ALEXIS Biochemicals: RIG-I (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application]

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APO-54N-035

Revised 10-Oct-08

MDA5 (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application]
SYNONYMS	Melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5 (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application] Helicard (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application]
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	RNA Helicases / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
APO-54N-035-KI01		1 Set	630.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
SENSITIVITY:	0.4ng/ml (range 0 to 32ng/ml).
QUANTITY:	For 5x96 wells.
KIT/SET CONTAINS:	1 vial Standard (lyophilized) (STD). 1 vial Coating Antibody (COAT). 1 vial Detection Antibody (DET).
APPLICATION:	For the quantitative determination of human MDA5 in cell extracts.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description

This intracellular Detection Set is for measuring protein levels in cell lysates. It allows to quantitatively determine:
a. Levels of MDA5
b. Interferon response since MDA5 is an interferon inducible gene
b. Virus infection response

General Information

The innate immune response to viruses is initiated upon detection of viral RNA generated during the life cycle of most viruses [1]. Recognition of the viral RNA is mediated by either the two cytoplasmic RNA helicases Retinoic acid Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-I ; Ddx58) and Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5 (MDA5 / Helicard; Ifih1) [2] or by Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) located to an endosomal-like compartment [3]. RIG-I and MDA5 belongs to the family of RIG-I like receptor (RLR) together with the protein LGP2 whose function is still elusive [4, 5]. Upon binding to RNA, RIG-I or MDA5 binds a new mediator named Cardif, MAVS (mitochondrial antiviral signalling), IPS-1 (interferon-β promoter stimulator 1) or VISA (virus-induced signalling adapter) [6, 7]. Cardif/ MAVS/ IPS-1/ VISA then interacts with several TRAFs molecules, leading to the activation of regulatory kinases, such as TBK1, IKKε , and the IKKα/β/γ complex. These kinases activate respective transcription factors, IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-κB that participate in the activation of IFN and other inflammatory cytokine genes. RIG-I is activated by dsRNA and 5′-ppp RNA while only poly I: C acts as a chemical agonist for MDA5. The physiological agonist of MDA5 has still to be discovered. Mda-5 is an early response gene inducible by IFN and tumor necrosis factor-α, responding predominantly to IFN-β [8].
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION	Swiss-Prot link Q9BYX4: MDA5 (human)
MANUFACTURER	Manufactured by Apotech Corporation.

General Literature References

[8] mda-5: An interferon-inducible putative RNA helicase with double-stranded RNA-dependent ATPase activity and melanoma growth-suppressive properties: D.C. Kang, et al.; PNAS 99, 637 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[6] Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus: E. Meylan, et al.; Nature 437, 1167 (2005) Abstract
[7] IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction: T. Kawai, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 981 (2005) Abstract
[1] Recognition of viruses by innate immunity: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Immunol. Rev. 220, 214 (2007) Abstract
[4] Cytoplasmic recognition of RNA: M. Yoneyama, et al.; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 841 (2008) Abstract
[5] Loss of DExD/H box RNA helicase LGP2 manifests disparate antiviral responses: T. Venkataraman, et al.; J. Immunol. 178, 6444 (2007) Abstract
[2] MDA5/RIG-I and virus recognition: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 17 (2008) Abstract
[3] TLR3: Interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C): M. Matsumoto & T. Seya; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 805 (2008)

Related Products

ALX-210-352	Polyclonal Antibody to MDA5 (mouse) (AL180)
ALX-210-935	Polyclonal Antibody to MDA5 (human) (AT113)
ALX-804-863	Monoclonal Antibody to MDA5 (human) (Hely-1)
APO-54N-039	MDA5 (human) (IntraCellular) ELISA Kit

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NF-kB Pathway Other Products • Antiviral Signalling / Related Products • Caspase Recruitment Domain [CARD] Proteins / Related Products • Interferons & Interferon Receptors Other Products • ELISA Sets

APO-54N-038

Revised 10-Oct-08

RIG-I (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application]
SYNONYMS	Retinoic Acid-inducible Gene 1 (human) (IntraCellular) Detection Set [For ELISA Application]
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	RNA Helicases / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
APO-54N-038-KI01		1 Set	630.00 USD

Product Specification

SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:	Human
SENSITIVITY:	0.4ng/ml (range 0 to 32ng/ml).
QUANTITY:	For 5x96 wells.
KIT/SET CONTAINS:	1 vial Standard (lyophilized) (STD). 1 vial Coating Antibody (COAT). 1 vial Detection Antibody (DET).
APPLICATION:	For the quantitative determination of human RIG-I in cell extracts.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

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General Information

The innate immune response to viruses is initiated upon detection of viral RNA generated during the life cycle of most viruses [1]. Recognition of the viral RNA is mediated by either the two cytoplasmic RNA helicases Retinoic acid Inducible Gene-1 (RIG-I ; Ddx58) and Melanoma Differentiation Associated gene 5 (MDA5 / Helicard) [2] or by Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) located to an endosomal-like compartment [3]. RIG-I and MDA5 belong to the family of RIG-I like receptor (RLR) together with the protein LGP2 whose function is still elusive [4, 5]. Upon binding to RNA, RIG-I or MDA5 binds a new mediator named Cardif, MAVS, IPS-1 or VISA [6, 7] that signals through transcription factors, such as IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-κB leading to the activation of interferons (IFNs) and other inflammatory cytokine genes. RIG-I is activated by dsRNA and 5′-ppp RNA. RIG-I has been shown to trigger innate immune signaling pathways during infection by orthomyxoviruses, rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and paramyxoviruses; and possibly by the filovirus Ebola virus and by the Epstein-Barr virus [8]. Virus infection induces a rapid production of IFN-α/β that leads to expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) whose products direct antiviral actions. RIG-I belongs to the ISG gene family and monitoring its levels using the RIG-I (human) Detection Set (IC) can be used as indicator of IFN production and virus infection.

MANUFACTURER

Manufactured by Apotech Corporation.

General Literature References

[1] Recognition of viruses by innate immunity: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Immunol. Rev. 220, 214 (2007) Abstract
[2] MDA5/RIG-I and virus recognition: O. Takeuchi & S. Akira; Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 17 (2008) Abstract
[3] TLR3: Interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C): M. Matsumoto & T. Seya; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 805 (2008) Abstract
[4] Cytoplasmic recognition of RNA: M. Yoneyama, et al.; Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 841 (2008) Abstract
[5] Loss of DExD/H box RNA helicase LGP2 manifests disparate antiviral responses: T. Venkataraman, et al.; J. Immunol. 178, 6444 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
[6] Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus: E. Meylan, et al.; Nature 437, 1167 (2005) Abstract
[7] IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I- and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction: T. Kawai, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 981 (2005) Abstract
[8] Distinct RIG-I and MDA5 signaling by RNA viruses in innate immunity: Y.M. Loo, et al.; J. Virol. 82, 335 (2008) Abstract; Full Text

ALX-840-609	Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to RIG-I (human)
ALX-804-849	Monoclonal Antibody to RIG-I (Alme-1)
ALX-210-932	Polyclonal Antibody to RIG-I (human) (AT111)