ALEXIS Biochemicals: Trichostatin A

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ALX-270-278

Revised 01-Jul-08

5-Iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone
SYNONYMS	INH₂BP
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PARP Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-278-M001		1 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-270-278-M005		5 mg	50.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉H₆INO₂
MW:	287.1
CAS NUMBER:	137881-27-7
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Packaged under inert gas.

Product Description

Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1).

Product Specific Literature References

Reversion of malignant phenotype by 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone a non-covalently binding ligand of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: P.I. Bauer, et al.; Biochimie 77, 374 (1995) Abstract
Protective effects of 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase against peroxynitrite-induced glial damage and stroke development: M. Endres, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 351, 377 (1998) Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activation mediates increased permeability induced by peroxynitrite in Caco-2BBe cells: M. Kennedy, et al.; Gastroenterology 114, 510 (1998) Abstract
Potential role of the peroxynitrate-poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase pathway in a rat model of severe hemorrhagic shock: C. Szabó, et al.; Shock 9, 341 (1998) Abstract
Protection against peroxynitrite-induced fibroblast injury and arthritis development by inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthase: C. Szabó, et al.; PNAS 95, 3867 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Crucial role of apopain in the peroxynitrite-induced apoptotic DNA fragmentation: L. Virág, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 1075 (1998) Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activation mediates mitochondrial injury during oxidant-induced cell death: L. Virág, et al.; J. Immunol. 161, 3753 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Novel roles of nitric oxide in hemorrhagic shock: C. Szabo & T.R. Billiar; Shock 12, 1 (1999) Abstract
Cancer cell selectivity of 5-iodo-6-aminobenzopyrone (INH2BP) and methyl-3,5-diiodo-4(4'-methoxyphenoxy) benzoate (DIME): E. Kirsten & E. Kun; Int. J. Mol. Med. 5, 279 (2000) Abstract
Role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activation in the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: G.S. Scott, et al.; J. Neuroimmunol. 117, 78 (2001) Abstract
Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase by gene disruption or inhibition with 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone protects mice from multiple-low-dose-streptozotocin-induced diabetes: J.G. Mabley, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 133, 909 (2001) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products

ALX-480-039

Revised 08-Aug-06

1,5-Isoquinolinediol
SYNONYMS	5-Hydroxy-1(2H)-isoquinolinone 1,5-Dihydroxyisoquinoline
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PARP Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-480-039-M005		5 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-480-039-M025		25 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉H₇NO₂
MW:	161.2
CAS NUMBER:	5154-02-9
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 0.1N NaOH, methanol or in DMSO; insoluble in water and 0.1N HCl.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) in mouse macropaghes. Potently blocks poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Neuroprotectant.

Product Specific Literature References

Specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase and mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase: M. Banasik, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1569 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity: J. Zhang, et al.; Science 263, 687 (1994) Abstract
Effects of inhibitors of the activity of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase on the organ injury and dysfunction caused by haemorrhagic shock: M.C. McDonald, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 128, 1339 (1999) Abstract
All trans retinoic acid induces apoptosis in acute promyelocytic NB4 cells when combined with isoquinolinediol, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor: D.M. Berry, et al.; Leuk. Res. 24, 307 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of NOS-2 induction in LPS-stimulated J774.2 cells by 1, 5-isoquinolinediol, an inhibitor of PARP: R. Olszanecki, et al.; J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 57, 109 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • DNA Repair Other Products

ALX-400-038

Revised 18-Feb-08

Lomustine
SYNONYMS	CCNU N-(2-Chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-400-038-M050		50 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉H₁₆CIN₃O₂
MW:	233.7
CAS NUMBER:	13010-47-4
MERCK INDEX:	14: 5564
PURITY:	≥97% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	Yellowish crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol or acetone.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture.
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. IRRITANT.

Product Description

Possesses antitumor activity similar to carmustine (Prod. No. ALX-400-037).

Related Products

ALX-400-037	Carmustine
ALX-400-039	Semustine

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products

ALX-201-065

Revised 07-Dec-04

MGMT (human) (recombinant)
SYNONYMS	O⁶-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	DNA Repair Other Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-201-065-R050		50 µl	320.00 USD

Product Specification

EC:	2.1.1.63
SOURCE/HOST:	Produced in E. coli.
PURITY:	Purified with Glutathiose-Sepharose 4B and thrombin cleavage
FORMULATION:	Liquid. 5'000U in 50µl buffer containing 50% glycerol, 100µg/ml BSA, 20mM TRIS-HCl, pH 7.8, 5mM dithiothreitol, 60mM KCl and 1mM EDTA.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY:	100U/µl. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that removes 100fmol O⁶-methylguanine from DNA.
QUALITY CONTROL:	The biological activity has been checked in a radioactive standard MGMT assay.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Do not store at -80°C.

