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ALX-620-051 Revised 30-Jun-08
Bisbenzimide H33258 . trihydrochloride
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SYNONYMS HOE 33258
2'-4-(Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,5'-bis-1H-benzimidazole . 3HCl
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-620-051-M010   10 mg 22.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-620-051-M050   50 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C25H24N6O . 3HCl
MW: 424.4 . 109.4
CAS NUMBER: 23491-45-4
RTECS: SM1140500
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to greenish powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE MUTAGENIC. HARMFUL.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by IR and 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Cell permeable fluorescent dye with low cytotoxicity. Useful for staining DNA, chromosomes and nuclei [1,2]. Can be used with chromomycin A3 (Prod. No. ALX-380-055) to distinguish chromosomes by their total DNA concentration and their DNA base composition [3,4]. Binds to A:T pairs in DNA. Also useful for controlling gene expression through binding to RNA aptamers inserted into 5' untranslated region of a messenger RNA [5]. Increases the rate of channel-mediated Ca2+ efflux from junctional cytoplasmic reticulum vesicles [6]. Ex(max): 346nm; Em(max): 460nm.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Spectral studies on 33258 Hoechst and related bisbenzimidazole dyes useful for fluorescent detection of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: S.A. Latt & G. Stetten; J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24, 24 (1976) Abstract
[2] Comparison of cellular and nuclear flow cytometric techniques for discriminating apoptotic subpopulations: K.H. Elstein & R.M. Zucker; Exp. Cell. Res. 211, 322 (1994) Abstract
[3] Bacterial characterization by flow cytometry: M.A. Van Dilla, et al.; Science 220, 620 (1983) Abstract
[4] Determination of guanine-plus-cytosine content of bacterial DNA by dual-laser flow cytometry: C.A. Sanders, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 359 (1990) Abstract
[5] Controlling gene expression in living cells through small molecule-RNA interactions: G. Werstuck & M.R. Green; Science 282, 296 (1998) Abstract
[6] Activation and inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel by the polycationic dyes Hoechst 33342 and Hoechst 33258: T.J. Beeler & K. Gable; J. Membr. Biol. 135, 109 (1993) Abstract
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other ProductsMDR Other Products
 
 
ALX-620-050 Revised 02-Sep-05
Bisbenzimide H33342 . trihydrochloride
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SYNONYMS HOE 33342
2'-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,5'-bis-1H-benzimidazole . 3HCl
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-620-050-M010   10 mg 22.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-620-050-M050   50 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H28N6O . 3HCl
MW: 452.6 . 109.4
CAS NUMBER: 23491-52-3
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Yellow to green powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Cell permeable fluorescent dye that binds to A:T pairs in DNA [1]. Useful for the simultaneous study of the cell cycle and apoptosis in unfixed cells [2]. Also useful for controlling gene expression through binding to RNA aptamers inserted into 5' untranslated region of a messenger RNA [3]. Induces cell differentiation. About 10 times more cell permeable than bisbenzimide H33258 (Prod. No. ALX-620-051). Ex(max): 346nm; Em(max): 460nm.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Spectral studies on 33258 Hoechst and related bisbenzimidazole dyes useful for fluorescent detection of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: S.A. Latt & G. Stetten; J. Histochem. Cytochem. 24, 24 (1976) Abstract
[2] A flow cytometric method using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide for simultaneous cell cycle analysis and apoptosis determination in unfixed cells: F. Belloc, et al.; Cytometry 17, 59 (1994) Abstract
[3] Controlling gene expression in living cells through small molecule-RNA interactions: G. Werstuck & M.R. Green; Science 282, 296 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other ProductsMDR Other Products
 
 
ALX-385-031 Revised 07-Oct-08
Diosmin
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SYNONYMS 3’,5,7-Trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone 7-rutinoside
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavones
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ALX-385-031-G005   5 g 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-385-031-G025   25 g 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H32O15
MW: 608.5
CAS NUMBER: 520-27-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3297
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Citrus aurantium L. and Citrus reticulate Blanca.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Light yellow to brown yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
IDENTITY: Determined by IR.

Product Description

Flavonoid glycoside. Reduces venous hyperpressure. Reduces capillary hyperpermeability and the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1). Effectively inhibits the P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated efflux in cells. Anti-inflammatory.

