ALEXIS Biochemicals: Podophyllotoxin

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ALX-380-292

Revised 15-Apr-08

Levofloxacin . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	(S)-(-)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido [1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid . hydrochloride S-(-)-Ofloxacin . hydrochloride

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-292-G001		1 g	30.00 USD
ALX-380-292-G005		5 g	70.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₂₀FN₃O₄. HCl
MW:	361.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	177325-13-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6771
RTECS:	UU8815550
PURITY:	≥89.5% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	Slightly yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Active enantiomer of ofloxacin with twice its potency. Inhibits bacterial DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase).

Product Specific Literature References

Levofloxacin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy: R. Davis & H.M: Bryson; Drugs 47, 677 (1994) Abstract
The clinical pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin: D.N. Fish & A.T. Chow; Clin. Pharmacokinet. 32, 101 (1997) Abstract
Levofloxacin: an updated review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections: M. Hurst, et al.; Drugs 62, 2127 (2002) Abstract
Levofloxacin : a review of its use as a high-dose, short-course treatment for bacterial infection: V.R. Anderson & C.M. Perry; Drugs 68, 535 (2008) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-380-297

Ofloxacin

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

ALX-380-293

Revised 04-Aug-08

Lomefloxacin . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	1-Ethyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-293-G001		1 g	20.00 USD
ALX-380-293-G005		5 g	80.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₉F₂N₃O₃ . HCl
MW:	351.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	98079-52-8
MERCK INDEX:	14: 5562
RTECS:	VB1997500
PURITY:	≥89% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 1M sodium hydroxide (50mg/ml); sparingly soluble in water; insoluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits bacterial DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase).

Product Specific Literature References

Mechanism of action of lomefloxacin: L.J. Piddock, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 1088 (1990) Abstract; Full Text
Antibacterial activity of lomefloxacin in a pharmacokinetic in vitro model: C. Rustige & B. Wiedemann; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 34, 1107 (1990) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

ALX-440-045

Revised 17-Jul-07

Methotrexate
SYNONYMS	(+)-Amethopterin 4-Amino-10-methylfolic acid Methylaminopterin MTX
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors)

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-440-045-M050		50 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-440-045-M100		100 mg	45.00 USD
ALX-440-045-M500		500 mg	135.00 USD
ALX-440-045-G001		1 g	240.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₂N₈O₅
MW:	454.5
CAS NUMBER:	59-05-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 5985
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in alkaline solution; insoluble in water, 100% ethanol or ether.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description

Folic acid antagonist. Potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. Induces apoptosis. Inhibits DNA synthesis. Anticancer agent.

Product Specific Literature References

Immunosuppressive properties of methotrexate: apoptosis and clonal deletion of activated peripheral T cells: L. Genestier, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 102, 322 (1998) Abstract
Methotrexate induces apoptotic cell death in human keratinocytes: M. Heenen, et al.; Arch. Dermatol. Res. 290, 240 (1998) Abstract
Activation-dependent lymphocyte apoptosis induced by methotrexate: R. Paillot, et al.; Transplant. Proc. 30, 2348 (1998) Abstract
Methotrexate inhibits the first committed step of purine biosynthesis in mitogen-stimulated human T-lymphocytes: a metabolic basis for efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis?: L.D. Fairbanks, et al.; Biochem. J. 342, 143 (1999) Abstract
Antiproliferative and antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate on cultured differentiating myeloid monocytic cells (THP-1) but not on synovial macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: M. Cutolo, et al.; J. Rheumatol. 27, 2551 (2000) Abstract
Mechanisms of action of methotrexate: L. Genestier, et al.; Immunopharmacology 47, 247 (2000) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • MDR Other Products • Folic Acid & Folate Receptors / Related Products • DNA Replication Inhibitors

ALX-380-023

Revised 19-Oct-07

Mitomycin C
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-023-M005		5 mg	98.00 USD
ALX-380-023-M010		10 mg	185.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅
MW:	334.3
CAS NUMBER:	50-07-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6215
RTECS:	CN0700000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Blue-violet crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nuclear division and cancer cells. DNA intercalating agent. Apoptosis inducer.

