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Toxins

ALX-630-069

Revised 28-Jan-08

Chlorotoxin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-630-069-C500		500 µg	1'200.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	H-Met-Cys-Met-Pro-Cys-Phe-Thr-Thr-Asp-His-Gln-Met-Ala-Arg-Lys-Cys-Asp-Asp-Cys-Cys-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Lys-Cys-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Gln-Cys-Leu-Cys-Arg-NH₂ (Disulfide bonds between Cys²-Cys¹⁹, Cys⁵-Cys²⁸, Cys¹⁶-Cys³³and Cys²⁰-Cys³⁵)
FORMULA:	C₁₅₈H₂₄₉N₅₂O₄₈S₁₁
MW:	3995.8
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with distilled water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.

Product Description

Potent neurotoxin. Small conductance Cl^- channel blocker. Highly specific marker for glioma cells and tumors of neuroectodermal origin. Inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).

Product Specific Literature References

Purification and characterization of chlorotoxin, a chloride channel ligand from the venom of the scorpion: J.A. DeBin, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 264, C361 (1993) Abstract
NMR sequential assignments and solution structure of chlorotoxin, a small scorpion toxin that blocks chloride channels: G. Lippens, et al.; Biochemistry 34, 13 (1995) Abstract
Use of chlorotoxin for targeting of primary brain tumors
: L. Soroceanu, et al.; Cancer Res. 58, 4871 (1998) Abstract
Chlorotoxin, a scorpion-derived peptide, specifically binds to gliomas and tumors of neuroectodermal origin: S.A. Lyons, et al.; Glia 39, 162 (2002) Abstract
Chlorotoxin inhibits glioma cell invasion via matrix metalloproteinase-2: J. Deshane, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 4135 (2003) Abstract
Targeted delivery of antitumoral therapy to glioma and other malignancies with synthetic chlorotoxin (TM-601): A. N. Mamelak & D. B. Jacoby; Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 4, 175 (2007), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Cl- Channels

ALX-350-238

Revised 03-Apr-08

Chlortetracycline . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	Aureomycin . HCI
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics Other Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-238-G001		1 g	20.00 USD
ALX-350-238-G005		5 g	35.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₂₃ClN₂O₈. HCl
MW:	478.9 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	64-72-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2192
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.
PURITY:	~80%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Antibiotic. Inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. Used as a fluorescent Ca²⁺ probe.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of thrombin-induced secretion from platelets by chlortetracycline and its analogs: E.H. Murer and E. Siojo; Thromb. Haemost. 47, 62 (1982) Abstract
Characterization of chlortetracycline (aureomycin) as a calcium ionophore: J.R. White & F.L. Pearce; Biochemistry 21, 6309 (1982) Abstract
Effect of bile acids on intracellular calcium in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets: N. Thibault & F. Ballett; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 289 (1993) Abstract
Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in edible animal tissues, liquid chromatographic method: collaborative study: J.D. MacNeil, et al.; J. AOAC Int. 79, 405 (1996) Abstract
The effect of chlortetracycline treatment and its subsequent withdrawal on multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and commensal Escherichia coli in the pig: A.A. Delsol, et al.; J. Appl. Microbiol. 95, 1226 (2003) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-380-055

Revised 13-Jun-08

Chromomycin A3
SYNONYMS	Toyomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Antibiotics - DNA Regulation / Transcription

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-055-M005		5 mg	65.00 USD
ALX-380-055-M025		25 mg	260.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅₇H₈₂O₂₆
MW:	1183.3
CAS NUMBER:	7059-24-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2238
RTECS:	GB7875000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces griseus.
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Inhibits RNA synthesis. Cell permeable fluorescent dye that can be used with Bisbenzimide H33258 (Prod. No. ALX-620-051) to distinguish chromosomes by their total DNA concentration and their DNA base composition. Binds to G:C pairs of helical DNA but does not intercalate. Ex(max): 445nm; Em(max): 575nm.

General Literature References

K. Mizuno; J. Antibiot. 16, 22 (1963)

Related Products

ALX-620-051

Bisbenzimide H33258 . trihydrochloride

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Transcription Inhibitors / Related Products

ALX-385-009

Revised 03-Apr-08

Chrysin
SYNONYMS	5,7-Dihydroxyflavone
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Flavones

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-385-009-G001		1 g	15.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₀O₄
MW:	254.2
CAS NUMBER:	480-40-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2256
RTECS:	LK8329050
PURITY:	≥96%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow to tan solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in pyridine or alkaline solutions; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C

Product Description

Antioxidant flavonoid. Shows anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Chrysin-induced apoptosis is mediated through caspase activation and Akt inactivation in U937 leukemia cells: K.J. Woo, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 325, 1215 (2004) Abstract
Chrysin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through inducing p21Waf1/Cip1 expression: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: M.S. Weng, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 69, 1815 (2005) Abstract
Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism:: Y.J. Moon, et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 20, 187 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Chrysin inhibits expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha through reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stability and inhibiting its protein synthesis: B. Fu, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 220 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antioxidants

ALX-380-112

Revised 03-Apr-08

Chrysomycin A
SYNONYMS	Chrysomycin V Virenomycin V
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-112-C250		250 µg	140.00 USD
ALX-380-112-M001		1 mg	420.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₈H₂₈O₉
MW:	508.5
CAS NUMBER:	82196-88-1
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow to greenish solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from light also when in solution.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Inhibits topoisomerase II in human. Mediates a unique cross-linking reaction between DNA and histidine H3. Antineoplastic and photosensitizing compound. Exhibits antitumor activity against human cell lines.