Product Specific Literature References
Clinical trial of oral diosmin (Daflon) in the treatment of hemorrhoids: W. Thanapongsathorn & T. Vajrabukka; Dis. Colon Rectum 35, 1085 (1992) Abstract
Amine uptake inhibition by diosmin and diosmetin in human neuronal and neuroendocrine cell lines: E. Sher, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 26, 395 (1992) Abstract
Antioxidant activity of micronized diosmin on oxygen species from stimulated human neutrophils: B. Cypriani, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 1531 (1993) Abstract
Diosmin-induced increase in sensitivity to Ca2+ of the smooth muscle contractile apparatus in the rat isolated femoral vein: J.P. Savineau & R. Marthan; Br. J. Pharmacol. 111, 978 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Venous elasticity after treatment with Daflon 500 mg: V. Ibegbuna, et al.; Angiology 48, 45 (1997) Abstract
Chemopreventive effects of diosmin and hesperidin on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary-bladder carcinogenesis in male ICR mice: M. Yang, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 73, 719 (1997) Abstract
Diosmin and diosmetin are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that differentially affect cytochrome P450 1A1 activity: H.P. Ciolino, et al.; Cancer Res. 58, 2754 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Modulation by phytochemicals of cytochrome P450-linked enzyme activity: R.W. Teel & H. Huynh; Cancer Lett. 133, 135 (1998) Abstract
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cytotoxicity by diosmin: M.F. Melzig & R. Loose; Pharmazie 54, 298 (1999) Abstract
Anti-inflammatory activity of diosmin and hesperidin in rat colitis induced by TNBS: M.E. Crespo, et al.; Planta Med. 65, 651 (1999) Abstract
Further investigation of the modifying effect of various chemopreventive agents on apoptosis and cell proliferation in human colon cancer cells: Q. Zheng, et al.; J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 128, 539 (2002) Abstract
The effect of diosmin hesperidin on intestinal ischaemia--reperfusion injury: M. Pehlivan, et al.; Acta Chir. Belg. 104, 715 (2004) Abstract
Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tangeretin, rutin, and diosmin: C. Martinez Conesa, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 6791 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-430-161 Revised 15-Sep-08 New product
Flavopiridol
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SYNONYMS Alvocidib
(-)-2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
PRODUCT LINE Cell Cycle
PRODUCT CATEGORY CDK & Cyclin Inhibitors
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ALX-430-161-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-161-M025   25 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20ClNO5
MW: 401.8
CAS NUMBER: 146426-40-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4094
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description

Potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases  (CDKs). Induces apoptosis in certain tumor cells. Interacts with multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1).

Product Specific Literature References
Structural basis for specificity and potency of a flavonoid inhibitor of human CDK2, a cell cycle kinase: W.F. Jr. De Azevedo, et al.; PNAS 93, 2735 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Flavopiridol induces G1 arrest with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and CDK4 in human breast carcinoma cells: B.A. Carlson, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2973 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Flavopiridol: a cytotoxic flavone that induces cell death in noncycling A549 human lung carcinoma cells: K.C. Bible & S.H. Kaufmann; Cancer Res. 56, 4856 (1996) Abstract; Full Text
Flavopiridol (L86-8275): selective antitumor activity in vitro and activity in vivo for prostate carcinoma cells: M. Drees, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 273 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
The novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol downregulates Bcl-2 and induces growth arrest and apoptosis in chronic B-cell leukemia lines: A. König, et al.; Blood 90, 4307 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Flavopiridol induces apoptosis of normal lymphoid cells, causes immunosuppression, and has potent antitumor activity In vivo against human leukemia and lymphoma xenografts: F. Arguello, et al.; Blood 91, 2482 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Cell cycle-independent induction of apoptosis by the anti-tumor drug Flavopiridol in endothelial cells: S. Brüsselbach, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 77, 146 (1998) Abstract
Flavopiridol induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via activation of caspase-3 without evidence of bcl-2 modulation or dependence on functional p53: J.C. Byrd, et al.; Blood 92, 3804 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Identification of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 from non-small cell lung carcinomas as a flavopiridol-binding protein: J.B. Schnier, et al.; FEBS Lett. 454, 100 (1999) Abstract
Potent interaction of flavopiridol with MRP1: J.H. Hooijberg, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 81, 269 (1999) Abstract
Flavopiridol: the first cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in human clinical trials: A.M. Senderowicz; Invest. New Drugs 17, 313 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Protein kinase inhibitors flavopiridol and 7-hydroxy-staurosporine down-regulate antiapoptosis proteins in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: S. Kitada, et al.; Blood 96, 393 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Flavopiridol, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, enhances radiosensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells: U. Raju, et al.; Cancer Res. 63, 3263 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Potential use of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as anti-HIV therapeutics: A. Pumrery, et al.; Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 1949 (2006) Abstract
Flavopiridol synergizes TRAIL cytotoxicity by downregulation of FLIPL: T.E. Fandy, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 60, 313 (2007) Abstract
Successful treatment of animal models of rheumatoid arthritis with small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: C. Sekine, et al.; J. Immunol. 180, 1954 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
FlavonesAntitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)MDR Other Products
 
