ALEXIS Biochemicals: Monoclonal Antibody to ssDNA (F7-26)

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ALX-630-107

Revised 21-Feb-08

Bleomycin . sulfate
SYNONYMS	Blenoxane
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-630-107-M010		10 mg	155.00 USD
ALX-630-107-M050		50 mg	595.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅₅H₈₂N₁₇O₂₁S₃ . H₂SO₄
MW:	1413.6 . 98.1
CAS NUMBER:	9041-93-4
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1318
RTECS:	EC5991990
SOURCE/HOST:	A group of related glycopeptide antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces verticillus.
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (20mg/ml) or methanol.
ACTIVITY:	1'500-2'000 IU/mg (corresponds to 1.5-2.0 bleomycin units (USP)/mg)
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Solutions in normal saline (~2mg/ml) are stable for 3 months when stored at +4°C in a glass container or stable for 1 month when stored at +4°C in a PVC container. Solutions in water are stable for several days only.
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description

Radiomimetic DNA-cleaving agent that produces double and single DNA strand breaks through an oxygen-radical-dependent mechanism. Inhibits intracellular DNA replication. DNA alkylating agent. Antineoplastic.

Product Specific Literature References

Bleomycin and other antitumor antibiotics of high molecular weight: H. Umezawa; Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. (Bethesda) 5, 1079 (1965) Abstract
Specificity of deoxyribonucleic acid cleavage by bleomycin, phleomycin, and tallysomycin: J. Kross, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 4310 (1982) Abstract
Chromatin structure during bleomycin-induced DNA damage and repair
: B.P. Cuiffo, et al.; J. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1, 139 (1985) Abstract
Cleavage of tRNA by Fe(II)-bleomycin: A. Huttenhofer, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 24471 (1992) Abstract
Antiangiogenic chemotherapeutic agents: characterization in comparison to their tumor growth inhibition in human renal cell carcinoma models: M. Schirner, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 1331 (1998) Abstract
Sequence-specific changes in the metal site of ferric bleomycin induced by the binding of DNA: J.W. Sam, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16090 (1998) Abstract
Changes in c-Jun but not Bcl-2 family proteins in p53-dependent apoptosis of mouse cerebellar granule neurons induced by DNA damaging agent bleomycin: T. Araki, et al.; Brain Res. 794, 239 (1998) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by bleomycin in resting and cycling human lymphocytes: P. Vernole, et al.; Mutagenesis 13, 209 (1998) Abstract
Synergistic Effects of Laserthermia and Bleomycin-sulfate on Micronuclei Formation in Cytokinesis-blocked HeLa Cells: A.Sh. Monfared & H. Mozdarani; Irn. J. Med. Sci. 24, 87 (1999)
Bleomycin: new perspectives on the mechanism of action: S.M. Hecht; J. Nat. Prod. 63, 158 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Bleomycin-induced alterations in DNA replication: relationship to DNA damage: J. Dziegielewski, et al.; Biochemistry 40, 704 (2001) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • DNA Fragmentation & Chromatin Condensation

ALX-350-303

Revised 12-Feb-07

Heraclenin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-303-M002		2 mg	70.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₁₄O₅
MW:	286.3
PURITY:	≥99% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in methanol or water. Almonst insoluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

The furanocoumarins heraclenin (Prod. No. ALX-350-303) and imperatorin (Prod. No. ALX-350-302) inhibit T cell-receptor-mediated proliferation in human primary T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Both compounds also induce apoptosis. While imperatorin induces DNA fragmentation at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, heraclenin induces DNA fragmentation at the G2/M phases of the cell cycle, thus despite a close structural similarity they induce apoptosis in mechanistically different ways.

Product Specific Literature References

Coumarins from Opopanax chironium. New dihydrofuranocoumarins and differential induction of apoptosis by imperatorin and heraclenin: G. Appendino, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 67, 532 (2004) Abstract
Imperatorin inhibits T-cell proliferation by targeting the transcription factor NFAT: N. Marquez, et al.; Planta Med. 70, 1016 (2004) Abstract
Imperatorin inhibits HIV-1 replication through an Sp1-dependent pathway: R. Sancho, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 37349 (2004) Abstract; Full Text

Related Products

ALX-350-303

Heraclenin

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents • DNA Fragmentation & Chromatin Condensation • CD11a, CD18 [LFA-1] & CD54 [ICAM-1], CD102 [ICAM-2], CD50 [ICAM-3]/Related Products • Ca2+ Channels Other Products • HIV/AIDS/Related Products

ALX-380-097

Revised 23-Apr-08

Mithramycin A
SYNONYMS	Mithracin Aureolic acid Aurelic acid Plicamycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-097-M001		1 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-380-097-M005		5 mg	120.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅₂H₇₆O₂₄
MW:	1085.2
CAS NUMBER:	18378-89-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7536
RTECS:	PZ2800000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces argillaceus.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Antineoplastic and immunosuppressive antibiotic. Inhibits transcription and protein synthesis. Substrate of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Binds to DNA in native chromatin. DNA-binding fluorescent dye.

