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DNA Metabolism
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ALX-480-070 Revised 05-Dec-04
8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)guanosine-3',5'-cyclic-Monophosphothioate, Sp-Isomer . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS Sp-8-pCPT-cGMPS . Na
8-pCPT-cGMPS . Na, Sp-Isomer
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cGMP Derivatives
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-480-070-MC05   0.5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-070-M001   1 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H14N5ClO6S2P . Na
MW: 502.9 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 160385-87-5
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Potent activator of both cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1α, 1β and type II and cAMP-dependent protein kinase II. Excellent cell membrane permeability and phosphodiesterase stability.
Product Specific Literature References
(Rp)-8-pCPT-cGMPS, a novel cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor: E. Butt, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 269, 265 (1994) Abstract
The type II isoform of cGMP-dependent protein kinase is dimeric and possesses regulatory and catalytic properties distinct from the type I isoforms: D.M. Gamm, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27380 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKA Activators • PKG Activators
 
 
ALX-480-093 Revised 07-Feb-08
8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine 3',5'-cyclic Monophosphate . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP . Na
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY cAMP Derivatives
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-480-093-M001   1 mg 130.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-093-M005   5 mg 520.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H16ClN5O6PS . Na
MW: 484.8 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 510774-50-2
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
PURITY DETAIL: Product is not sterile.
FORMULATION: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, aqueous buffers, DMSO, dimethyl formamide or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Hygroscopic.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR, MS and UV (λmax: 282nm, ε: 16’000, pH 7).

Product Description
Specific, potent and membrane permeant activator of the Epac cAMP receptor. Activates Epac1 and Epac2, the guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) for the small GTPases Rap1 and Rap2. Does not activate protein kinase A (PKA), neither in vitro nor in vivo and is therefore a valuable tool to specifically discriminate between PKA- and Epac-mediated effects. Since a free 2'-ribose hydroxyl group in cyclic AMP is essential for stimulation of PKA, the methylated structure of 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP is an extremely poor PKA activator. Its high lipophilicity allows for good membrane permeability in most biosystems and its increased resistance towards phosphodiesterases prevents rapid hydrolysis.
Product Specific Literature References
A novel Epac-specific cAMP analogue demonstrates independent regulation of Rap1 and ERK: J.M. Enserink, et al.; Nat. Cell Biol. 4, 901 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Epac-selective cAMP analog 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP as a stimulus for Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells: G. Kang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 8279 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Cyclic AMP induces integrin-mediated cell adhesion through Epac and Rap1 upon stimulation of the {beta}2-adrenergic receptor: S. Rangarajan, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 160, 487 (2003) Abstract
General Literature References
Signal transduction. New exchange, new target: J. Downward; Nature 396, 416 (1998), Comment Abstract
Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP: J. de Rooij, et al.; Nature 396, 474 (1998) Abstract
A family of cAMP-binding proteins that directly activate Rap1: H. Kawasaki, et al.; Science 282, 2275 (1998) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKA Activators • Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Factors [GEFs]
 
 
ALX-380-112 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chrysomycin A
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SYNONYMS Chrysomycin V
Virenomycin V
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
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ALX-380-112-C250   250 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-112-M001   1 mg 420.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H28O9
MW: 508.5
CAS NUMBER: 82196-88-1
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to greenish solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light also when in solution.

Product Description
Antibiotic. Inhibits topoisomerase II in human. Mediates a unique cross-linking reaction between DNA and histidine H3. Antineoplastic and photosensitizing compound. Exhibits antitumor activity against human cell lines.
Product Specific Literature References
Chrysomycin: a new antibiotic substance for bacterial viruses: F. Strelitz, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 69, 280 (1955) Abstract
The chemistry of the antibiotics chrysomycin A and B. Antitumor activity of chrysomycin A: U. Weiss, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 35, 1194 (1982) Abstract
Biochemical characterisation of elsamicin and other coumarin-related antitumour agents as potent inhibitors of human topoisomerase II: A. Lorico and B.H. Long; Eur. J. Cancer 29A, 1985 (1993) Abstract
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Antibiotics • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)
 
 
ALX-380-114 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chrysomycin B
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SYNONYMS Chrysomycin M
Virenomycin M
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
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ALX-380-114-C250   250 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-114-M001   1 mg 420.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H28O9
MW: 496.5
CAS NUMBER: 83852-56-6
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Antibiotic. Inhibits topoisomerase II in human. Mediates a unique cross-linking reaction between DNA and histidine H3. Antineoplastic and photosensitizing compound. Exhibits antitumor activity against human cell lines. Less potent than Chrysomycin A (Prod. No. ALX-380-112).
Product Specific Literature References
Chrysomycin: a new antibiotic substance for bacterial viruses: F. Strelitz, et al.; J. Bacteriol. 69, 280 (1955) Abstract
The chemistry of the antibiotics chrysomycin A and B. Antitumor activity of chrysomycin A: U. Weiss, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 35, 1194 (1982) Abstract
Biochemical characterisation of elsamicin and other coumarin-related antitumour agents as potent inhibitors of human topoisomerase II: A. Lorico and B.H. Long; Eur. J. Cancer 29A, 1985 (1993) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • Antitumor Antibiotics
 