 
ALX-620-002 Revised 04-Feb-05
FLUO 3 . pentaammonium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5NH3
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-002-M001   1 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H30Cl2N2O13 . 5 NH3
MW: 769.6 . 85.2
CAS NUMBER: 134907-84-9
PURITY: ≥75%
APPEARANCE: Reddish brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alkaline solution.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Ca2+ chelator and indicator. Designed to operate at longer wavelengths of excitation. Among the advantages that it offers are the suitability of argon laser sources for excitations, less interference from endogenous autofluorescence, and the possibility of using other fluorescent probes simultaneously. As with QUIN 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-006), this chelator responds to Ca2+ without significant changes in excitation or emission maxima hence ratioing techniques cannot be used for the estimation of Ca2+ concentrations. A unique feature of FLUO 3 is that both the acetoxymethyl ester (FLUO 3/AM) and the uncomplexed chelator (FLUO 3) are only weakly fluorescent, but chelation with Ca2+ produces a strong enhancement of fluorescence.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
Fluorescence measurement and photochemical manipulation of cytosolic free calcium: R.Y. Tsien; TINS 11, 419 (1988) Abstract
Kinetics of calcium binding to fluo-3 determined by stopped-flow fluorescence: M. Eberhard & P. Erne; BBRC 163, 309 (1989) Abstract
Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores: A. Minta, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8171 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3: J.P.Y. Kao, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8179 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Use of fluo-3 to measure cytosolic Ca2+ in platelets and neutrophils. Loading cells with the dye, calibration of traces, measurements in the presence of plasma, and buffering of cytosolic Ca2+: J.E. Merritt, et al.; Biochem. J. 269, 513 (1990) Abstract
Improved method for measuring intracellular Ca++ with fluo-3: G.T. Rijkers, et al.; Cytometry 11, 923 (1990) Abstract
Control of mitochondrial matrix calcium: studies using fluo-3 as a fluorescent calcium indicator: A. Saavedra-Molina, et al.; BBRC 167, 148 (1990) Abstract
Effects of photolabile calcium chelators on fluorescent calcium indicators: R.S. Zucker; Cell Calcium 13, 29 (1992) Abstract
 
 
ALX-620-003 Revised 15-Jan-08
FLUO 3/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[Amino-5-(2,7-dichloro-6-acetomethoxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxy-methyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-003-M001   1 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C51H50Cl2N2O23
MW: 1129.9
CAS NUMBER: 121714-22-5
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (0.9mg/ml) and acetonitrile (2mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of FLUO 3 (Prod. No. ALX-620-002). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is quickly metabolized by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant FLUO 3.
Product Specific Literature References
Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3: J.P.Y. Kao, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8179 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: long-range glial signaling: A.H. Cornell-Bell, et al.; Science 247, 470 (1990) Abstract
Control of mitochondrial matrix calcium: studies using fluo-3 as a fluorescent calcium indicator: A. Saavedra-Molina, et al.; BBRC 167, 148 (1990) Abstract
Flow cytometric measurement of cytoplasmic free calcium in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes with fluo-3, a new fluorescent calcium indicator: P.A. Vadenberghe & J.L. Ceuppens; J. Immunol. Meth. 127, 197 (1990) Abstract
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha induces calcium oscillation and calcium-activated chloride current in human neutrophils. The role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase: M.A. Schumann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2134 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

