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DNA Fragmentation, Damage & Repair
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ALX-210-803 Revised 09-Feb-05
Polyclonal Antibody to Ataxia telangiectasia Mutated (human)
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SYNONYMS anti-ATM (human) PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ataxia telangiectasia Mutated / Related Products
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ALX-210-803-C100   100 µg 330.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION: 0.1mg/ml
FORMULATION: 100µg of purified antibody in 1.0ml of 0.05M sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.1% sodium azide and 0.2% gelatin.
IMMUNOGEN: Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 819-844 of human ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human ATM.
APPLICATION: Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Do not freeze.
Product Description
Ataxia telangiectasia is a recesive childhood disease by mutations in the ATM (AT-mutated) gene. ATM protein and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) belongs to a family of protein kinases that share similarities at their C-terminal region with the catalytic domain of PI(3)K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). ATM and ATR function in response to DNA damage and repair as well as at DNA replication checkpoints during the cell cycle. ATM and ATR directly phosphorylate the breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 following DNA damage and also regulate Chk1, which is required for the G2/M checkpoint. Like DNA-PK ATR phosphorylates p53 on serine 15. ATM has also been shown to phosphorylate murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and to interact with histone deacetylase. ATM, but not ATR is cleaved during apoptosis very similar to PARP.
Product Specific Literature References
Ataxia-telangiectasia and cellular responses to DNA damage: M.S. Meyn; Cancer Res. 55, 5991 (1995) Abstract
Defective G2 checkpoint function in cells from individuals with familial cancer syndromes: R.S. Paules, et al.; Cancer Res. 55, 1763 (1995) Abstract
A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia: M.B. Kastan, et al.; Cell 71, 587 (1992) Abstract
Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: a new explanation: R.B. Painter & B.R. Young; PNAS 77, 7315 (1980) Abstract
The complete sequence of the coding region of the ATM gene reveals similarity to cell cycle regulators in different species: K. Savitsky, et al.; Hum. Mol. Genet. 4, 2025 (1995) Abstract
A single ataxia telangiectasia gene with a product similar to PI-3 kinase: K. Savitsky, et al.; Science 268, 1749 (1995) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Recommendations for Western blotting

ATM is a high MW protein of ~350kDa and as such, conditions may require optimization. 100-150µg of cell lysate is loaded on 5% acrylamide gels (until 200kDa marker is halfway through the gel) and transferred to nitrocellulose using semi-dry transfer at 9V constant voltage for 2 hours. Detection should be done using HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG. This antibody may detect several smaller non-specific bands present in both ATM mutant and wild type cells. Therefore, careful titering of antibody concentrations is recommended.
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Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-798 Revised 27-Dec-06
Polyclonal Antibody to ATR (human)
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SYNONYMS anti-Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related Protein (human) PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ataxia telangiectasia Mutated / Related Products
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ALX-210-798-R100   100 µl 379.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION: 4mg/ml
FORMULATION: Liquid. Affinity purified IgG in PBS containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein) (aa 400-460).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human ATR. Detects a band of ~305kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION: Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1:1'000)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-066 Revised 30-Oct-06
Polyclonal Antibody to ATRIP (human)
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SYNONYMS anti-ATR-interacting Protein (human) PAb
anti-ATM and Rad3-related Interacting Protein (human) PAb
anti-Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related Interacting Protein (human) PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY Ataxia telangiectasia Mutated / Related Products
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ALX-210-066-C050   50 µg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION: ~3.8mg/ml
FORMULATION: Liquid. Protein G purified antibody in PBS containing 10% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human ATRIP (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related interacting protein) (aa 1-182).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human ATRIP.
APPLICATION: Immunohistochemistry
Immunoprecipitation (0.1-0.5µg)
Western Blot (0.75µg/ml)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
ATR and ATRIP: partners in checkpoint signaling: D. Cortez, et al.; Science 294, 1713 (2001) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-416 Revised 01-Nov-07
Polyclonal Antibody to Deoxyribonuclease I
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SYNONYMS anti-DNase I PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY DNA Endonucleases / Related Products
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ALX-210-416-R100   100 µl 270.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
Rat
Others
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
FORMULATION: Neat serum.
