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Neuroactive Agents
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ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-630-001 Revised 10-Oct-08
ω-Agatoxin IVA
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-001-C100   100 µg 580.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Cys-Ile-Ala-Lys-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Cys-Lys-Trp-Gly-Gly-Thr-Pro-Cys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-Cys-Ile-Cys-Ser-Ile-Met-Gly-Thr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Cys-Lys-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ile-Met-Glu-Gly-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys20, Cys12-Cys25, Cys19-Cys36 and Cys27-Cys34)
FORMULA: C217H360N68O60S10
MW: 5202.3
CAS NUMBER: 145017-83-0
RTECS: AW8050000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Agelenopsis aperta.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Selective P-type Ca2+ channel blocker. Fast acting and potent eurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
P-type calcium channels blocked by the spider toxin omega-Aga-IVA: I.M. Mintz, et al.; Nature 355, 827 (1992) Abstract
Calcium channels coupled to glutamate release identified by omega-Aga- IVA: T.J. Turner, et al.; Science 258, 310 (1992) Abstract
Synthesis of omega-agatoxin IVA and its related peptides: H. Nishio, et al.; BBRC 196, 1447 (1993) Abstract
Interactions of polyamines with neuronal ion channels: R.H. Scott, et al.; TINS 16, 153 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Different types of calcium channels mediate central synaptic transmission: T. Takahashi & A. Momiyama; Nature 366, 156 (1993) Abstract
Sequential assignment and structure determination of spider toxin omega- Aga-IVB: H. Yu, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 13123 (1993) Abstract
Calcium channel diversity and neurotransmitter release: the omega-conotoxins and omega-agatoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63, 823 (1994) Abstract
Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons: K. Dunlap, et al.; TINS 18, 89 (1995), (Review) Abstract
P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA protects against brain injury after focal ischemia in rats: K. Asakura, et al.; Brain Res. 776, 140 (1997) Abstract
Agatoxin-IVA-sensitive calcium channels mediate the presynaptic and postsynaptic nicotinic activation of cardiac vagal neurons: J. Wang, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 85, 164 (2001) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+ Channels (P / Q-type)
 
 
ALX-270-449 Revised 20-Mar-07
2-Amino-4-methylpyridine
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SYNONYMS 2-Amino-4-picoline
PRODUCT LINE Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)
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ALX-270-449-G001   1 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H8N2
MW: 108.1
CAS NUMBER: 695-34-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 466
RTECS: TJ5150000
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for 3 years after receipt when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description

Potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) both in vitro and in vivo. Analgesic agent.
Product Specific Literature References
2-Amino-4-methylpyridine as a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase activity in vitro and in vivo: W.S. Faraci, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 119, 1101 (1996) Abstract
Analgesic activity of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, a novel NO synthase inhibitor: E.R. Pettipher, et al.; Inflamm. Res. 46 Suppl 2, S135 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase aggravates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: effect of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine: S.Y. Saad, et al.; Chemotherapy 48, 309 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Analgesic / Anti-nociceptive Agents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-340-042 Revised 07-Jan-06
Arvanil
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SYNONYMS N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists & Antagonists / Related Products
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ALX-340-042-M005   5 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H41NO3
MW: 439.6
CAS NUMBER: 128007-31-8
PURITY: ≥98%
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep cool and dry.

Product Description
"Hybrid" activator of CB1 receptor (CB1: Ki=0.5µM; CB2: Ki=>15µM) and TRPV1 (Ki=0.3µM). Also inhibits anandamide uptake (IC50=3.6µM) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) (IC50=3µM). Analgesic, vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory in vivo. Apoptosis inducer.
Product Specific Literature References
Unsaturated long-chain N-acyl-vanillyl-amides (N-AVAMs): vanilloid receptor ligands that inhibit anandamide-facilitated transport and bind to CB1 cannabinoid receptors: D. Melck, et al.; BBRC 262, 275 (1999) Abstract
Neurobehavioral activity in mice of N-vanillyl-arachidonyl-amide: V. Di Marzo, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 406, 363 (2000) Abstract
A structure/activity relationship study on arvanil, an endocannabinoid and vanilloid hybrid: V. Di Marzo, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 300, 984 (2002) Abstract
The CB1/VR1 agonist arvanil induces apoptosis through an FADD/caspase-8-dependent pathway: R. Sancho, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 140, 1035 (2003) Abstract
Evidence against the presence of an anandamide transporter: S.T. Glaser, et al.; PNAS 100, 4269 (2003) Abstract
Arvanil, a hybrid endocannabinoid and vanilloid compound, behaves as an antihyperkinetic agent in a rat model of Huntington's disease: E. de Lago, et al.; Brain Res. 1050, 210 (2005) Abstract
Arvanil inhibits T lymphocyte activation and ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A.M. Malfitano, et al.; J. Neuroimmunol. 171, 110 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Anandamide Uptake Inhibitors • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Analgesic / Anti-nociceptive Agents / Related Products • Anti-inflammatory Agents Other Products • Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase [FAAH] / Related Products
 