 
ALX-380-287 Revised 15-Apr-08
Ciprofloxacin
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SYNONYMS 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1- piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
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ALX-380-287-G005   5 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-287-G025   25 g 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H18FN3O3
MW: 331.3
CAS NUMBER: 85721-33-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2314
RTECS: VB1993800
PURITY: ≥98% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description

Fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase). Inhibits cell division and causes double-strand breaks in the bacterial chromosome. Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Potentially anxiogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Is ciprofloxacin active against clinically important anaerobes?: B. Watt & F.V. Brown; J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 17, 605 (1986) Abstract
Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: D.E. Nix & J.M DeVito; Clin. Pharm. 6, 105 (1987) Abstract
Mechanisms of action of and resistance to ciprofloxacin: D.C. Hooper, et al.; Am. J. Med. 82, 12 (1987) Abstract
Moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: evaluation of in vitro and pharmacodynamic indices that best predict in vivo efficacy: R.K. Shandil, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 576 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Anxiogenic potential of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in rats: S. Sen, et al.; Singapore Med. J. 48, 1028 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-380-288 Revised 08-Aug-08
Ciprofloxacin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid . hydrochloride
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ALX-380-288-G005   5 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-288-G025   25 g 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H18FN3O3 . HCl . H2O
MW: 331.3 . 36.5 . 18.0
CAS NUMBER: 86393-32-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2314
PURITY: ≥88.5% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (35mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase). Inhibits cell division and causes double-strand breaks in the bacterial chromosome. Broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria. Effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Potentially anxiogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Is ciprofloxacin active against clinically important anaerobes?: B. Watt & F.V. Brown; J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 17, 605 (1986) Abstract
Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: D.E. Nix & J.M. DeVito; Clin. Pharm. 6, 105 (1987) Abstract
Mechanisms of action of and resistance to ciprofloxacin: D.C. Hooper, et al.; Am. J. Med. 82, 12 (1987) Abstract
Moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: evaluation of in vitro and pharmacodynamic indices that best predict in vivo efficacy: R.K. Shandil, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51, 576 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Anxiogenic potential of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in rats: S. Sen, et al.; Singapore Med. J. 48, 1028 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-380-289 Revised 05-Aug-08
Clinafloxacin
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SYNONYMS 7-(3-Amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
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ALX-380-289-M250   250 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-289-G001   1 g 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H17ClFN3O3
MW: 365.8
CAS NUMBER: 105956-97-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2355
PURITY: ≥95% (Assay)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow crystalline powder.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by NMR.

Product Description
Fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes. Inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.
Product Specific Literature References
DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are dual targets of clinafloxacin action in Streptococcus pneumoniae: X.S. Pan & L.M. Fisher; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 2810 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: overexpression, purification, and differential inhibition by fluoroquinolones: X.S. Pan and L.M. Fisher; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1129 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Fluoroquinolones inhibit preferentially Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA topoisomerase IV than DNA gyrase native proteins: E. Fernandez-Moreira, et al.; Microb. Drug Resist. 6, 259 (2000) Abstract
Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: J.H. Jorgensen, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2962 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-350-149 Revised 23-Oct-07
Cylindrospermopsin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-149-C025   25 µg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-149-C100   100 µg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H21N5O7S
MW: 415.4
CAS NUMBER: 143545-90-8
RTECS: UV9104310
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Glassy solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.

Product Description
Tricyclic alkaloid hepatotoxin. Exhibits a completely different mechanism of toxicity than microcystins. Protein synthesis inhibitor. Might be carcinogenic. Inhibits pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis.
Product Specific Literature References
Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir: P.R. Hawkins, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50, 1292 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Cylindrospermopsin, a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: I. Ohtani, et al.; JACS 114, 7941 (1992) Full Text
Isolation and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from an ornamental lake: P.R. Hawkins, et al.; Toxicon. 35, 341 (1997) Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanobacterial alkaloid: evaluation of its toxicologic activity: G.R. Shaw, et al.; Ther. Drug Monit. 22, 89 (2000) Abstract
Preliminary evidence for in vivo tumour initiation by oral administration of extracts of the blue-green alga cylindrospermopsis raciborskii containing the toxin cylindrospermopsin: I.R. Falconer & A.R. Humpage; Environ. Toxicol. 16, 192 (2001) Abstract
The Palm Island mystery disease 20 years on: a review of research on the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin: D.J. Griffiths and M.L. Saker; Environ. Toxicol. 18, 78 (2003), Review Abstract
The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin inhibits pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and alters cholesterol distribution in mice: M. Reisner, et al.; Toxicol. Sci. 82, 620 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Uridine Derivatives Other Products • Protein Synthesis Other Products • Lipid Metabolism Other Products • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-380-043 Revised 03-Apr-08
Daunorubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS Daunomycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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ALX-380-043-M010   10 mg 95.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H29NO10 . HCl
MW: 527.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 23541-50-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2832
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces spec.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Orange to red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description

Anthracycline anticancer antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase I and II. Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis. Induces DNA single strand breaks and apoptosis in tumor cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Ceramide synthase mediates daunorubicin-induced apoptosis: an alternative mechanism for generating death signals: R. Bose, et al.; Cell 82, 405 (1995) Abstract
Daunorubicin activates NFkappaB and induces kappaB-dependent gene expression in HL-60 promyelocytic and Jurkat T lymphoma cells: M.P. Boland, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 12952 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Alteration of the daunorubicin-tri