Product Specific Literature References

Chrysomycin: a new antibiotic substance for bacterial viruses: F. Strelitz, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 69, 280 (1955) Abstract
The chemistry of the antibiotics chrysomycin A and B. Antitumor activity of chrysomycin A: U. Weiss, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 35, 1194 (1982) Abstract
Biochemical characterisation of elsamicin and other coumarin-related antitumour agents as potent inhibitors of human topoisomerase II: A. Lorico and B.H. Long; Eur. J. Cancer 29A, 1985 (1993) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-380-112

Chrysomycin A

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • Antitumor Antibiotics

ALX-350-365

Revised 07-Oct-08

Cinnamtannin B-1
SYNONYMS	Epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4α→8)-epicatechin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-365-M005		5 mg	230.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₅H₃₆O₁₈
MW:	864.7
CAS NUMBER:	88082-60-4
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Laurus nobilis L.
PURITY:	≥90% (¹H-NMR)
APPEARANCE:	Brown solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or in a mixture of DMSO and water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.

Product Description

A-type proanthocyanidin contained in several plant species such as Laurus nobilis L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Parameria laevigata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Lindera umbellata. Potent antioxidant. Protective agent against oxidative stress and apoptosis in human platelets.

Product Specific Literature References

Pharmacological Studies on Linderae umbellatae Ramus, IV*. Effects of condensed tannin related compounds on peptic activity and stress-induced gastric lesions in mice: N. Ezaki, et al.; Planta Med. 51, 34 (1985) Abstract
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents: Y. Kashiwada, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 55, 1033 (1992) Abstract
Antioxidant activity of tannin components from Vaccinium vitis-idaea L: K.Y. Ho, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51, 1075 (1999) Abstract
Studies on the constituents of bark of Parameria laevigata Moldenke: K. Kamiya, et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49, 551 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Cinnamtannin B1 activity on adipocytes formation: M. Taher, et al.; Med. J. Malaysia 59, 97 (2004) Abstract
Phenolic constituents in the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and their antioxidant activity: G.K. Jayaprakasha, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1672 (2006) Abstract
Characterization of the intracellular mechanisms involved in the antiaggregant properties of cinnamtannin B-1 from bay wood in human platelets: N. Ben Amor, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 50, 3937 (2007) Abstract
Cinnamtannin B-1 from bay wood exhibits antiapoptotic effects in human platelets: A. Bouaziz, et al.; Apoptosis 12, 489 (2007) Abstract
Cinnamtannin B-1 from bay wood reduces abnormal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and platelet hyperaggregability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A. Bouaziz, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 457, 235 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Flavanols • Natural Products - Antioxidants

ALX-350-283

Revised 11-Jun-07

Cinobufagin
SYNONYMS	5β,20(22)-Bufadienolide-3β,16β-diol-14,15β-epoxy 16-acetate 14,15β-Epoxy-3β,16β-dihydroxy-5β,20(22)-bufadienolide 16-acetate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-283-M005		5 mg	95.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₆H₃₄O₆
MW:	442.6
CAS NUMBER:	470-37-1
PURITY:	≥99%
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Specific Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitor. About as active as ouabain (Prod. No. ALX-350-066).

Product Specific Literature References

Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of cinobufagin: S. Toma, et al.; Xenobiotica 17, 1195 (1987) Abstract
Specific 12 beta-hydroxylation of cinobufagin by filamentous fungi: M. Ye, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 3521 (2004) Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids differentially affect intracellular Na+ and [Na+]i/[K+]i-independent signaling in C7-MDCK cells: O.A. Akimova, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 832 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Na+ / K+-ATPase / Related Products • Natural Products - Immunomodulators • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative)

ALX-350-284

Revised 11-Jun-07

Cinobufotalin
SYNONYMS	14,15β-Epoxy-3β,5α,16β-trihydroxy-5β,20(22)-bufadienolide 16-acetate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-284-M005		5 mg	85.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₆H₃₄O₇
MW:	458.6
CAS NUMBER:	1108-68-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2307
PURITY:	≥99%
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Specific Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitor. Less active than ouabain (Prod. No. ALX-350-066).

Product Specific Literature References

Actions of bufalin and cinobufotalin, two bufadienolides respectively more active and less active than ouabain, on ouabain binding and 86Rb uptake by human erythrocytes: A.A. Brownlee, et al.; Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 78, 169 (1990) Abstract
Neutralization of cardiac toxins oleandrin, oleandrigenin, bufalin, and cinobufotalin by digibind: monitoring the effect by measuring free digitoxin concentrations: A. Dasgupta & L. Emerson ; Life Sci. 63, 781 (1998) Abstract
Simultaneous determination of four bufadienolides in human liver by high-performance liquid chromatography: Z. Wang, et al.; Biomed. Chromatogr. 18, 318 (2004) Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids differentially affect intracellular Na+ and [Na+]i/[K+]i-independent signaling in C7-MDCK cells: O.A. Akimova, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 832 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Na+ / K+-ATPase / Related Products • Natural Products - Immunomodulators

ALX-380-287

Revised 15-Apr-08

Ciprofloxacin
SYNONYMS	1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1- piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

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FORMULA:	C₂₇H₂₈O₉
MW:	496.5
CAS NUMBER:	83852-56-6
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.