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Swiss-Prot link P16455: MGMT (human)

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins • DNA & RNA Methyl & Alkyl Transferases / Related Products

ALX-804-192

Revised 30-Jul-07

Monoclonal Antibody to ssDNA (F7-26)
SYNONYMS	anti-Single-stranded DNA MAb (F7-26)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	DNA Fragmentation & Chromatin Condensation

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-192-R200		200 µl	190.00 USD
ALX-804-192-L001		1 ml	430.00 USD

Product Specification

CLONE:	F7-26
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgM
QUANTITY:	200µl/20 tests; 1ml/100 tests
CONCENTRATION:	0.1mg/ml
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS).
IMMUNOGEN:	Calf thymus ssDNA.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes deoxycytidine of ssDNA of at least 25-30 bases in length in the absence of any reactivity to double-stranded DNA; not species-specific. Specifically detects apoptotic cells; necrotic cells are not recognized.
APPLICATION:	Flow Cytometry Immunocytochemistry Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections, paraffin sections - important: applicable for cold fixation at +4°C - for reference see Manual).
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C

Product Images

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Product Description

This reagent (MAb F7-26) allows the important discrimination between apoptosis and necrosis [1-3,6,7]. In this respect it can be regarded as a unique research tool superior to TUNEL staining [4,5]. The specificity of the assay is based upon the high sensitivity of DNA to thermal denaturation in condensed chromatin of apoptotic cells.

Although there is no change of the original product there have been important improvements in the staining protocol involving a formamide-based DNA-denaturation [8]. This is now more convenient to use, yielding a sharper contrast between apoptotic cells and controls. The increased sensitivity of MAb F7-26 allows omission of a previously recommended Biotin/Streptavidin amplification step, a source of background problems. The APOSTAIN assay is now applicable for cold (4°C) formalin fixed tissue. For recent applications of MAb F7-26 see [9-15].

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Detection of DNA damage in individual cells by flow cytometric analysis using anti-DNA monoclonal antibody: O.S. Frankfurt; Exp. Cell. Res. 170, 369 (1987) Abstract
[2] Detection of apoptosis in leukemic and breast cancer cells with monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA: O.S. Frankfurt; Anticancer Res. 14, 1861 (1994) Abstract
[3] Decreased stability of DNA in cells treated with alkylating agents: O.S. Frankfurt; Exp. Cell. Res. 191, 181 (1990) Abstract
[4] A cautionary note on the use of the TUNEL stain to determine apoptosis: C. Charriaut-Marlangue & J. Ben-Ari; Neuroreport 7, 61 (1995) Abstract
[5] In Situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL assay) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis and autolytic cell death: A cautionary note: B. Grasl-Kraupp, et al.; Hepatology 21, 1465 (1995) Abstract
[6] Monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA is a specific and sensitive cellular marker of apoptosis: O.S. Frankfurt, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 226, 387 (1996) Abstract
[7] Detection of apoptotic cells with monoclonal antibodies to single-stranded DNA: O.S. Frankfurt; Apoptosis Detection and Assay Methods (Eds L. Zhu & J. Chun) 47 (1998)
[8] Identification of apoptotic cells by formamide-induced dna denaturation in condensed chromatin: O.S. Frankfurt & A. Krishan; J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49, 369 (2001) Abstract
[9] Apoptosis: one of the mechanisms that maintains unresponsiveness of the intestinal mucosal immune system: P. Bu, et al.; J. Immunol. 166, 6399 (2001) Abstract
[10] Effects of dexamethasone on apoptosis-related cell death after spinal cord injury: M. Zurita, et al.; J. Neurosurg. 96, 83 (2002) Abstract
[11] Imbalance between apostain expression and proliferative index can predict survival in primary glioblastoma: J. Vaquero, et al.; Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 144, 151 (2002) Abstract
[12] Early T-cell apoptosis and Fas expression during antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1: S.P. Aries, et al.; Scand. J. Immunol. 48, 86 (1998) Abstract
[13] DNA strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease: E. Adamec, et al.; Brain Res. 849, 67 (1999) Abstract
[14] In vivo amifostine (WR-2721) prevents chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from cancer patients: M. Provinciali, et al.; Life Sci. 64, 1525 (1999) Abstract
[15] Prediction of imminent complications in HIV-1-infected patients by markers of lymphocyte apoptosis: J.C. Wasmuth, et al.; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 23, 44 (2000) Abstract
[16] Caspase-independent phosphatidylserine exposure during apoptosis of primary T lymphocytes: C. Ferraro-Peyret, et al.; J. Immunol. 169, 4805 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[17] Cathepsin-B-dependent apoptosis triggered by antithymocyte globulins: a novel mechanism of T-cell depletion: M. C. Michallet, et al.; Blood 102, 3719 (2003) Abstract

General Information

MANUFACTURER

Manufactured by Apostain, Inc.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA-based Apoptosis Detection • DNA Repair Other Products • Monoclonal Antibodies

ALX-460-008

Revised 02-Jun-06

Nicotinamide
SYNONYMS	Niacinamide 3-Pyridinecarboxylic amide Vitamin PP
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	NAD+ Metabolism / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-460-008-G010		10 g	10.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆H₆N₂O
MW:	122.1
CAS NUMBER:	98-92-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6523
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water; also soluble in 100 % ethanol or glycerol; slightly soluble in chloroform; almost insoluble in ether or acetone.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Susceptible to hydrolysis in acidic or alkaline solution.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products • Vitamins • PARP Inhibitors

ALX-480-058

Revised 18-Jun-08

8-Nitroguanine
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Nucleobases

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-480-058-M001		1 mg	120.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅H₄N₆O₃
MW:	196.1
CAS NUMBER:	168701-80-2
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY:	Slightly soluble in water (sonification).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR, MS and UV.

