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Mycotoxins
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ALX-270-111 Revised 31-Jul-08
Patulin
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SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one
Clairformin
Clavacin
Clavatin
Claviformin
Leucopin
Mycoin C3
Mycosin
Penicidin
Terinin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M001   1 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M025   25 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H6O4
MW: 154.1
CAS NUMBER: 149-29-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7053
RTECS: LV2625000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, ethyl acetate or DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description
Inhibitor of protein farnesylation in a cell free assay. Inhibits incorporation of tritiated mevalonate into proteins in whole cells. Mycotoxin with anti-bacterial, potassium uptake inhibitory and possibly carcinogenic activities. Known contaminant of spoiled apples.
Product Specific Literature References
M. Birkinshaw, et al.; Lancet 245, 625 (1943)
J. Kahn; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 121, 234 (1957)
IARC Monographs 10, 205 (1976)
Chronology of patulin-induced alterations in membrane function of cultured renal cells, LLC-PK: R.T. Riley, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 102, 128 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of protein prenylation by patulin: S. Miura, et al.; FEBS Lett. 318, 88 (1993) Abstract
Aneuploidogenic and clastogenic potential of the mycotoxins citrinin and patulin: E. Pfeiffer, et al.; Carcinogenesis 19, 1313 (1998) Abstract
Hplc detection of patulin in apple juice with GC/MS confirmation of patulin identity: J.A. Roach, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 504, 135 (2002), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Mycotoxins • Farnesylation / Isoprenylation Reagents
 
 
ALX-630-019 Revised 06-Jun-08
Paxilline
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-630-019-M001   1 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-019-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-019-M010   10 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H33NO4
MW: 435.6
CAS NUMBER: 57186-25-1
RTECS: DJ2830000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium paxilli.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol, acetone or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Solution is stable up to 1 week when stored at +4 °C and for at least 3 months when stored at -20 °C.
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Fungal mycotoxin with potent excitatory action on acetylcholine release from nerve terminals. Paxilline is a specific and potent blocker of smooth muscle high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Inhibitor of the cerebellar inositol 1,4, 5-trisphophate (InsP(3)) receptor.
Product Specific Literature References
A new tremorgenic metabolite from Penicillium paxilli: R.J. Cole, et al.; Can. J. Microbiol. 20, 1159 (1974) Abstract
Characterization of high affinity binding sites for charybdotoxin in synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain. Evidence for a direct association with an inactivating, voltage-dependent, potassium channel: J. Vazquez, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 15564 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Tremorgenic indole alkaloids potently inhibit smooth muscle high- conductance calcium-activated potassium channels: H.-G. Knaus, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 5819 (1994) Abstract
Paxilline inhibition of the alpha-subunit of the high-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel: M. Sanchez & O. B. McManus; Neuropharmacology 35, 963 (1996) Abstract
The mycotoxin paxilline inhibits the cerebellar inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptor: C. L. Longland, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 408, 219 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Inositols & Inositolphosphates / Related Products • K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors • Alkaloids • Mycotoxins
 