IMMUNOGEN: Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 66-76 (H66LVAVGKLLDE76) of mouse deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes a DNase I specific fragment in human, mouse, rat and bovine. No cross-reactivity against other members of the DNase I family (DNase X, DNaseγ and DNAS1L2).
APPLICATION: ELISA
Immunohistochemistry (paraffin sections)
Western Blot
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Images
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Product Specific Literature References
Expression pattern of the Deoxyribonuclease 1 gene: lessons from the Dnase1 knockout mouse: M. Napirei, et al.; Biochem. J. 380, 929 (2004) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION For more information click here to download a poster showing the production and use (ELISA, Western blot, Immunohistochemistry) of PAb to Deoxyribonuclease I (Prod. No. ALX-210-416).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-530 Revised 13-Oct-08
Polyclonal Antibody to DMPO
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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ALX-210-530-R100   100 µl 290.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Contains no stabilizers or preservatives.
IMMUNOGEN: DMPO-octanoic acid conjugated to ovalbumin.
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes DMPO (Prod. No. ALX-430-090), DMPO-octanoic acid and DMPO-protein adducts. Does not cross react with non-adducted proteins.
APPLICATION: ELISA: 1:5’000. Reactive against DMPO-protein adducts in dilutions of 1:100-10’000 followed by reaction with alkaline phosphatase conjugated, affinity purified anti-rabbit IgG (goat).
Immunocytochemistry
Western Blot: 1:5’000.
Optimal conditions must be determined individually for each application.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C. Dilute only prior to immediate use.
Product Images
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Product Specific Literature References
Immunological identification of the heart myoglobin radical formed by hydrogen peroxide: C.D. Detweiler, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 364 (2002) Abstract
Immunochemical detection of hemoglobin-derived radicals formed by reaction with hydrogen peroxide: involvement of a protein-tyrosyl radical: D.C. Ramirez, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34, 830 (2003) Abstract
UVA-ketoprofen-induced hemoglobin radicals detected by immuno-spin trapping: Y.Y. He, et al.; Photochem. Photobiol. 77, 585 (2003) Abstract
Reaction of human hemoglobin with peroxynitrite. Isomerization to nitrate and secondary formation of protein radicals: N. Romero, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 44049 (2003) Abstract
Identification of free radicals on hemoglobin from its self-peroxidation using mass spectrometry and immuno-spin trapping: observation of a histidinyl radical: L. Deterding; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 11600 (2004) Abstract
Using anti-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (anti-DMPO) to detect protein radicals in time and space with immuno-spin trapping: R.P. Mason; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36, 1214 (2004) Abstract
Protein radical formation during lactoperoxidase-mediated oxidation of the suicide substrate glutathione: immunochemical detection of a lactoperoxidase radical-derived 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide nitrone adduct: Q. Guo, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 13272 (2004) Abstract
Involvement of protein radical, protein aggregation, and effects on NO metabolism in the hypochlorite-mediated oxidation of mitochondrial cytochrome c: Y.R. Chen, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 37, 1591 (2004) Abstract
Novel identification of a sulfur-centered, radical-derived 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide nitrone adduct formed from the oxidation of DTT by LC/ELISA, LC/electrospray ionization-MS, and LC/tandem MS: Q. Guo, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1481 (2004) Abstract
Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-centered radical formation as explored by immuno-spin trapping: the role of copper- and carbonate radical anion-mediated oxidations: D.C. Ramirez, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 38, 201 (2005) Abstract
Copper-catalyzed protein oxidation and its modulation by carbon dioxide: enhancement of protein radicals in cells: D.C. Ramirez, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 27402 (2005) Abstract
Identification of the myoglobin tyrosyl radical by immuno-spin trapping and its dimerization: C.D. Detweiler, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 38, 969 (2005) Abstract