Product Description

Oxidative DNA degradation product.

Product Specific Literature References

Formation of 8-nitroguanine in DNA treated with peroxynitrite in vitro and its rapid removal from DNA by depurination: V. Yermilov, et al.; FEBS Lett. 376, 207 (1995) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of flavonoids: effects on DNA damage induced by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and nitroxyl anion: H. Ohshima, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 1057 (1998) Abstract
Importance of guanine nitration and hydroxylation in DNA in vitro and in vivo: J. Tuo, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 147 (2000) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products

ALX-270-370

Revised 01-Jul-08

NU1025
SYNONYMS	8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinazoline-4-one
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PARP Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-370-M001		1 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-270-370-M005		5 mg	90.00 USD
ALX-270-370-M025		25 mg	290.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉H₈N₂O₂
MW:	176.2
CAS NUMBER:	90417-38-2
PURITY:	≥98%
FORMULATION:	Off-white to purple solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml). This solution can be further diluted 1:100 in tissue culture medium before use.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Packaged under inert gas. Protect from light.

Product Description

A potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitor (IC₅₀=400nM) that potentiates the cytotoxicity of various DNA-active agents, including the DNA-methylating compound MTIC, the DNA strand break-inducing drug temozolomide (Prod. No. ALX-420-044), topotecan (Prod. No. ALX-350-133), bleomycin (Prod. No. ALX-630-107), and ionizing radiation effective in murine L1210 leukemia cells, CHO, and in a variety of human tumor cell lines.

Product Specific Literature References

Potentiation of temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity: a comparative study of the biological effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: S. Boulton, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 72, 849 (1995) Abstract
Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma: J.H. Griffin & R.C. Flanigan; Tech. Urol.
Potentiation of anti-cancer agent cytotoxicity by the potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors NU1025 and NU1064: K.J. Bowman, et al.; Br. J. Cancer 78, 1269 (1998) Abstract
Resistance-modifying agents. 5. Synthesis and biological properties of quinazolinone inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP): R.J. Griffin, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 41, 5247 (1998) Abstract
Interactive effects of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-dependent protein kinase on cellular responses to DNA damage: S. Boulton, et al.; Carcinogenesis 20, 199 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Potentiation of temozolomide and topotecan growth inhibition and cytotoxicity by novel poly(adenosine diphosphoribose) polymerase inhibitors in a panel of human tumor cell lines: C.A. Delaney, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 2860 (2000) Abstract; Full Text

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products

ALX-400-036

Revised 31-Oct-06

Peroxynitrite . tetramethylammonium
SYNONYMS	ONOO^- . C₄H₁₂N Oxoperoxonitrate(1-) . C₄H₁₂N
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-400-036-L001		1 ml	152.00 USD
ALX-400-036-5001		5x1 ml	475.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	NO₃ . C₄H₁₂N
MW:	62.0 . 74.1
CAS NUMBER:	14042-01-4
CONCENTRATION:	~10mM
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In 0.01M KOH.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 1 month after receipt when stored at -80°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	OXIDIZING. CORROSIVE.

Product Description

Produced from the reaction of nitrogen monoxide with tetramethylammonium superoxide according to the method of D.S. Bohle, et al. described in Meth. Enzymol. 269, 302 (1996), and dissolved in 0.01M potassium hydroxide (KOH). This formulation of peroxynitrite has a low nitrite content (~1%), no hydrogen peroxide.

Product Specific Literature References

DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite: subsequent biological effects: C. Szabo & H. Ohshima; Nitric Oxide 1, 373 (1997), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: a biologically significant oxidant: M.P. Murphy, et al.; Gen. Pharmacol. 31, 179 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: an endogenous oxidizing and nitrating agent: C. Ducrocq, et al.; Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 55, 1068 (1999), (Review) Abstract
The chemistry of DNA damage from nitric oxide and peroxynitrite: S. Burney, et al.; Mutat. Res. 424, 37 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Reactions of *NO, *NO2 and peroxynitrite in membranes: physiological implications: S.P. Goss, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 31, 597 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Peroxynitrite: reactive, invasive and enigmatic: J.T. Groves; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 3, 226 (1999), (Review) Abstract
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. The ugly, the uglier and the not