 
ALX-630-020 Revised 29-Oct-07
Penitrem A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-020-M001   1 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-020-M005   5 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C37H44NO6Cl
MW: 634.2
CAS NUMBER: 12627-35-9
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium palitans.
PURITY: ≥98%
SOLUBILITY: Must first be dissolved in organic solvents such as methanol, acetone or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description
Fungal mycotoxin, which increases the spontaneous release of GABA and aspartate from cerebrocortical synaptosomes in rat neuromuscular junction. Specific and potent blocker of smooth muscle high-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects of a fungus tremorgenic toxin (penitrem A) on transmission in rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations: B.J. Wilson, et al.; Brain Res. 40, 540 (1972) Abstract
Tremorgenic indole alkaloids potently inhibit smooth muscle high-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels: H.G. Knaus, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 5819 (1994) Abstract
Brain neurotoxicity of Penitrem A: electrophysiological, behavioral and histopathological study: P. Breton, et al.; Toxicon 36, 645 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Mycotoxins • K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors • GABA-ergics & GABA Receptors / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-342 Revised 02-Sep-08
Roquefortine C
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-350-342-MC05   0.5 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H23N5O2
MW: 389.5
CAS NUMBER: 58735-64-1
RTECS: UQ4730500
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from MST-FP1764.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent neurotoxin produced by a diverse range of fungi, most notably Penicillium species. Inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits cytochrome p450.
Product Specific Literature References
Isolation of festuclavine and three new indole alkaloids, roquefortine A, B and C from the cultures of Penicillium roqueforti: S. Ohmomo, et al.; Agric. Biol. Chem. 39, 1333 (1975)
Antimicrobial action of roquefortine: B. Kopp-Holtwiesche and H.J. Rehm; J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 10, 41 (1990) Abstract
Molecular requirements for inhibition of cytochrome p450 activities by roquefortine: C. Aninat, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 14, 1259 (2001) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of roquefortine on hepatic cytochromes P450: C. Aninat and M. Delaforge; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 500, 331 (2001) Abstract
The effects of the Penicillium mycotoxins citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid, ochratoxin A, patulin, penicillic acid, and roquefortine C on in vitro proliferation of porcine lymphocytes: M. Keblys, et al.; Mycopathologia 158, 317 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cytochrome P450 [CYP450] / Related Products • Alkaloids • Mycotoxins
 
