ALEXIS Biochemicals: Tosufloxacin . tosylate

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Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Other Antibiotics - DNA Regulation / Transcription

ALX-380-023

Revised 19-Oct-07

Mitomycin C
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-023-M005		5 mg	98.00 USD
ALX-380-023-M010		10 mg	185.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅
MW:	334.3
CAS NUMBER:	50-07-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6215
RTECS:	CN0700000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Blue-violet crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, nuclear division and cancer cells. DNA intercalating agent. Apoptosis inducer.

Product Specific Literature References

Mitomycin, a new antibiotic from Streptomyces. I: T. Hata, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 9, 141 (1956) Abstract
S.K. Carter & S.T. Crooke ; 'Mitomycin C. Current Status and New Developments', Academic Press, New York (1979)
Revised absolute configuration of mitomycin C. X-ray analysis of 1-N-(p-bromobenzoyl)mitomycin C: K. Shirahata & N. Hirayama; JACS 105, 7199 (1983)
Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by reduced mitomycin C and 7-N-(p- hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C: K. Ueda and T. Komano; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 6673 (1984) Abstract
Isolation and structure of a covalent cross-link adduct between mitomycin C and DNA: M. Tomasz, et al.; Science 235, 1204 (1987) Abstract
The chemistry of DNA modification by antitumor antibiotics: J.F. Fisher & P.A. Aristoff; Prog. Drug Res. 32, 411 (1988) Abstract
DNA sequence specificity of mitomycin cross-linking: S.P. Teng, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 3901 (1989) Abstract
Polyoxyethylene-modified superoxide dismutase reduces side effects of adriamycin and mitomycin C: S. Kawasaki, et al.; J. Cancer Res. 83, 899 (1992) Abstract
Genetic evidence for an activator required for induction of pectin lyase in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by DNA-damaging agents: J.L. McEvoy, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 174, 5471 (1992) Abstract
Elevated DT-diaphorase activity and messenger RNA content in human non- small cell lung carcinoma: relationship to the response of lung tumor xenografts to mitomycin Cl: A.M. Malkinson, et al.; Cancer Res. 52, 4752 (1992) Abstract
Mitomycins: J. Verweij, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Biol. Response Modif. 18, 46 (1999) Abstract
Mitomycin C induces apoptosis in a caspases-dependent and Fas/CD95- independent manner in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells: I.C. Park, et al.; Cancer Lett. 158, 125 (2000) Abstract
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhances mitomycin-C-induced apoptosis: C.T. Hsueh, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 45, 389 (2000) Abstract
DNA-damaging agents cause inactivation of translational regulators linked to mTOR signalling: A.R. Tee & C.G. Proud; Oncogene 19, 3021 (2000) Abstract
Re-evaluation of tumor-specific cytotoxicity of mitomycin C, bleomycin and peplomycin: M. Sasaki, et al.; Anticancer Res. 26, 3373 (2006) Abstract
Activation of the S phase DNA damage checkpoint by mitomycin C: E. Mladenov, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 211, 468 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • DNA Replication Inhibitors

ALX-380-089

Revised 29-Jul-08

Blasticidin S . hydrochloride
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-089-M100		100 mg	280.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₂₆N₈O₅. HCl
MW:	422.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	3513-03-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1316
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Blasticidin S, a new antibiotic: S. Takeuchi, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 11, 1 (1958) Abstract
The blasticidin S resistance gene (bsr) selectable in a single copy state in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome: M. Itaya, et al.; J. Biochem. 107, 799 (1990) Abstract
Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding a blasticidin S acetyltransferase from Streptoverticillum sp: J.A. Perez-Gonzalez, et al.; Gene 86, 129 (1990) Abstract
Blasticidin S-resistance gene (bsr): a novel selectable marker for mammalian cells: M. Izumi, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 197, 229 (1991) Abstract
Cloning of the blasticidin S deaminase gene (BSD) from Aspergillus terreus and its use as a selectable marker for Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Pyricularia oryzae: M. Kimura, et al.; Mol. Gen. Genet. 242, 121 (1994) Abstract
Blasticidin S deaminase gene from Aspergillus terreus (BSD): a new drug resistance gene for transfection of mammalian cells: M. Kimura, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1219, 653 (1994) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Reporter Gene Markers / Related Products • Translation Inhibitors • DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Antifungal

ALX-380-201

Revised 27-Jun-08

Echinomycin
SYNONYMS	Quinomycin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-201-M001		1 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-380-201-M005		5 mg	320.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅₁H₆₄N₁₂O₁₂S₂
MW:	1101.3
CAS NUMBER:	512-64-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3497
RTECS:	JW5250000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces echinatus (DSM 40013).
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic.
HAZARD:	TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. Powerful, selective inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis in vitro. Potent inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) DNA binding activity. Induces apoptosis. Displays antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.

Product Specific Literature References

A “quinoxaline antibiotic” similar to the triostins, q.v.: I. Kuroya, et al.; J. Antibiot. 14A, 324 (1961)
Identity of levomycin and quinomycin A (echimomycin): K. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiot. 15, 273 (1962) Abstract
The mode of action of quinoxaline antibiotics. Interaction of quinomycin A with deoxyribonucleic acid: K. Sato, et al.; J. Antibiot. 20, 270 (1967) Abstract
The binding of echinomycin to deoxyribonucleic acid: S.P. Wakelin & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 157, 721 (1976) Abstract; Full Text
Bifunctional intercalation and sequence specificity in the binding of quinomycin and triostin antibiotics to deoxyribonucleic acid: J.S. Lee & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 173, 115 (1978) Abstract; Full Text
Kinetics of the interaction between echinomycin and deoxyribonucleic acid: K.R. Fox, et al.; Biochemistry 20, 5768 (1981) Abstract
Sequence-specific binding of echinomycin to DNA: evidence for conformational changes affecting flanking sequences: C.M. Low, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 4865 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin binding sites on DNA: M.M. Van Dyke & P.B. Dervan; Science 225, 1122 (1984) Abstract
Kinetic evidence that echinomycin migrates between potential DNA binding sites: K.R. Fox & M.J. Waring; Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 595 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of echinomycin on DNA methylation: R.L. Adams & A. Rinaldi; FEBS Lett. 215, 266 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of echinomycin with An.Tn. and (AT)n regions flanking its CG binding site: K. Waterloh & K.R. Fox; Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 6719 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Localized chemical reactivity in DNA associated with the sequence-specific bisintercalation of echinomycin: C. Bailly, et al.; Biochem. J. 300, 165 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Energetics of echinomycin binding to DNA: F. Leng, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 31, 6191 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin inhibits chromosomal DNA replication and embryonic development in vertebrates: L.G. May, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 32, 65 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin and a novel analogue induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells via the activation of MAP kinases pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 50, 201 (2004) Abstract
Echinomycin, a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 DNA-binding activity: D. Kong, et al.; Cancer Res. 65, 9047 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Molecular signaling cascade in DNA bisintercalator, echinomycin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells: evidence of the apoptotic process via activation of the cytochrome c-ERK-caspase-3 pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 38, 244 (2006) Abstract
Synergistic effects of CoCl(2) and ROCK inhibition on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells: E. Pacary, et al.; J. Cell Sci. 119, 2667 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Metabolic targeting of hypoxia and HIF1 in solid tumors can enhance cytotoxic chemotherapy: R.A. Cairns, et al.; PNAS 104, 9445 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Antiviral / Anti-HIV • Antibiotics - Antifungal • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Antibiotics

ALX-380-287

Revised 15-Apr-08

Ciprofloxacin
SYNONYMS	1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1- piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-287-G005		5 g	20.00 USD
ALX-380-287-G025		25 g	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃
MW:	331.3
CAS NUMBER:	85721-33-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2314
RTECS:	VB1993800
PURITY:	≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase). Inhibits cell division and causes double-strand breaks in the bacterial chromosome. Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Potentially anxiogenic.

