ALEXIS Biochemicals: Actinomycin X0β

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ALX-380-009

Revised 26-Jun-08

Actinomycin D
SYNONYMS	Actinomycin IV Actinomycin C₁ Dactinomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-009-M005		5 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-380-009-M025		25 mg	200.00 USD
ALX-380-009-M100		100 mg	540.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₈₆N₁₂O₁₆
MW:	1255.5
CAS NUMBER:	50-76-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2800
RTECS:	AU1575000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces parvulus.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Red shiny crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Sensitive to strong acids and bases.
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Hygroscopic.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. DNA intercalating agent. Cytotoxic inducer of apoptosis against tumor cells. Inhibitor of RNA synthesis.

For nomenclature see S.A. Waksman, E. Katz & L.C. Vining; PNAS 44, 602 (1958)

Product Specific Literature References

Apoptosis induced by Actinomycin D, Camptothecin or Aphidicolin can occur in all phases of the cell cycle: J.M. Glynn, et al.; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 20, 84S (1992) Abstract
Influence of DNA base sequence on the binding energetics of actinomycin D: S.A. Bailey, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 5881 (1993) Abstract
Nitric oxide ameliorates actinomycin D/endotoxin-induced apoptotic liver failure in mice: M. Akahori, et al.; J. Surg. Res. 85, 286 (1999) Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha plus actinomycin D-induced apoptosis of L929 cells is prevented by nitric oxide: S. Hakoda, et al.; Surg. Today 29, 1059 (1999) Abstract
Actinomycin D induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells: J. Kleeff, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 86, 399 (2000) Abstract
Actinomycin D inhibiting K562 cell apoptosis elicited by salvicine but not decreasing its cytotoxicity: C. Qing, et al.; Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 24, 415 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Actinomycin D induces histone gamma-H2AX foci and complex formation of gamma-H2AX with Ku70 and nuclear DNA helicase II: H.E. Mischo, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 9586 (2005) Abstract
Actinomycin D upregulates proapoptotic protein Puma and downregulates Bcl-2 mRNA in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes: I. Kalousek, et al.; Anticancer Drugs 18, 763 (2007) Abstract
Actinomycin D enhances TRAIL-induced caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: M.J. Wang, et al.; Neurosci. Res. 59, 40 (2007) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-380-283

7-Amino-actinomycin D

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Transcription Inhibitors / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

ALX-380-013

Revised 12-Jun-08

G418 . sulfate
SYNONYMS	Geneticin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics for Molecular Biology Application

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-013-M100		100 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-380-013-M500		500 mg	39.00 USD
ALX-380-013-G001		1 g	48.00 USD
ALX-380-013-G005		5 g	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₄₀N₄O₁₀ . 2H₂SO₄
MW:	496.6 . 196.1
CAS NUMBER:	108321-42-2
RTECS:	CB9378500
PURITY:	~98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
ACTIVITY:	Potency: ≥650µg/mg.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Solutions are stable for 3 to 6 months when stored at -20 °C.
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description

Gentamycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. Cytotoxic to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Induces apoptosis. Widely employed in the selection of eukaryotic expression vectors, in combination with either aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 3’ or APH II.

Product Specific Literature References

Antibiotic G-418, a new Micromonospora-produced aminoglycoside with activity against protozoa and helminths: fermentation, isolation, and preliminary characterization: G.H. Wagman, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 6, 144 (1974) Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C is activated allosterically by the aminoglycoside G418. 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-scyllo-inositol-1-O-dodecylphosphonate and its analogs inhibit glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase C: J.C. Morris, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15468 (1996) Abstract
Addition of G418 and other aminoglycoside antibiotics to mammalian cells results in the release of GPI-anchored proteins: M. Kung, et al.; FEBS Lett. 409, 333 (1997) Abstract
Cytochrome c release and endoplasmic reticulum stress are involved in caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by G418: Q.H. Jin, et al.; Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61, 1816 (2004) Abstract
Expression and distribution of HSP27 in response to G418 in different human breast cancer cell lines: L. Qian, et al.; Histochem. Cell Biol. 126, 593 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Carbohydrates • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-380-023

Revised 19-Oct-07

Mitomycin C
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-023-M005		5 mg	98.00 USD
ALX-380-023-M010		10 mg	185.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅
MW:	334.3
CAS NUMBER:	50-07-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6215
RTECS:	CN0700000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Blue-violet crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nuclear division and cancer cells. DNA intercalating agent. Apoptosis inducer.