 
ALX-380-126 Revised 17-Jul-08 New product
Asperloxine A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics Other Products
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ALX-380-126-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H19N3O5
MW: 393.4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, methanol or acetone.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description

Natural benzodiazepine. Anti-inflammatory.
Product Specific Literature References
Big effects from small changes: possible ways to explore nature’s chemical diversity: H.B. Bode, et al.; Chembiochem. 3, 619 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Benzodiazepines / Related Products • Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [NSAIDS]
 
 
ALX-630-075 Revised 10-Oct-08
α-Bungarotoxin
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SYNONYMS α-BuTx
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-075-M001   1 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Val-Cys-His-Thr-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ala-Val-Thr-Cys-Pro-Pro-Gly-Glu-Asn-Leu-Cys-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Met-Trp-Cys-Asp-Ala-Phe-Cys-Ser-Ser-Arg-Gly-Lys-Val-Val-Glu-Leu-Gly-Cys-Ala-Ala-Thr-Cys-Pro-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Val-Thr-Cys-Cys-Ser-Thr-Asp-Lys-Cys-Asn-Pro-His-Pro-Lys-Gln-Arg-Pro-Gly-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys23, Cys16-Cys44, Cys29-Cys33, Cys48-Cys59 and Cys60-Cys65)
MW: 7984.2
CAS NUMBER: 11032-79-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1488
RTECS: EI6201400
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bungarus multicinctus.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Post-synaptic neurotoxin that binds irreversibly to acetylcholine receptor sites, producing neuromuscular blockade and skeletal muscle paralysis. Prevents opening of nicotinic receptor-associated ion channels.
Product Specific Literature References
Use of a snake venom toxin to characterize the cholinergic receptor protein: J.P. Changeux, et al.; PNAS 67, 1241 (1970) Abstract
Amino acid sequence of alpha-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus: D. Mebs, et al.; BBRC 44, 711 (1971) Abstract
Elapid neurotoxins. Purification, characterization, and immunochemical studies of alpha-bungarotoxin: D.G. Clark, et al.; Biochemistry 11, 1663 (1972) Abstract
Purification, properties and amino acid sequence of alpha-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus: D. Mebs, et al.; Hoppe Seylers Z. Physiol. Chem. 353, 243 (1972) Abstract
alpha-Bungarotoxin binding sites in the CNS: B.J. Morley, et al.; Life Sci. 24, 859 (1979) Abstract
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding and central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: R.E. Oswald & J.A. Freeman; Neuroscience 6, 1 (1981) Abstract
Determination of the primary amino acid sequence specifying the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site on the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica: P.T. Wilson, et al.; PNAS 82, 8790 (1985) Abstract
The crystal structure of alpha-bungarotoxin at 2.5 A resolution: relation to solution structure and binding to acetylcholine receptor: R.A. Love & R.M. Stroud; Protein Eng. 1, 37 (1986) Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin sites: M. Quik & S. Geertsen; Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 66, 971 (1988) Abstract
The fall and rise of neuronal alpha-bungarotoxin binding proteins: P.B. Clarke; TIPS 13, 407 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Three subtypes of alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed in chick retina: K.T. Keyser, et al.; J. Neurosci. 13, 442 (1993) Abstract
Neuronal acetylcholine receptors that bind alpha-bungarotoxin mediate neurite retraction in a calcium-dependent manner: P.C. Pugh and D.K. Berg; J. Neurosci. 14, 889 (1994) Abstract
The alpha-bungarotoxin binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: analysis using a phage-epitope library: M. Balass, et al.; PNAS 94, 6054 (1997) Abstract
Nicotine blocks TNF-alpha-mediated neuroprotection to NMDA by an alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive pathway: N.G. Carlson, et al.; J. Neurobiol. 35, 29 (1998) Abstract
Alpha-Bungarotoxin binding to human muscle acetylcholine receptor measurement of affinity, delineation of AChR subunit residues crucial to binding, and protection of AChR function by synthetic peptide: A. Vincent, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 32, 427 (1998) Abstract
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptor membranes studied by low angle X-ray diffraction: H.S. Young, et al.; Biophys. J. 83, 943 (2003) Abstract
Imaging of receptor trafficking by using alpha-bungarotoxin-binding-site-tagged receptors: Y. Sekine-Aizawa & R. L. Huganir; PNAS 101, 17114 (2004) Abstract
The cholinergic antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin also binds and blocks a subset of GABA receptors: C.M. McCann, et al.; PNAS 103, 5149 (2006) Abstract
MD and NMR studies of alpha-bungarotoxin surface accessibility: V. Venditti, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun . 356, 114 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-050 Revised 10-Oct-08
β-Bungarotoxin
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SYNONYMS β-BuTx
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-050-M001   1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: 6979.0
CAS NUMBER: 12778-32-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1488
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bungarus multicinctus.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Presynaptic, neurotoxic phospholipase A2 activity.
Product Specific Literature References
Use of a snake venom toxin to characterize the cholinergic receptor protein: J.P. Changeux, et al.; PNAS 67, 1241 (1970) Abstract
Amino acid sequence of alpha-bungarotoxin from the venom of Bungarus multicinctus: D. Mebs, et al; BBRC 44, 711 (1971) Abstract
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding and central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: R.E. Oswald; Neuroscience 6, 1 (1981) Abstract
Amino acid sequence of beta 2-bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus venom. The amino acid substitutions in the B chains: K. Kondo, et al.; J. Biochem. 91, 1519 (1982) Abstract
Amino acid sequences of three beta-bungarotoxins (beta 3-, beta 4-, and beta 5- bungarotoxins) from Bungarus multicinctus venom. Amino acid substitutions in the A chains: K. Kondo; J. Biochem. 91, 1531 (1982) Abstract
Biochemical and electrophysiological demonstrations of the actions of beta-bungarotoxin on synapses in brain: J.V. Halliwell; J. Neurochem. 39, 543 (1982) Abstract
Solubilization and characterization of the beta-bungarotoxin-binding protein of chick brain membranes: H. Rehm & H. Betz; J. Biol. Chem. 259, 6865 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Beta-bungarotoxin inhibits a non-inactivating potassium current in guinea pig dorsal root ganglion neurones: M. Petersen, et al.; Neurosci. Lett. 68, 141 (1986) Abstract
Cross-linking of beta-bungarotoxin to chick brain membranes. Identification of subunits of a putative voltage-gated K+ channel: R.R. Schmidt & H. Betz; Biochemistry 28, 8346 (1989) Abstract
Nucleotide sequence encoding beta-bungarotoxin A2-chain from the venom glands of Bungarus multicinctus: J.M. Danse, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 18, 4609 (1990) Abstract
Potassium channel toxins: P.N. Strong; Pharmacol. Ther. 46, 137 (1990), (Review) Abstract
Mechanism of action of beta-bungarotoxin, a presynaptically acting phospholipase A2 neurotoxin: its effect on protein phosphorylation in rat brain synaptosomes: E. Ueno & P. Rosenberg; Toxicon 34, 1219 (1996) Abstract
What does beta-bungarotoxin do at the neuromuscular junction?: E.G. Rowan; Toxicon 39, 107 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Induction by beta-bungarotoxin of apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons is mediated by Ca(2+)-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species: O. Shakhman, et al.; J. Neurochem. 87, 598 (2003) Abstract
Phospholipase A(2) activity of beta-bungarotoxin is essential for induction of cytotoxicity on cerebellar granule neurons: Y.J. Chen; J. Neurobiol. 64, 213 (2005) Abstract
Mechanism of beta-bungarotoxin in facilitating spontaneous transmitter release at neuromuscular synapse: J.C. Liou, et al.; Neuropharmacology 51, 671 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors • PLA2
 
