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Natural Products - Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-162-006 Revised 07-Apr-08
Melittin (natural)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-162-006-M001   1 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-162-006-M005   5 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2
FORMULA: C131H229N39O31
MW: 2846.5
CAS NUMBER: 37231-28-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5824
RTECS: OS3960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from bee venom.
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to faint tan powder.
PURITY DETAIL: Phospholipase A2 impurity: <5 units per mg solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in PBS (5mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Very hygroscopic. Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Causes disruption of normal cellular activity and cell lysis. Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. Activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) by binding to the catalytic domain in a Mg-ATP sensitive manner. Antirheumatic.
Product Specific Literature References
Rapid purification of calmodulin and S-100 protein by affinity chromatography with melittin immobilized to sepharose: R.L. Kincaid & C.C. Coulson; BBRC 133, 256 (1985) Abstract
Comparison of S100b protein with calmodulin: interactions with melittin and microtubule-associated tau proteins and inhibition of phosphorylation of tau proteins by protein kinase C: J. Baudier, et al.; Biochemistry 26, 2886 (1987) Abstract
Possible mechanisms of action of cobra snake venom cardiotoxins and bee venom melittin: J.E. Fletcher & M.S. Jiang; Toxicon. 31, 669 (1993) Abstract
Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee (Apis mellifera) venom cause necrosis of murine skeletal muscle in vivo: C.L. Ownby, et al.; Toxicon. 35, 67 (1997) Abstract
Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity: S.S. Saini, et al.; BBRC 238, 436 (1997) Abstract
Phospholipase A2-independent Ca2+ entry and subsequent apoptosis induced by melittin in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells: S.T. Chu, et al.; Life Sci. 80, 364 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calmodulin Other Products • PKC Inhibitors • Peptides • PLA2 Activators
 
 
ALX-162-007 Revised 12-May-05
Melittin (synthetic)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-162-007-MC05   0.5 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-162-007-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2
FORMULA: C131H229N39O31
MW: 2846.5
CAS NUMBER: 37231-28-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5824
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
For technical information see melittin (natural) (Prod. No. ALX-162-006).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Activators • Calmodulin Other Products • PKC Inhibitors • Peptides
 
 
ALX-270-047 Revised 26-Sep-07
Aristolochic acid
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SYNONYMS 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-047-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H11NO7
MW: 341.3
CAS NUMBER: 313-67-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 786
RTECS: CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY: ≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA2 activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Other Toxins • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-270-063 Revised 03-Apr-08
Cantharidin
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SYNONYMS Hexahydro-3a,7a-dimethyl-4,7-epoxyisobenzo-furan-1,3-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-063-M025   25 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-063-M100   100 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H12O4
MW: 196.2
CAS NUMBER: 56-25-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1752
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor. At higher concentrations, also inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1).
Product Specific Literature References
Partial characterization of specific cantharidin binding sites in mouse tissues: M.J. Graziano, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 33, 706 (1988) Abstract
Cantharidin-binding protein: identification as protein phosphatase 2A: Y.-M. Li and J.E. Casida; PNAS 89, 11867 (1992) Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A and its [3H]cantharidin/[3H]endothall thioanhydride binding site. Inhibitor specificity of cantharidin and ATP analogues: Y.-M. Li, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 1435 (1993) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PP2A / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-066 Revised 07-Apr-08
Lavendustin C
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SYNONYMS Compound 5
5-(N-2,5-Dihydroxybenzyl)aminosalicylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-270-066-M001   1 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H13NO5
MW: 275.3
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. Acts also as an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and pp60c-src kinase.
Product Specific Literature References
Isolation of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lavendustin A, from Streptomyces griseolavendus: T. Onoda, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 52, 1252 (1989) Abstract
Long-term potentiation in the hippocampus is blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors: T.J. O'Dell, et al.; Nature 353, 558 (1991) Abstract
Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their antiretroviral activity: I. Takahashi, et al.; BBRC 165, 1207 (1989) Abstract
Inhibition of crystal-induced neutrophil activation by a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor: H.M. Burt, et al.; J. Leukoc. Biol. 55, 112 (1994) Abstract
Endotoxin increases intercellular resistance in microvascular endothelial cells by a tyrosine kinase pathway: D. Lidington, et al.; J. Cell Physiol. 185, 117 (2000) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
CAM Kinase Inhibitors • Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors • EGFR Kinase Inhibitors • Lipopolysaccharides [LPS] / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-109 Revised 14-Apr-08
Ophiobolin A
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SYNONYMS Cochliobolin A
Ophiobalin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-109-MC01   0.1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-109-M001   1 mg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C25H36O4
MW: 400.6
CAS NUMBER: 4611-05-6
RTECS: RL1576000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Cell permeable antagonist of calmodulin. Inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. Inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Exhibits antibacterial, antitumor and nematocidal activities. Phytotoxic.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of ophiobolin, a C25 terpenoid having a novel skeleton: S. Nozoe, et al.; JACS 87, 4968 (1965) Abstract
The constitution of cochliobolin: L. Canonica, et al.; THL 7, 1211 (1966)
Ophiobolin A. A natural product inhibitor of calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2742 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Role of Calmodulin Inhibition in the Mode of Action of Ophiobolin A: P.C. Leung, et al.; Plant Physiol. 77, 303 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the interaction of ophiobolin A and calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. 20, 1351 (1988) Abstract
Microbial metabolites of ophiobolin A and antimicrobial evaluation of ophiobolins: E. Li, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 58, 74 (1995) Abstract
The biology of ophiobolins: T.K. Au, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 733 (2000), Review Abstract
Calmodulin and lipid binding to synaptobrevin regulates calcium-dependent exocytosis: S. Quetglas, et al.; EMBO J. 21, 3970 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Herbicidal potential of ophiobolins produced by Drechslera gigantea: A. Evidente, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1779 (2006) Abstract
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by terpenoids contained in herbal medicines and natural products: N. Yoshida, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 2033 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calmodulin Inhibitors • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • MDR Inhibitors • P-glycoprotein [Pgp] / Related Products • Other Toxins • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
 