Product Specific Literature References

Mitomycin, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces. I: T. Hata, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 9, 141 (1956) Abstract
S.K. Carter & S.T. Crooke ; 'Mitomycin C. Current Status and New Developments', Academic Press, New York (1979)
Revised absolute configuration of mitomycin C. X-ray analysis of 1-N-(p-bromobenzoyl)mitomycin C: K. Shirahata & N. Hirayama; JACS 105, 7199 (1983)
Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by reduced mitomycin C and 7-N-(p- hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C: K. Ueda and T. Komano; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 6673 (1984) Abstract
Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA: M. Tomasz, et al.; Science 235, 1204 (1987) Abstract
The chemistry of DNA modification by antitumor antibiotics: J.F. Fisher & P.A. Aristoff; Prog. Drug Res. 32, 411 (1988) Abstract
DNA sequence specificity of mitomycin cross-linking: S.P. Teng, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 3901 (1989) Abstract
Polyoxyethylene-modified superoxide dismutase reduces side effects of adriamycin and mitomycin C: S. Kawasaki, et al.; J. Cancer Res. 83, 899 (1992) Abstract
Genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by DNA-damaging agents: J.L. McEvoy, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 174, 5471 (1992) Abstract
Elevated DT-diaphorase activity and messenger RNA content in human non- small cell lung carcinoma: relationship to the response of lung tumor xenografts to mitomycin Cl: A.M. Malkinson, et al.; Cancer Res. 52, 4752 (1992) Abstract
Mitomycins: J. Verweij, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Biol. Response Modif. 18, 46 (1999) Abstract
Mitomycin C induces apoptosis in a caspases-dependent and Fas/CD95- independent manner in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells: I.C. Park, et al.; Cancer Lett. 158, 125 (2000) Abstract
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhances mitomycin-C-induced apoptosis: C.T. Hsueh, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 45, 389 (2000) Abstract
DNA-damaging agents cause inactivation of translational regulators linked to mTOR signalling: A.R. Tee & C.G. Proud; Oncogene 19, 3021 (2000) Abstract
Re-evaluation of tumor-specific cytotoxicity of mitomycin C, bleomycin and peplomycin: M. Sasaki, et al.; Anticancer Res. 26, 3373 (2006) Abstract
Activation of the S phase DNA damage checkpoint by mitomycin C: E. Mladenov, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 211, 468 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • DNA Replication Inhibitors

ALX-400-050

Revised 07-Apr-08

Mitoxantrone . dihydrochloride
SYNONYMS	1,4-Dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9,10-anthracenedione . dihydrochloride
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-400-050-M010		10 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-400-050-M050		50 mg	80.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₂₈N₄O₆. 2HCl
MW:	444.5 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER:	70476-82-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6217
RTECS:	CB5748500
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥97%
APPEARANCE:	Blue to black crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol; insoluble in acetonitrile or acetone.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antiviral, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, immunomodulating, and antineoplastic cytostatic anthraquinone derivative. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II. Induces interstrand DNA cross-links and DNA-protein cross-links in cellular systems. Has recently been shown to be an inhibitor of DNA methylation.

Product Specific Literature References

Mitoxantrone. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in the chemotherapy of cancer: D. Faulds, et al.; Drugs 41, 400 (1991) Abstract
Mitoxantrone and ametantrone induce interstrand cross-links in DNA of tumour cells: A. Skladanowski & J. Konopa; Br. J. Cancer 82, 1300 (2000) Abstract
A comparison of the in vitro genotoxicity of anticancer drugs idarubicin and mitoxantrone: J. Blasiak, et al.; Acta Biochim. Pol. 49, 145 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
A molecular understanding of mitoxantrone-DNA adduct formation: effect of cytosine methylation and flanking sequences: B.S. Parker, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 18814 (2004) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Topoisomerase Inhibitors Other Products

ALX-804-624

Revised 20-Jun-05

Monoclonal Antibody to Doxorubicin (MAD11)
SYNONYMS	anti-DXR MAb (MAD11) anti-14-Hydroxydaunomycin MAb (MAD11) anti-Adriamycin MAb (MAD11)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-624-C100		100 µg	320.00 USD

Product Specification

CLONE:	MAD11
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG2
CONCENTRATION:
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Purified antibody containing 150mM sodium chloride and 0.02% sodium azide, pH 7.4.
IMMUNOGEN:	Doxorubicin-BSA.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes anthracycline compounds including doxorubicin analogs and derivatives.
APPLICATION:	ELISA Immunohistochemistry Functional Application: In vivo antidotic effect.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Do not freeze.

Product Specific Literature References

Monoclonal antibodies against doxorubicin: A. Balsari, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 42, 798 (1988) Abstract
A new monoclonal antibody recognizing anthracyclinic molecule: A. Balsari, et al.; Anticancer Res. 10, 129 (1990) Abstract
Anti-drug monoclonal antibodies antagonize toxic effect more than anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin: A. Balsari, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 47, 889 (1991) Abstract
An anti-doxorubicin monoclonal antibody modulates kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the drug: A. Sardini, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 50, 617 (1992) Abstract
Protection against doxorubicin-induced alopecia in rats by liposome-entrapped monoclonal antibodies: A.L. Balsari, et al.; FASEB J. 8, 226 (1994) Abstract
Effect of a bifunctional monoclonal antibody directed against a tumor marker and doxorubicin on the growth of epidermoid vulvar carcinoma grafted in athymic mice: D. Morelli, et al.; Cell Biophys. 24-25, 119 (1994) Abstract
Relevance of antibody valency in EGF receptor modulation: D. Morelli, et al.; Scand. J. Immunol. 39, 453 (1994) Abstract
Oral administration of anti-doxorubicin monoclonal antibody prevents chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in mice: D. Morelli, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2082 (1996) Abstract
Apoptosis of hair follicle cells during doxorubicin-induced alopecia in rats: R. Cece, et al.; Lab. Invest. 75, 601 (1996) Abstract
Intratibial injection of an anti-doxorubicin monoclonal antibody prevents drug-induced myelotoxicity in mice: D. Morelli, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 75, 656 (1997) Abstract
Topical administration of a doxorubicin-specific monoclonal antibody prevents drug-induced mouth apoptosis in mice: A. Balsari, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 85, 1964 (2001) Abstract
Role of proliferation in HER2 status predicted response to doxorubicin: M. Campiglio, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 105, 568 (2003) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Cancer Other Products • Topoisomerases Other Products • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Monoclonal Antibodies