Immuno-spin trapping: detection of protein-centered radicals: D.C. Ramirez, et al.; Curr. Prot. in Toxicology 2, 17.7.1 (2005)
Cytochrome c acts as a cardiolipin oxygenase required for release of proapoptotic factors: V.E. Kagan, et al.; Nat. Chem. Biol. 1, 223 (2005) Abstract
Superoxide generation from mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase induces self-inactivation with specific protein radical formation: Y.R. Chen, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 37339 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Immunochemical detection of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide trapping of the tyrosyl radical and the resulting nitrotyrosine in sperm whale myoglobin: K. Nakai and R.P. Mason; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 39, 1050 (2005) Abstract
Immuno-spin trapping of DNA radicals: D.C. Ramirez, et al.; Nat. Methods 3, 123 (2006) Abstract
Immuno-spin trapping of hemoglobin and myoglobin radicals derived from nitrite-mediated oxidation: A. Keszler, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 40, 507 (2006) Abstract
Immuno-spin trapping: A breakthrough for sensitive detection of protein-derived radicals: R. Radi, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41, 416 (2006)
Protein radical formation on thyroid peroxidase during turnover: M. Ehrenshaft, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41, 422 (2006)
Immunolocalization of hypochlorite-induced, catalase-bound free radical formation in mouse hepatocytes: M.G. Bonini et al.; Free Rad. Biol. Med. 42, 530 (2007)
Mitochondrial Complex II in the Post-ischemic Heart: Oxidative injury and the role or protein S-Glutathionylation: Y.R. Chen, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 282, 32640 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Damage & Repair Other Products • Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-553 Revised 14-Oct-08
Polyclonal Antibody to DNA Polymerase β
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SYNONYMS anti-Pol β PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY DNA Repair Other Products
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ALX-210-553-R100   100 µl 290.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
FORMULATION: Liquid. 100µl of antiserum in stabilization buffer containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human Pol β (DNA polymerase β).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human and mouse Pol β. Detects a band of  ~45kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION: Western Blot (1:500)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
General Information
During base excision repair (BER) DNA polymerase β (Pol β) is recruited by APE1. Pol β has two distinct domains, the larger is the polymerase domain itself, whereas a small basic N-terminal domain contains an AP lyase activity that excises the abasic sugar-phosphate residue at the strand break. Pol β also interacts with XRCC1, DNA ligase III and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the repair of DNA single strand breaks. Pol β plays a role in both BER pathways, "single-nucleotide" and "long patch". It is the most inaccurate of the six DNA polymerases found in mammalian cells. Overexpression of Pol β, as found in some human tumors, could confer an increase in spontaneous mutagenesis. It has been further suggested that Pol β does not excise 5’-oxidized AP sites induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
General Literature References
Apurinic endonuclease (Ref-1) is induced in mammalian cells by oxidative stress and involved in clastogenic adaptation: S. Grösch, et al.; Cancer Res. 58, 4410 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Cells deficient in DNA polymerase beta are hypersensitive to alkylating agent-induced apoptosis and chromosomal breakage: K. Ochs, et al.; Cancer Res. 59, 1544 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-802 Revised 06-Dec-06
Polyclonal Antibody to 8-Hydroxyguanosine
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-210-802-R100   100 µl 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: From goat.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Neat serum containing 0.1% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Synthetic 8-hydroxyguanosine-conjugate.
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes 8-hydroxyguanosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Partially cross-reacts with 8-mercaptoguanosine and slightly with 8-bromoguanosine. Does not cross-react with other naturally occuring nucleotides.
APPLICATION: ELISA (1:250'000)
Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections, paraffin sections (1:200))
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
General Information
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG) is a modified base that occurs in DNA due to attack by hydroxyl radicals that are formed as byproducts and intermediates of aerobic metabolism and during oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence to support the involvement of free radical reactions in the damage of biomolecules that eventually lead to several diseases in humans, such as atherosclerosis, cerebral and heart ischemia-reperfusion injury, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, diabetes, aging and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease. 8OHdG has become increasing popular as a sensitive, stable and integral marker of oxidative damage in cellular DNA. Biomonitoring in humans has demonstrated that 8OHdG can be excreted in the urine and that a significant increase is caused by exposure to tobacco smoke and ionizing radiation. Because 8OHdG is so well correlated with oxidative stress and damage to DNA, which leads to degenerative disease states, the development of an antibody that can be used to study DNA damage has numerous applications. In addition to the direct study of DNA damage within cells, this antibody has applications in the development of immunoassays that can monitor 8OHdG excretion in the urine and serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Industrial uses may extend to the dietary supplement manufacturers, who could benefit from an immunoassay that could be used to test the effectiveness of antioxidants and other nutraceuticals.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Nucleic Acid Oxidation & Alkylation / Related Products • Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-551 Revised 23-Feb-05
Polyclonal Antibody to O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
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SYNONYMS anti-O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY DNA Repair Other Products
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ALX-210-551-R100   100 µl 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
Rat
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
FORMULATION: Contains 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Human MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human, mouse and rat MGMT.
APPLICATION: Western Blot (1:100-1:1'000)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Specific Literature References
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity in breast and brain tumors: I. Preuss, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 61, 321 (1995) Abstract
General Information
O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes O6-methylguanine from DNA by transferring the O6-alkyl group to a specific cysteine residue within its own sequence irreversibly inactivating MGMT. Unrepaired alkylated guanine will cause G·C -> A·T transition mutations by anomalous base pairing during DNA replication. DNA damage by O6-methylguanine can induce apoptosis regulated by Bcl-2 and caspases- 3 & -9. MGMT is able to remove O4-alkylated-thymine.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA & RNA Methyl & Alkyl Transferases / Related Products • Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-550 Revised 08-Dec-04
Polyclonal Antibody to 8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (human)
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SYNONYMS anti-OGG1 (human) PAb
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY DNA Repair Other Products
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ALX-210-550-R100   100 µl 290.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Antiserum in stabilization buffer containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human OGG1 (8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human OGG1. Detects a band of ~38kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION: Western Blot (in highly expressing cells; 1:500-1:1'000)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
General Information
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG, 8-hydroxyguanine) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxyformamidopyrimidine (Fapy) are major DNA lesions formed by reactive oxygen species and are involved in mutagenic and/or lethal events in cells. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycoxylase (OGG1) can recognize both lesions end excise the altered base, leaving behind an abasic site that is restored to guanine by the cellular abasic site repair/replication machinery. Loss of OGG1 activity results in an overal G·C to T·A transversion mutation. The human OGG1 (hOGG1) gene is located on chromosome 3 (3p26), being subject to monoallelic deletion resulting in loss of heterozygosity. This state can be found in 100% of samll-cell lung cancers and up to 50% in other form of cancer. hOGG1 exists in two main splice variants, α-hOGG1 located in the nucleus and β-hOGG1 located in the mitochondrion. OGG1 was cloned initially from S. cerevisiae and recently from human as hOGG1 (hOGH1, hMMH).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-210-951 Revised 23-Apr-08
Polyclonal Antibody to PALB2 (human) (AT126)
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SYNONYMS anti-Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 (human) PAb (AT126)
anti-FANCN (human) PAb (AT126)
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY BRCA1 & BRCA2 / Related Products
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ALX-210-951-C100   100 µg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SOURCE/HOST: From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL: Protein A-affinity purified.
FORMULATION: Liquid. In PBS containing 0.02% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human PALB2 (aa 1-200).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human PALB2.
APPLICATION: Immunoprecipitation (weak (1:100))
Western Blot (1:1“000)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
General Information
PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2; FANCN) has been identified as a new BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2) binding protein. PALB2 colocalizes with BRCA2 in nuclear foci, promotes its stability in key nuclear structurs (chromatin and nuclear matrix) and enables its recombinational repair and checkpoint functions. Mutations in the gene of PALB2 may contribute to breast cancer development (as well as prostate cancer). Mutations in PALB2 also cause Fanconi anemia.
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by Apotech Corporation.
General Literature References
Control of BRCA2 cellular and clinical functions by a nuclear partner, PALB2: B. Xia, et al.; Mol. Cell 22, 719 (2006) Abstract
PALB2, which encodes a BRCA2-interacting pro