 
ALX-550-144 Revised 09-Dec-04
Buspirone . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 8-[4-[4-(2-Pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane-7,9-dione . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Serotonergics & Serotonin Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-550-144-G001   1 g 48.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H31N5O2 . HCl
MW: 385.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 33386-08-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1504
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist.
Product Specific Literature References
The discovery and development of buspirone: a new approach to the treatment of anxiety: J.S. New; Med. Res. Rev. 10, 283 (1990), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Dopaminergics & Dopamine Receptors / Related Products • Benzodiazepines / Related Products • Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-322 Revised 11-Nov-08
Caffeine
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SYNONYMS 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine
3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-550-322-G005   5 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C8H10N4O2
MW: 194.2
CAS NUMBER: 58-08-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1636
SOURCE/HOST: Found in tea leaves, coffee beans, cocoa beans, maté leaves, guarana paste and kola nuts.
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to colorless powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform, 100% alcohol or hot water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by NIR.

Product Description
CNS stimulant. Blocks adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Interferes with the uptake and storage of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. Prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by various chemicals. Inhibits cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory.
Product Specific Literature References
Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors: J.W. Daly, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 29, 1305 (1986) Abstract
Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant: a review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action: J. Sawynok & T.L. Yaksh; Pharmacol. Rev. 45, 43 (1993) Abstract
Caffeine prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by camptothecin or topotecan in HL-60 cells: F. Traganos, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 4613 (1993) Abstract
Multiple effects of caffeine on calcium current in rat ventricular myocytes: I. Zahradnik & P. Palade; Pfluegers Arch. 424, 129 (1993) Abstract
Acute effects of caffeine on arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and central aortic pressures: T.G. Papaioannou, et al.; Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 129 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Caffeine and the dopaminergic system: O. Cauli & M. Morelli; Behav. Pharmacol. 16, 63 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of caffeine: friend or foe: L. A. Horrigan, et al.; Pharmacol. Ther. 111, 877 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: A. Kalda, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 248, 9 (2006), (Review) Abstract
The enigmatic effects of caffeine in cell cycle and cancer: A. M. &