Product Specific Literature References

Mitomycin, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces. I: T. Hata, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 9, 141 (1956) Abstract
S.K. Carter & S.T. Crooke ; 'Mitomycin C. Current Status and New Developments', Academic Press, New York (1979)
Revised absolute configuration of mitomycin C. X-ray analysis of 1-N-(p-bromobenzoyl)mitomycin C: K. Shirahata & N. Hirayama; JACS 105, 7199 (1983)
Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by reduced mitomycin C and 7-N-(p- hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C: K. Ueda and T. Komano; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 6673 (1984) Abstract
Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA: M. Tomasz, et al.; Science 235, 1204 (1987) Abstract
The chemistry of DNA modification by antitumor antibiotics: J.F. Fisher & P.A. Aristoff; Prog. Drug Res. 32, 411 (1988) Abstract
DNA sequence specificity of mitomycin cross-linking: S.P. Teng, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 3901 (1989) Abstract
Polyoxyethylene-modified superoxide dismutase reduces side effects of adriamycin and mitomycin C: S. Kawasaki, et al.; J. Cancer Res. 83, 899 (1992) Abstract
Genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by DNA-damaging agents: J.L. McEvoy, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 174, 5471 (1992) Abstract
Elevated DT-diaphorase activity and messenger RNA content in human non- small cell lung carcinoma: relationship to the response of lung tumor xenografts to mitomycin Cl: A.M. Malkinson, et al.; Cancer Res. 52, 4752 (1992) Abstract
Mitomycins: J. Verweij, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Biol. Response Modif. 18, 46 (1999) Abstract
Mitomycin C induces apoptosis in a caspases-dependent and Fas/CD95- independent manner in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells: I.C. Park, et al.; Cancer Lett. 158, 125 (2000) Abstract
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhances mitomycin-C-induced apoptosis: C.T. Hsueh, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 45, 389 (2000) Abstract
DNA-damaging agents cause inactivation of translational regulators linked to mTOR signalling: A.R. Tee & C.G. Proud; Oncogene 19, 3021 (2000) Abstract
Re-evaluation of tumor-specific cytotoxicity of mitomycin C, bleomycin and peplomycin: M. Sasaki, et al.; Anticancer Res. 26, 3373 (2006) Abstract
Activation of the S phase DNA damage checkpoint by mitomycin C: E. Mladenov, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 211, 468 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

ALX-380-024

Revised 30-Oct-07

Actinomycin C
SYNONYMS	Cactinomycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-024-M005		5 mg	40.00 USD
ALX-380-024-M025		25 mg	140.00 USD

Product Specification

CAS NUMBER:	8052-16-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1606
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces chrysomallus.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Orange solid.
FORMULATION:	Mixture of actinomycin C1(= actinomycin D) (R = R’ = D-Val) ~3%, C2(R = D-Val, R’ = D-allo-Ile) ~45%, C3(R = R’ = D-allo-Ile) ~53%.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol. Sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic complex with antitumor activity.

Product Specific Literature References

Nomenclature of the Actinomycins: S.A. Waksman, et al.; PNAS 44, 602 (1958) Abstract

General Information

For nomenclature see S.A. Waksman, E. Katz and L.C. Vining; PNAS 44, 602 (1958).

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Transcription Inhibitors / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

ALX-380-026

Revised 26-Jun-08

Monensin . sodium salt
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Ionophores

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-026-M100		100 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-380-026-G001		1 g	63.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₆H₆₁O₁₁ . Na
MW:	669.9 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER:	22373-78-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6246
PURITY:	≥90%
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in chloroform or DMSO. Clear solution (5%) in methanol with heat. Slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic that functions as Na⁺ ionophore. Blocks glycoprotein secretion. Inhibits proliferation of several lymphoma cell lines through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Monensin, a new biologically active compound. I. Discovery and isolation: M. E. Haney, Jr. & M. M. Hoehn; Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. (Bethesda) 7, 349 (1967) Abstract
Solution chemistry of monensin and its alkali metal ion complexes. Potentiometric and spectroscopic studies
: P.G. Gertenbach & A.I. Popov; JACS 97, 4738 (1975)
Undersulfated proteoglycans are secreted by cultured chondrocytes in the presence of the ionophore monensin: K. Tajiri, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6036 (1980) Abstract; Full Text
Expression of membrane IGM by a human B lymphoblastoid cell line in the presence of monensin: R.T. Kubo and M.L. Pigeon; Mol. Immunol. 20, 345 (1983) Abstract
Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity: H. H. Mollenhauer, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1031, 225 (1990), Review Abstract
Monensin-mediated growth inhibition in human lymphoma cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis: W. H. Park, et al.; Br. J. Haematol. 119, 400 (2002) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products • Natural Products for Cell Cycle Research • Vesicles & Membrane Trafficking Other Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-380-028