ALX-801-091

Revised 29-Sep-08

Monoclonal Antibody to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PC10)
SYNONYMS	anti-PCNA MAb (PC10)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen [PCNA] / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-801-091-L001		1 ml	480.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human Mouse Rat Goat Sheep Dog Pig Monkey Others
CLONE:	PC10
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG2a
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In 0.01M PBS containing 0.1% sodium azide and 1% BSA.
IMMUNOGEN:	Recombinant rat PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen).
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes PCNA from all vertebrate species, insects and S. pombe. Intense nuclear staining of proliferating cells in normal and tumor tissues.
APPLICATION:	Immunohistochemistry (paraffin sections): Can be used for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Pretreatment is not required. Recommended dilution is ≥1:40 for biotin based detection. For optimal staining, incubate 20-60 min. at room temperature. Optimal conditions must be determined individually.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

General Information

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is associated with the DNA replication fork and its major function is described as a processivity factor for replicative DNA polymerases (polymerases δ and ε ) acting as a sliding clamp. It has a highly conserved amino acid sequence and has been identified in all eukaryotes and is being used as a proliferating marker. PCNA is also able to interact with multiple partners involved in Okazaki fragment joining, DNA repair, DNA methylation and chromatin assembly. In DNA repair PCNA has been reported not only for nucleotide excision repair (NER) (in concert with XPG and ERCC1), but also for base excision repair (BER) (binding to uracil-DNA glycosylase) and mismatch repair (MMR) (binding to mismatch repair enzymes MSH2 & MLH1). It is further associated with cell cycle control through cdk-cyclins during G1 to S phase.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Monoclonal Antibodies • Tumor Markers

ALX-804-229

Revised 11-Jan-07

Monoclonal Antibody to Rad9 (human) (93A535)
PRODUCT LINE	Cell Cycle
PRODUCT CATEGORY	DNA Damage Checkpoint Other Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-229-C100		100 µg	293.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
CLONE:	93A535
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION:	0.5mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:	Protein G-affinity purified.
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS containing 0.2% gelatin and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:	Recombinant human Rad9.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes human Rad9. Detects a band of ~50kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:	Immunocytochemistry (see [7]) Immunoprecipitation Western Blot (1-2µg/ml)
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for 6 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Images

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Product Specific Literature References

[1] Cloning and sequence analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD9 gene and further evidence that its product is required for cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage: R.H. Schiestl, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 1882 (1989) Abstract
[2] Characterization of RAD9 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evidence that its function acts posttranslationally in cell cycle arrest after DNA damage: T.A. Weinert & L.H. Hartwell; Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 6554 (1990) Abstract
[3] A human homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ checkpoint control gene: H.B. Lieberman, et al.; PNAS 93, 13890 (1996) Abstract
[4] MEC1-dependent phosphorylation of Rad9p in response to DNA damage: A. Emili; Mol. Cell 2, 183 (1998) Abstract
[5] Human homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1, hus1, and rad9 form a DNA damage-responsive protein complex: E. Volkmer & L.M. Karnitz; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 567 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
[6] The human G2 checkpoint control protein hRAD9 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that forms complexes with hRAD1 and hHUS1: R.P. St. Onge, et al.; Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 1985 (1999) Abstract
[7] Human homologue of S. pombe Rad9 interacts with BCL-2/BCL-x L and promotes apoptosis: K. Komatsu, et al.; Nature Cell Biol. 2, 1 (2000) Abstract

General Information

Rad9 is a cell cycle checkpoint protein: DNA damage leads to extensive phosphorylation of Rad9 [4] which then inhibits progression from G2 in order to preserve cell viability, allowing proper ligation of DNA breaks before the entry of cells into mitosis [1,2]. The human homolog [3] of S. pombe Rad9 is physically proximal to the upstream (DNA damage) signal and associates with two other checkpoint control proteins, Rad1 and HHUS1 [5,6]. Rad9 also interacts with Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, but not with BAX or BAD. Overexpression of Rad9 in mammalian cells leads to apoptosis, where as antisense Rad9 RNA suppresses cell death induced by methyl methanesulphonate [7].

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Replication Other Products • Monoclonal Antibodies

ALX-380-294

Revised 15-Apr-08

Nadifloxacin
SYNONYMS	9-Fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxypiperidino)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid Jinofloxacin OPC-7251

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-294-M250		250 mg	90.00 USD
ALX-380-294-G001		1 g	270.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₁FN₂O₄
MW:	360.4
CAS NUMBER: