ALEXIS Biochemicals: ZnAF-2 DA

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-620-076-M001		1 mg	380.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₈H₃₂N₄O₇
MW:	656.7
CAS NUMBER:	357339-96-9
CONCENTRATION:	~5mM
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In DMSO.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Prepare 500-5’000-fold dilution (~10-1µM) in HEPES buffer (0.1M phosphate, pH 7.4) immediately before use. BSA, phenol red and amines may affect the fluorescence and must be used with caution. Do not store the dilutions.
HANDLING:	Protect from light. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Keep under inert gas.

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Product Description

Cell permeable derivative of ZnAF-2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-072). Fluorescent reagent (Ex(max): 492nm; Em(max): 514nm) for the detection of low concentration of zinc ion due to its strong affinity to zinc ion (dissociation constant: 2.7nM). The sample zinc ion can be specifically detected. Low background fluorescense supersensitizes the visualization for in vivo sample zinc ion.

Product Specific Literature References

Highly Zinc-Selective Fluorescent Sensor Molecules Suitable for Biological Applications : T. Hirano, et al.; JACS 122, 12399 (2000) Full Text
Mossy fiber Zn2+ spillover modulates heterosynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in hippocampal CA3 circuits: S. Ueno, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 158, 215 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Improvement and biological applications of fluorescent probes for zinc, ZnAFs: T. Hirano, et al.; JACS 124, 6555 (2002) Abstract

General Information

Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant transition metal in the body ant it is essential as catalytic, structural and regulatory ion. Zinc ions are involved in homeostasis, immune responses, oxidative stress, apoptosis and aging. Zinc has been proposed to function as a conventional neurotransmitter for the presynaptic neuron and as a transmembrane signal to traverse the postsynaptic neuron. Aberrant zinc metabolism is associated with many neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. The most suitable technique for in vivo monitoring of zinc has been proven to be fluroescent imaging.

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Biological Applications:
1) Zn²⁺ imaging with macrophage (RAW 264.7) (Figure 2)
Culture: 37°C, 5% CO₂, 95% air, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin and streptomycin.
Washing: Washed twice with PBS.
Staining: Incubation with PBS containing 10µm ZnAF-2 DA at 37°C for 0.5 hours.
Measure: Measured using a fluorescence microscope.
Result: An increase of the fluorescence intensity was observed within intercellular region (1-3) as the concentration of zinc was increased by adding 5µM of pyrithione and 50µM of zinc sulfate into extracellular fluid at 5 min after start of measurement. Few changes appeared within extracellular region (4). After 20 min, the fluorescence intensity decreased as the concentration of zinc ion in cells was decreased by the addition of TPEN (Prod. No. ALX-450-011) to the extracellular fluid.

Imaging of rat hippocampal slides (Figure 3)
Preparation of slides: Whole brain including hippocampus was removed under Ringer's solution and cut into 300µm thick slides. The slides were put into Ringer's solution at 30°C for 30 min.
Staining: The slides were put into Ringer's solution containing 10µM ZnAF-2 DA and incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours.
Washing: Slides were washed for 1.5 hours.
Measure: Slides were placed in the chamber which was set on a stage of the fluorescence microscope. Ringer's solution was perfused in the chamber at 2.5ml/min. The inside temperature of the chamber was 33-34°C. The Ringer's solution was consistently being bubbled with 5% CO₂, 95% air.

Changes in the imaging fluorescence of the hippocampal slides stained with ZnAF-2 DA with time (Figure 4)
Changes in the fluorescence intensity (the starting intensity is 1 and the changes of the ratio are showed in artifical colors) as the ischemic stimulation, in which concentrations of glucose and oxygen in the perfusion liquid were decreased, was given. Intensification of the alternative fluorescence was showed in CA1 (1 and 2). It is believed that the intensification physiologically implied the involvement in the alternative death of nerve cells during cerebral ischemia (caused in CA1).

General Literature References

Fluorescent detection of zinc in biological systems: recent development on the design of chemosensors and biosensors : P. Jiang & Z. Guo; Coord. Chem. Rev. 248, 205 (2004) Full Text
Zinc: a multipurpose trace element: M. Stefanidou, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. 80, 1 (2006) Abstract
Sticky fingers: zinc-fingers as protein-recognition motifs: R. Gamsjaeger, et al.; TIBS 32, 63 (2007) Abstract
Mechanism and regulation of cellular zinc transport: I. Sekler, et al.; Mol. Med. 13, 337 (2007) Abstract; Full Text