Product Specific Literature References

Is ciprofloxacin active against clinically important anaerobes?: B. Watt & F.V. Brown; J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 17, 605 (1986) Abstract
Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: D.E. Nix & J.M DeVito; Clin. Pharm. 6, 105 (1987) Abstract
Mechanisms of action of and resistance to ciprofloxacin: D.C. Hooper, et al.; Am. J. Med. 82, 12 (1987) Abstract
Moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: evaluation of in vitro and pharmacodynamic indices that best predict in vivo efficacy: R.K. Shandil, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 576 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Anxiogenic potential of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in rats: S. Sen, et al.; Singapore Med. J. 48, 1028 (2007) Abstract; Full Text

Related Products

ALX-380-287

Ciprofloxacin

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

ALX-380-289

Revised 05-Aug-08

Clinafloxacin
SYNONYMS	7-(3-Amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-289-M250		250 mg	55.00 USD
ALX-380-289-G001		1 g	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₇ClFN₃O₃
MW:	365.8
CAS NUMBER:	105956-97-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2355
PURITY:	≥95% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow crystalline powder.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by NMR.

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes. Inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.

Product Specific Literature References

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are dual targets of clinafloxacin action in Streptococcus pneumoniae: X.S. Pan & L.M. Fisher; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 2810 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: overexpression, purification, and differential inhibition by fluoroquinolones: X.S. Pan and L.M. Fisher; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1129 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Fluoroquinolones inhibit preferentially Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA topoisomerase IV than DNA gyrase native proteins: E. Fernandez-Moreira, et al.; Microb. Drug Resist. 6, 259 (2000) Abstract
Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: J.H. Jorgensen, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2962 (2000) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

ALX-380-290

Revised 15-Apr-08

Enrofloxacin
SYNONYMS	1,4-Dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-290-G005		5 g	30.00 USD
ALX-380-290-G025		25 g	120.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₃
MW:	359.4
CAS NUMBER:	93106-60-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3592
RTECS:	VB1993650
PURITY:	≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against Mycoplasma spp. Inhibits bacterial DNA-gyrase (topoisomerase).

Product Specific Literature References

Enrofloxacin: a new antimicrobial agent: J. Schroder; J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 60, 122 (1989) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

ALX-380-291

Revised 15-Apr-08

Gatifloxacin
SYNONYMS	AM-1155 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-291-G001		1 g	60.00 USD
ALX-380-291-G005		5 g	240.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₂FN₃O₄
MW:	375.4
CAS NUMBER:	112811-59-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 4376
PURITY:	≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water at pH 2-5 (40-60mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone with broad spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits bacterial DNA-gyrase and topoisomerase IV. May cause dysglycemia.

Product Specific Literature References

Comparison of the antibacterial activities of the quinolones Bay 12-8039, gatifloxacin (AM 1155), trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin: A. Bauernfeind; J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40, 639 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Activities of gatifloxacin compared to those of seven other agents against anaerobic organisms: L.M. Ednie, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 2459 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Inhibitory activities of gatifloxacin (AM-1155), a newly developed fluoroquinolone, against bacterial and mammalian type II topoisomerases: M. Takei, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 2678 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Primary targets of fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae: H. Fukuda & K. Hiramatsu; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 410 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Gatifloxacin: C.M. Perry, et al.; Drugs 58, 683 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Contributions of the 8-methoxy group of gatifloxacin to resistance selectivity, target preference, and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae: H. Fukuda, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1649 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Gatifloxacin affects GLUT1 gene expression and disturbs glucose homeostasis in vitro: T.F. Ge, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 573, 70 (2007) Abstract
Gatifloxacin-associated hypoglycemia: T. Ali, et al.; J. Okla. State Med. Assoc. 100, 425 (2007) Abstract
Gatifloxacin produces both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia: a retrospective study: H. Haerian, et al.; Am. J. Med. Sci. 335, 95 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors

ALX-380-292

Revised 15-Apr-08

Levofloxacin . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	(S)-(-)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10- (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₈FN₃O₃ . HCl . H₂O
MW:	331.3 . 36.5 . 18.0
CAS NUMBER:	86393-32-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2314
PURITY:	≥88.5% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (35mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C