	59865-13-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2752
RTECS:	GZ4120000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥99% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol, acetone or petroleum ether; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Potent immunosuppressor. Widely used after organ transplantation. Binds to cytosolic proteins of the cyclophilin family. Cyclosporin A-cyclophilin complexes block protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin), a key enzyme in T cell activation. As a result of the calcineurin inhibition, cyclosporine A blocks various cellular processes such as activation of T cells and expression of several lymphokines (especially IL-2). Inhibits cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Cyclosporin A and C-New metabolites from Trichodermapolysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai: Dreyfuss M., et al.; Europ. J. appl. Microbiol. 3, 125 (1976)
Immunosuppression for organ grafting - observations on cyclosporin A: R. Y. Calne; Immunol. Rev. 46, 113 (1976), Review Abstract
Immunological actions of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: D. Yocum; Br. J. Rheumatol. 32, 38 (1993), Review Abstract
Cyclosporin A binding to mitochondrial cyclophilin inhibits the permeability transition pore and protects hearts from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: A.P. Halestrap, et al; Mol. Cell. Biochem. 174, 167 (1997), Review Abstract
New aspects of cyclosporin a mode of action: from gene silencing to gene up-regulation: L. Mascarell & P. Truffa-Bachi; Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 3, 205 (2003), Review Abstract
Rationale for T cell inhibition by cyclosporin A in major autoimmune diseases: G.F. Ferraccioli, et al.; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1051, 658 (2005), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-009

Revised 26-Jun-08

Actinomycin D
SYNONYMS	Actinomycin IV Actinomycin C₁ Dactinomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-009-M005		5 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-380-009-M025		25 mg	200.00 USD
ALX-380-009-M100		100 mg	540.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₈₆N₁₂O₁₆
MW:	1255.5
CAS NUMBER:	50-76-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: