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Acetylcholine & Acetylcholine Receptors
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ALX-550-134 Revised 17-Aug-06
Acetyl-L-carnitine chloride
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SYNONYMS R-(-)-2-Acetyloxy-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium chloride
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholinergics / Related Products
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ALX-550-134-G001   1 g 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H18NClO4
MW: 239.7
CAS NUMBER: 5080-50-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 84
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Specific Literature References
Effect of l-carnitine chloride and its acetyl derivative on the electrophysiological derangement induced by palmityl-l-carnitine in isolated canine ventricular muscle: K. Matsui, et al.; Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 39, 263 (1985) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-135 Revised 06-Jul-06
Acetylcholine chloride
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SYNONYMS 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholinergics / Related Products
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ALX-550-135-G005   5 g 12.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H16ClNO2
MW: 181.7
CAS NUMBER: 60-31-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 87
RTECS: FZ9800000
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or alcohol; insoluble in ether.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: May decompose in hot water or alkalies.
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture. Hygroscopic. Keep under inert gas.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Cholinergic neurotransmitter.
 
 
ALX-550-101 Revised 16-Apr-05
AIDA
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SYNONYMS (±)-1-Aminoindane-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
UPF 523
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products
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ALX-550-101-M005   5 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-101-M025   25 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H11NO4
MW: 221.2
CAS NUMBER: 168560-79-0
PURITY: ≥96%
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Potent and selective ligand for group I mGluRs. Shows no effect on group II or group III mGluRs. Has no effect on ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Product Specific Literature References
1-Aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: a novel antagonist at phospholipase C-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors: R. Pellicciari, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 38, 3717 (1995) Abstract
mGluR modulation of post-traumatic neuronal death: role of NMDA receptors: A.G. Mukhin, et al.; Neuroreport 8, 2561 (1997) Abstract
Class I mGlu receptor antagonist 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid blocks contextual but not cue conditioning in rats: K.S. Nielsen, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 326, 105 (1997) Abstract
Pharmacological characterization of 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, a potent mGluR1 antagonist: F. Moroni, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 721 (1997) Abstract
Induction of LTD by activation of group l mGluR in the denate gyrus in vitro: N. Camodeca, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1597 (1999) Abstract
Metabotropic G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors as therapeutic targets: R. Pellicciari & G. Costantino; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 433 (1999), (Review) Abstract
1-Aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid and (S)-(+)-2-(3'- carboxybicyclo[1.1.1] pentyl)-glycine, two mGlu1 receptor-preferring antagonists, reduce neuronal death in in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischaemia: D.E. Pellegrini-Giampietro, et al.; Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 3637 (1999) Abstract
Evaluation of agonists and antagonists acting at Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the thalamus in vivo: T.E. Salt, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1505 (1999) Abstract
Pharmacological agents acting at subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors: D.D. Schoepp, et al.; Neuropharmacology 38, 1431 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic) / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-112 Revised 29-Nov-07
Anabasine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 3-(2-Piperidinyl)pyridine
2-(3-Pyridyl)piperidine
Neonicotine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-350-112-M025   25 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-112-M100   100 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H14N2 . HCl
MW: 162.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 15251-47-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 619
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Anabasis aphylla.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Tobacco alkaloid. Potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Insecticide.
Product Specific Literature References
Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro: R.L. Barbieri, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 77, 1727 (1986) Abstract
Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy: P. Jacob, 3rd, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11, 1668 (2002) Abstract
Anabasine, a selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, antagonizes MK-801-elicited mouse popping behavior, an animal model of schizophrenia: J. Mastropaolo, et al.; Behav. Brain Res. 153, 419 (2004) Abstract
Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of anabasine, nicotine, and nicotine metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: X. Xu, et al.; Clin. Chem. 50, 2323 (2004) Abstract
Anabasine toxicity from a topical folk remedy: N.G. Murphy, et al.; Clin. Pediatr. (Phila) 45, 669 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-550-143 Revised 19-Aug-02
Benztropine . mesylate
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PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic) / Related Products
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ALX-550-143-G001   1 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H25NO . CH3SO3H
MW: 307.4 . 96.1
CAS NUMBER: 132-17-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1121
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Inhibits the dopamine transporter.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Dopaminergics & Dopamine Receptors / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-181 Revised 12-May-03
1-Benzyl-1-methyl-4-cyclopentylmethoxycarbonyl-piperidinium bromide
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SYNONYMS BMCP
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholinergics / Related Products
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ALX-550-181-M005   5 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H30NO2Br
MW: 396.4
PURITY: ≥98%
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Potent inhibitor of the active transport of acetylcholine by synaptic vesicles.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of acetylcholine storage by acetylcholine analogs in vitro: G.A. Rogers & S.M. Parsons; Mol. Pharmacol. 36, 333 (1989) Abstract
 
 
ALX-630-075 Revised 10-Oct-08
α-Bungarotoxin
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SYNONYMS α-BuTx
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-075-M001   1 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Val-Cys-His-Thr-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ala-Val-Thr-Cys-Pro-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asn-Leu-Cys-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Met-Trp-Cys-Asp-Ala-Phe-Cys-Ser-Ser-Arg-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly-Cys-Ala-Ala-Thr-Cys-Pro-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Val-Thr-Cys-Cys-Ser-Thr-Asp-Lys-Cys-Asn-Pro-His-Pro-Lys-Gln-Arg-Pro-Gly-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys23, Cys16-Cys44, Cys29-Cys33, Cys48-Cys59 and Cys60-Cys65)
MW: 7984.2
CAS NUMBER: 11032-79-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1488
RTECS: EI6201400
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bungarus multicinctus.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Post-synaptic neurotoxin that binds irreversibly to acetylcholine receptor sites, producing neuromuscular blockade and skeletal muscle paralysis. Prevents opening of nicotinic receptor-associated ion channels.