Revised 02-Apr-08

Puromycin . dihydrochloride
SYNONYMS	3'-[[2-Amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-adenosine . 2HCl 3'-(α-Amino-p-methoxy-hydrocinnamamido-3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-adenosine . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-028-M010		10 mg	15.00 USD
ALX-380-028-M025		25 mg	35.00 USD
ALX-380-028-M100		100 mg	98.00 USD
ALX-380-028-M500		500 mg	310.00 USD
ALX-380-028-G001		1 g	410.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₂₉N₇O₅ . 2HCl
MW:	471.5 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER:	58-58-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7943
RTECS:	AU7355000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces alboniger.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Interferes with protein formation by interfering with the function of RNA in the cells involved. Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Unexpected cytokinetic effects induced by puromycin include a G2- arrest, a metaphase-mitotic-arrest, and apoptosis: A.N. Davidoff & B.V. Mendelow; Leuk. Res. 16, 1077 (1992) Abstract
Specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an early marker of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis: S.H. Kaufmann, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 3976 (1993) Abstract
Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase. Sequence analysis, expression, and functional characterization: D.B. Constam, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26931 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Reevaluation of the role of de novo protein synthesis in rat thymocyte apoptosis: S.C. Chow, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 216, 149 (1995) Abstract
Cell proliferation and apoptosis of the glomerular epithelial cells in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis: H. Shiiki, et al.; Pathobiology 66, 221 (1998) Abstract
Increased Apoptosis in Acute Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis: L. Fernandez, et al.; Exp. Nephrol. 9, 99 (2001) Abstract
Puromycin Aminonucleoside Induces Glomerular Epithelial Cell Apoptosis: V. Sanwal, et al.; Exp. Mol. Pathol. 70, 54 (2001) Abstract
Inhibition of puromycin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by IGF-I occurs simultaneously with increased protein synthesis: G. Soderlund, et al.; Neoplasma 51, 1 (2004) Abstract

ALX-380-030

Revised 17-Oct-07

Bafilomycin A1
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-030-C100		100 µg	70.00 USD
ALX-380-030-M001		1 mg	210.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₅H₅₈O₉
MW:	622.8
CAS NUMBER:	88899-55-2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces griseus.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Macrolide antibiotic that acts as a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase. Valuable tool for distinguishing among different types of ATPases. Inhibitor of endosomal acidification.

Product Specific Literature References

Metabolic products of microorganisms. 224. Bafilomycins, a new group of macrolide antibiotics. Production, isolation, chemical structure and biological activity: G. Werner, et al.; J. Antibiot. 37, 110 (1984) Abstract
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells: E.J. Bowman, et al.; PNAS 85, 7972 (1988) Abstract
The evolution of H+-ATPases [see comments]: N. Nelson & L. Taiz; TIPS 14, 113 (1989), (Review) Abstract
Kinetic studies of chromaffin granule H+-ATPase and effects of bafilomycin A1: H. Hanada, et al.; BBRC 170, 873 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of osteoclast proton transport by bafilomycin A1 abolishes bone resorption: K. Sundqui, et al.; BBRC 168, 309 (1990) Abstract
The cytotoxic action of diphtheria toxin and its degradation in intact Vero cells are inhibited by bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase: T. Umata, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 265, 21940 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin A1 inhibits the targeting of lysosomal acid hydrolases in cultured hepatocytes: K. Oda, et al.; BBRC 178, 369 (1991) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells: T. Yoshimori, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 17707 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibitory effect of modified bafilomycins and concanamycins on P- and V-type adenosinetriphosphatases: S. Drose, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 3902 (1993) Abstract
Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, blocks lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages: T. Furuchi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 27345 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Bafilomycin inhibits proton flow through the H+ channel of vacuolar proton pumps: B.P. Crider, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17379 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Active vacuolar H+ATPase is required for both endocytic and exocytic processes during viral infection of BHK-21 cells: H. Palokangas, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17577 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Inositol trisphosphate-dependent and -independent Ca2+ mobilization pathways at the vacuolar membrane of Candida albicans: C.M. Calvert & D. Sanders; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7272 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 differentially affects proteolytic processing of mutant and wild-type beta-amyloid precursor protein: C. Haass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6186 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Cell-type and amyloid precursor protein-type specific inhibition of A beta release by bafilomycin A1, a selective inhibitor of vacuolar ATPases: J. Knops, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2419 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Specific inhibitors of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death: T. Nishihara, et al.; BBRC 212, 255 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis by bafilomycin A1 in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: A.J. Saurin, et al.; Biochem. J. 313, 65 (1996) Abstract
Autophagy, bafilomycin and cell death: the "a-B-cs" of plecomacrolide-induced neuroprotection: J.J. Shacka, et al.; Autophagy 2, 228 (2006), Review Abstract
Bafilomycin A1-sensitive pathway is required for the maturation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: T. Okiyoneda, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1763, 1017 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-380-031

Revised 29-Apr-08

Cytochalasin D
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics for Cytoskeletal Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-031-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-380-031-M005		5 mg	240.00 USD

Product Specification