Product Specific Literature References

Aureolic acid group of anti-tumour antibiotics: Y.U. Berlin, et al.; Nature 218, 193 (1968) Abstract
Chromomycin A3, mithramycin, and olivomycin: antitumor antibiotics of related structure: M. Slavik & S.K. Carter; Adv. Pharmacol. Chemother. 12, 1 (1975) Abstract
Mithramycin blocks protein binding and function of the SV40 early promoter: R. Ray, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 83, 2003 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Association of chromatin with anticancer antibiotics, mithramycin and chromomycin A3: M.A. Mir, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11, 2791 (2003) Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces fractalkine expression preferentially in arterial endothelial cells and mithramycin A suppresses TNF-alpha-induced fractalkine expression: S.Y. Ahn, et al.; Am. J. Pathol. 164, 1663 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Mithramycin A activates Fas death pathway in leukemic cell lines: I. Leroy, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 113 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MDR Inhibitors • DNA Fragmentation & Chromatin Condensation • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

ALX-804-192

Revised 30-Jul-07

Monoclonal Antibody to ssDNA (F7-26)
SYNONYMS	anti-Single-stranded DNA MAb (F7-26)
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	DNA Fragmentation & Chromatin Condensation

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-192-R200		200 µl	190.00 USD
ALX-804-192-L001		1 ml	430.00 USD

Product Specification

CLONE:	F7-26
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgM
QUANTITY:	200µl/20 tests; 1ml/100 tests
CONCENTRATION:	0.1mg/ml
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS).
IMMUNOGEN:	Calf thymus ssDNA.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes deoxycytidine of ssDNA of at least 25-30 bases in length in the absence of any reactivity to double-stranded DNA; not species-specific. Specifically detects apoptotic cells; necrotic cells are not recognized.
APPLICATION:	Flow Cytometry Immunocytochemistry Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections, paraffin sections - important: applicable for cold fixation at +4°C - for reference see Manual).
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C

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Product Description

This reagent (MAb F7-26) allows the important discrimination between apoptosis and necrosis [1-3,6,7]. In this respect it can be regarded as a unique research tool superior to TUNEL staining [4,5]. The specificity of the assay is based upon the high sensitivity of DNA to thermal denaturation in condensed chromatin of apoptotic cells.

Although there is no change of the original product there have been important improvements in the staining protocol involving a formamide-based DNA-denaturation [8]. This is now more convenient to use, yielding a sharper contrast between apoptotic cells and controls. The increased sensitivity of MAb F7-26 allows omission of a previously recommended Biotin/Streptavidin amplification step, a source of background problems. The APOSTAIN assay is now applicable for cold (4°C) formalin fixed tissue. For recent applications of MAb F7-26 see [9-15].

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Detection of DNA damage in individual cells by flow cytometric analysis using anti-DNA monoclonal antibody: O.S. Frankfurt; Exp. Cell. Res. 170, 369 (1987) Abstract
[2] Detection of apoptosis in leukemic and breast cancer cells with monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA: O.S. Frankfurt; Anticancer Res. 14, 1861 (1994) Abstract
[3] Decreased stability of DNA in cells treated with alkylating agents: O.S. Frankfurt; Exp. Cell. Res. 191, 181 (1990) Abstract
[4] A cautionary note on the use of the TUNEL stain to determine apoptosis: C. Charriaut-Marlangue & J. Ben-Ari; Neuroreport 7, 61 (1995) Abstract
[5] In Situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL assay) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis and autolytic cell death: A cautionary note: B. Grasl-Kraupp, et al.; Hepatology 21, 1465 (1995) Abstract
[6] Monoclonal antibody to single-stranded DNA is a specific and sensitive cellular marker of apoptosis: O.S. Frankfurt, et al.; Exp. Cell. Res. 226, 387 (1996) Abstract
[7] Detection of apoptotic cells with monoclonal antibodies to single-stranded DNA: O.S. Frankfurt; Apoptosis Detection and Assay Methods (Eds L. Zhu & J. Chun) 47 (1998)
[8] Identification of apoptotic cells by formamide-induced dna denaturation in condensed chromatin: O.S. Frankfurt & A. Krishan; J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49, 369 (2001) Abstract
[9] Apoptosis: one of the mechanisms that maintains unresponsiveness of the intestinal mucosal immune system: P. Bu, et al.; J. Immunol. 166, 6399 (2001) Abstract
[10] Effects of dexamethasone on apoptosis-related cell death after spinal cord injury: M. Zurita, et al.; J. Neurosurg. 96, 83 (2002) Abstract
[11] Imbalance between apostain expression and proliferative index can predict survival in primary glioblastoma: J. Vaquero, et al.; Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 144, 151 (2002) Abstract
[12] Early T-cell apoptosis and Fas expression during antiretroviral therapy in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1: S.P. Aries, et al.; Scand. J. Immunol. 48, 86 (1998) Abstract
[13] DNA strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease: E. Adamec, et al.; Brain Res. 849, 67 (1999) Abstract
[14] In vivo amifostine (WR-2721) prevents chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from cancer patients: M. Provinciali, et al.; Life Sci. 64, 1525 (1999) Abstract
[15] Prediction of imminent complications in HIV-1-infected patients by markers of lymphocyte apoptosis: J.C. Wasmuth, et al.; J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 23, 44 (2000) Abstract
[16] Caspase-independent phosphatidylserine exposure during apoptosis of primary T lymphocytes: C. Ferraro-Peyret, et al.; J. Immunol. 169, 4805 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[17] Cathepsin-B-dependent apoptosis triggered by antithymocyte globulins: a novel mechanism of T-cell depletion: M. C. Michallet, et al.; Blood 102, 3719 (2003) Abstract

General Information

MANUFACTURER

Manufactured by Apostain, Inc.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

DNA Repair Other Products • DNA-based Apoptosis Detection • Monoclonal Antibodies

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FORMULA:	C₁₆H₁₄O₄
MW:	270.3
PURITY:	≥99% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in methanol or water. Almonst insoluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C