Product Specific Literature References
Use of a snake venom toxin to characterize the cholinergic receptor protein: J.P. Changeux, et al.; PNAS 67, 1241 (1970) Abstract
Amino acid sequence of alpha-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus: D. Mebs, et al.; BBRC 44, 711 (1971) Abstract
Elapid neurotoxins. Purification, characterization, and immunochemical studies of alpha-bungarotoxin: D.G. Clark, et al.; Biochemistry 11, 1663 (1972) Abstract
Purification, properties and amino acid sequence of alpha-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus: D. Mebs, et al.; Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 353, 243 (1972) Abstract
alpha-Bungarotoxin binding sites in the CNS: B.J. Morley, et al.; Life Sci. 24, 859 (1979) Abstract
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding and central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: R.E. Oswald & J.A. Freeman; Neuroscience 6, 1 (1981) Abstract
Determination of the primary amino acid sequence specifying the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site on the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica: P.T. Wilson, et al.; PNAS 82, 8790 (1985) Abstract
The crystal structure of alpha-bungarotoxin at 2.5 A resolution: relation to solution structure and binding to acetylcholine receptor: R.A. Love & R.M. Stroud; Protein Eng. 1, 37 (1986) Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin sites: M. Quik & S. Geertsen; Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 66, 971 (1988) Abstract
The fall and rise of neuronal alpha-bungarotoxin binding proteins: P.B. Clarke; TIPS 13, 407 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Three subtypes of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in chick retina: K.T. Keyser, et al.; J. Neurosci. 13, 442 (1993) Abstract
Neuronal acetylcholine receptors that bind alpha-bungarotoxin mediate neurite retraction in a calcium-dependent manner: P.C. Pugh and D.K. Berg; J. Neurosci. 14, 889 (1994) Abstract
The alpha-bungarotoxin binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: analysis using a phage-epitope library: M. Balass, et al.; PNAS 94, 6054 (1997) Abstract
Nicotine blocks TNF-alpha-mediated neuroprotection to NMDA by an alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive pathway: N.G. Carlson, et al.; J. Neurobiol. 35, 29 (1998) Abstract
Alpha-Bungarotoxin binding to human muscle acetylcholine receptor measurement of affinity, delineation of AChR subunit residues crucial to binding, and protection of AChR function by synthetic peptide: A. Vincent, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 32, 427 (1998) Abstract
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptor membranes studied by low angle X-ray diffraction: H.S. Young, et al.; Biophys. J. 83, 943 (2003) Abstract
Imaging of receptor trafficking by using alpha-bungarotoxin-binding-site-tagged receptors: Y. Sekine-Aizawa & R. L. Huganir; PNAS 101, 17114 (2004) Abstract
The cholinergic antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin also binds and blocks a subset of GABA receptors: C.M. McCann, et al.; PNAS 103, 5149 (2006) Abstract
MD and NMR studies of alpha-bungarotoxin surface accessibility: V. Venditti, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 356, 114 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-046 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin GI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-046-C500   500 µg 440.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Glu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Arg-His-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2 . HCl
(Disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys7and Cys3-Cys13)
FORMULA: C55H80N20O18S4
MW: 1437.6
RTECS: GL1500000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus geographus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White amorphous powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Peptide toxins from Conus geographus venom: W.R. Gray, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 256, 4734 (1981) Abstract
Primary and secondary structure of conotoxin GI, a neurotoxic tridecapeptide from a marine snail: Y. Nishiuchi & S. Sakakibara; FEBS Lett. 148, 260 (1982) Abstract
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 2305 (2004), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins as selective probes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subclasses: R.W. Janes; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 280 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PeptidesAcetylcholine Receptors Other ProductsMarine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-048 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin MI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-048-C500   500 µg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Arg-Cys-Cys-His-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Lys-Asn-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys8and Cys4-Cys14)
FORMULA: C58H86N22O17S4
MW: 1491.7
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus magus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Isolation and structure of a peptide toxin from the marine snail Conus magus: M. McIntosh, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 218, 329 (1982) Abstract
Synthesis of conotoxin MI and GII: structure-activity relationship of conotoxins: Y. Nishiuchi & S. Sakakibara; Peptide Chemistry (Edited by E. Munekata) Protein Research Foundation, Osaka 1983, 191 (1984)
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 2305 (2004), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins as selective probes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subclasses: R.W. Janes; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 280 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PeptidesAcetylcholine Receptors Other ProductsMarine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-049 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin SI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-049-C500   500 µg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys7and Cys3-Cys13)
FORMULA: C55H83N16O16S4
MW: 1352.6
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus striatus.
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Phylogenetic specificity of cholinergic ligands: alpha-conotoxin SI: G.C. Zafaralla, et al.; Biochemistry 27, 7102 (1988) Abstract
Synthesis of .alpha.-conotoxin SI, a bicyclic tridecapeptide amide with two disulfide bridges: illustration of novel protection schemes and oxidation strategies: M.C. Munson & G. Barany; JACS 115, 10203 (1993)
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; E