 
ALX-630-112 Revised 14-Jan-08
Stachybotrylactam
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SYNONYMS 2-Deoxy Antibiotic F1839A
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-112-MC05   0.5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C23H31NO4
MW: 385.5
CAS NUMBER: 163391-76-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Stachybotrys sp. MST-FP1752.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Light tan solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Mycotoxin. Immunosuppressive. Weakly inhibits HIV-1 protease.
Product Specific Literature References
Stachybotrys toxins. 1: B.B. Jarvis, et al.; Nat. Toxins 3, 10 (1995) Abstract
Novel spirodihydrobenzofuranlactams as antagonists of endothelin and as inhibitors of HIV-1 protease produced by Stachybotrys Sp. I. Fermentation, isolation and biological activity: B.E. Roggo, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 49, 13 (1996) Abstract
Enantioselective total synthesis and structure revision of spirodihydrobenzofuranlactam 1. Total synthesis of stachybotrylactam: A.S. Kende, et al.; Org. Lett. 5, 1785 (2003) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Immunomodulators • HIV / AIDS / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-116 Revised 15-Aug-08
Sterigmatocystin
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SYNONYMS 3a,12c-Dihydro-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-7H-furol[3’,2’:4,5]furo[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-116-M001   1 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-116-M005   5 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H12O6
MW: 324.3
CAS NUMBER: 10048-13-2
RTECS: LV1750000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus versicolor.
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC, HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Pale yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol or acetone.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Mycotoxin produced by strains of the common molds. Inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Induces sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of mice. Causes necrosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Effect of sterigmatocystin on rat liver nuclear RNA: W. Nel & H.E. Pretorius; Biochem. Pharmacol. 19, 957 (1970) Abstract
Massive and single cell necrosis in the rat liver induced by aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin: K. Terao; Acta Pathol. Jpn. 23, 647 (1973) Abstract
Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in vivo in mice by the mycotoxins sterigmatocystin and griseofulvin: P.T. Curry, et al.; Mutat. Res. 137, 111 (1984) Abstract
Cytotoxicity of occupationally and environmentally relevant mycotoxins: J. Bünger, et al.; Toxicology 202, 199 (2004) Abstract
An aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster gene encodes a novel oxidase required for conversion of versicolorin a to sterigmatocystin: K.C. Ehrlich, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71, 8963 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Aspergillus mycotoxins and their effect on the host: K. Kamei & A. Watanabe; Med. Mycol. 43, S95 (2005) Abstract
A novel biosensor for sterigmatocystin constructed by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) modified with aflatoxin-detoxifizyme (ADTZ): D.S. Yao, et al.; Bioelectrochemistry 68, 126 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Replication Inhibitors • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-101 Revised 13-May-08
T-2 Toxin
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SYNONYMS 4β,15-Diacetoxy-3α-hydroxy-8α-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-101-M001   1 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-101-M005   5 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C24H34O9
MW: 466.5
CAS NUMBER: 21259-20-1
RTECS: YD0100000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Fusarium sp.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride or chloroform.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Mycotoxin. Induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Increases blood-brain barrier permeability and inhibits monoamine oxidase activity in the brain.
Product Specific Literature References
The structures of toxins from two strains of Fusarium tricinctum: J.R. Bamburg, et al.; Tetrahedron 24, 3329 (1968) Abstract
Apoptotic cellular damage in mice after T-2 toxin-induced acute toxicosis: T. Ihara, et al.; Nat. Toxins 5, 141 (1997) Abstract
T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in lymphoid organs of mice: J. Shinozuka, et al.; Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 49, 387 (1997) Abstract
T-2 toxin induces thymic apoptosis in vivo in mice: Z. Islam, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 148, 205 (1998) Abstract
T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic tissues of mice: J. Shinozuka, et al.; Toxicol. Pathol. 26, 674 (1998) Abstract
Kinetics and distribution of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 mRNA in the dorsal skin of hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-Ht rats following topical application of T-2 toxin: S.M. Albarenque, et al.; Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 52, 297 (2000) Abstract
Thymocyte apoptosis by T-2 toxin in vivo in mice is independent of Fas/Fas ligand system: A.M. Murshedul, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64, 210 (2000) Abstract
Kinetics of apoptosis-related genes mRNA expression in the dorsal skin of hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-ht rats after topical application of T-2 toxin: S.M. Albarenque, et al.; Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 52, 553 (2001) Abstract
Development of apoptosis and changes in lymphocyte subsets in thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches of mice orally inoculated with T-2 toxin: T. Nagata, et al.; Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 53, 309 (2001) Abstract
Cytotoxicity and related effects of T-2 toxin on cultured Vero cells: C. Bouaziz, et al.; Toxicon 48, 343 (2006) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-317 Revised 08-Apr-08
Tenuazonic acid
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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ALX-350-317-MC05   0.5 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H15NO3
MW: 197.3
CAS NUMBER: 610-88-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9149
RTECS: UY7425000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Alternaria sp.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Brown oily solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Antineoplastic compound exhibiting antitumor, antiviral and antibacterial activity. Inhibits protein synthesis by suppression at the ribosome. May act as a mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Microbial metabolites with insecticidal properties: M. Cole & G.N. Rolinson; Appl. Microbiol. 24, 660 (1972) Abstract
Microbial production of tenuazonic acid analogues: S. Gatenbeck & J. Sierankiewicz; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 3, 308 (1973) Abstract
Inhibition of mouse skin tumor promotion by tenuazonic acid: M. Antony, et al.; Cancer Lett. 61, 21 (1991) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Mycotoxins • Antibiotics - Antiviral / Anti-HIV
 
 
ALX-630-105 Revised 29-Sep-08
Zearalenone
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SYNONYMS Benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-105-M010   10 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-105-M050   50 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H22O5
MW: 318.4
CAS NUMBER: 17924-92-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 10116
RTECS: DM2550000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Fusarium graminearum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol  (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description

Estrogenic mycotoxin in animals and a phytohormone in plants. Inducer of sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration. Acts as a protonophoric uncoupler in plant mitochondria.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of zearalenone: W. H. Urry, et al.; THL 27, 3109 (1966)
Trace mycotoxin analysis in complex biological and food matrices by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionisation mass spectrometry: P. Zollner & B. Mayer-Helm; J. Chromatogr. A 1136, 123 (2006), Review Abstract
Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: an oestrogenic mycotoxin: A. Zinedine, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 45, 1 (2007), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents / Related Products