 
ALX-270-110 Revised 20-Jun-08
Papaverine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-[(3',4'-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-110-G005   5 g 22.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H21NO4 . HCl
MW: 339.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 61-25-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7019
RTECS: NW8575000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description

Originally isolated from opium. Alkaloid with smooth muscle relaxing activity. Inhibits phosphodiesterases.
Product Specific Literature References
Papaverine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity in various mammalian tissues: G. Poch & W.R. Kukovetz; Life Sci. I 10, 133 (1971) Abstract
Effects of papaverine on smooth muscle and their mechanisms: M. Ferrari; Pharmacol. res. Commun. 6, 97 (1974) Abstract
The effect of papaverine on ion channels in rat basilar smooth muscle cells: D. Han, et al.; Neurol. Res. 29, 544 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-270-112 Revised 16-Jun-08
Pentoxifylline
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SYNONYMS Trental
3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-112-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-112-G005   5 g 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H18N4O3
MW: 278.3
CAS NUMBER: 6493-05-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7136
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Blocks the synthesis of TNF-α. Improves blood flow by decreasing blood viscosity.
Product Specific Literature References
Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality: P. Noel, et al.; Life Sci. 47, 1023 (1990) Abstract
Pentoxifylline inhibits the expression of tissue factor mRNA in endotoxin-activated human monocytes: V. Ollivier, et al.; FEBS Lett. 322, 231 (1993) Abstract
Pentoxifylline: C.P. Samlaska & E.A. Winfield; J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30, 603 (1994), Review Abstract
Suppression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by pentoxifylline and its mechanism: K. Prasad & P. Lee; Atherosclerosis 192, 313 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • TNF-alpha & TNF Receptors Other Products • Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-113 Revised 08-Apr-08
Phloretin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-270-113-M100   100 mg 37.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H14O5
MW: 274.3
CAS NUMBER: 60-82-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7326
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Off-white to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Flavonoid. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. PGF2a receptor antagonist. In astrocytes, these receptors are linked to phospholipase C, thus affecting phosphoinositide hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Inhibits myo-inositol uptake and 5’-iodothyronine deiodinase. Prevents TNF-α stimulated upregulation of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Enhances adiponectin expression.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects on water diffusion of inhibitors affecting various transport processes in human red blood cells: G. Benga, et al.; Eur. J. Cell Biol. 59, 219 (1992) Abstract
Phloretin as an antagonist of prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor in cultured rat astrocytes: J. Kitanaka, et al.; J. Neurochem. 60, 704 (1993) Abstract
Characterization of the inhibition by stilbene disulphonates and phloretin of lactate and pyruvate transport into rat and guinea-pig cardiac myocytes suggests the presence of two kinetically distinct carriers in heart cells: X. Wang, et al.; Biochem. J. 290, 249 (1993) Abstract
The effect of glucose and galactose toxicity on myo-inositol transport and metabolism in human skin fibroblasts in culture: G.T. Berry, et al.; Pediat. Res. 35, 141 (1994) Abstract
Activating effect of the flavonoid phloretin on Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in myelinated nerve fibers of Xenopus laevis: D.S. Koh, et al.; Neurosci. Lett. 165, 167 (1994)