General Protocol (for Human T cells)
Reagents:
2mM Fluo 3/AM/DMSO (1mg Fluo 3/AM in 442μl DMSO)
Pluronic F127
Hanks-balanced salt solution (HBSS)
HEPES buffer saline (10mM HEPES, 1mM Na2HPO4, 137mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 1mM CaCl2, 0.5mM MgCl2, 5mM glucose, 0.1% BSA, pH 7.4)

Protocol:
1. Add 16.5mg Pluronic F127 to Fluo 3/AM/DMSO solution. Pluronic F127 prevents aggregation of Fluo 3/AM in HBSS and helps uptake with cells.
2. Dilute the Fluo 3/AM solution with HBSS to prepare 4 mM Fluo 3/AM working solution.
3. Add the Fluo 3/AM working solution to the cells, and incubate at 37 ºC for 20min.
4. Add 5 volumes of HBSS containing 1% fetal calf serum, and continue the incubation for another 40min.
5. Wash the cells 3 times with HEPES buffer saline. Then resuspend the cells to prepare 1x105 cells/ml solution using HEPES buffer saline.
6. Incubate at 37ºC for 10min. Then use the cells for fluorescent calcium ion detection.
7. Monitor the fluorescence at 528nm (excitation: 490-500nm)

Cell staining conditions differ by cell types, so it is necessary to optimize the conditions for each experiment.



 
 
ALX-620-004 Revised 21-May-08
FURA 2 . pentapotassium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-(5-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methyl-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5K
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-004-M001   1 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H22N3O14 . 5K
MW: 636.5 . 195.5
CAS NUMBER: 113694-64-7
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY:

Identity determined by NMR and fluorescence.


Product Description
Ca2+ chelator that offers more than 30-fold greater fluorescence intensity than QUIN 2, (Prod. No. ALX-620-006), allowing much smaller amounts to be used and minimizes toxic effects and other artifacts. Shows a strong shift in UV absorption maxima on chelation of Ca2+. Ca2+ concentration has been shown to be closely correlated to the ratios of fluorescence, measured at ~510nm, when excitated at 340nm and at 380nm. This ratioing method allows estimation of Ca2+ concentration independent of the dye concentration. Used in many cellular systems, including cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and medullary collecting tubules.
Product Specific Literature References
Spontaneous and experimentally evoked [Ca2+]i-transients in cardiac myocytes measured by means of a fast Fura-2 technique: S. Bals, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 385 (1990) Abstract
Measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells using Fura-2 and digital imaging microscopy: W.F. Goldman, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 221 (1990) Abstract
Ryanodine reveals multiple contractile and relaxant mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle: simultaneous measurements of mechanical activity and of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ level with fura-2: T. Hisayama, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 100, 677 (1990) Abstract
Cholinergic agonists increase cell calcium in rat medullary collecting tubules. A fura-2 study: J. Marchetti, et al.; Pfluegers Arch. 416, 561 (1990) Abstract
Estimation of intracellular calcium activity in confluent monolayers of primary cultures of quail medullary bone osteoclasts: S. Arkle, et al.; Exp. Physiol. 79, 975 (1994) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION FURA 2 pentapotassium salt is not cell-permeable. Cells need to be loaded by pressure microinjection or permeabilized prior to use this compound. These approaches are only suggestions as optimal conditions should be determined by individual users.
 
 
ALX-620-005 Revised 22-Feb-08
FURA 2/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-(5-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methyl-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-005-M001   1 mg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C44H47N3O24
MW: 1001.9
CAS NUMBER: 108964-32-5
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetonitrile or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of FURA 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-004). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is quickly metabolized by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant FURA 2.
Product Specific Literature References
Fura-2 measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in monolayers and suspensions of various types of animal cells: A. Malgaroli, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 105, 2145 (1987) Abstract
A Ca2+-insensitive form of fura-2 associated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Assessment and accurate Ca2+ measurement: M. Scanlon, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6308 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
Intracellular calibration of the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2: D.A. Williams & F.S. Fay; Cell Calcium 11, 75 (1990) Abstract
Stretch-induced increases in intracellular calcium of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells: M.J. Davis, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 263, H1292 (1992) Abstract
Positive and negative inotropic effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate: relationship to PKC-dependence and changes in [Ca2+]i: C.A. Ward & M.P. Moffat; J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 24, 937 (1992) Abstract
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