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ALX-350-104

Revised 10-May-07

Aaptamine
SYNONYMS	8,9-Dimethoxy-1H-benzo[de][1,6]naphtyridine
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-104-M001		1 mg	90.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₃H₁₂N₂O₂
MW:	228.3
CAS NUMBER:	85547-22-4
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from the sponge Aaptos aaptos.
PURITY:	≥97%
APPEARANCE:	Oil.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Competitive antagonist of α-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Inhibits cancer cell growth.

Product Specific Literature References

Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action of aaptamine, a novel marine natural product, in vascular smooth muscle: Y. Ohizumi, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36, 785 (1984) Abstract
Antineoplastic agents 491. Synthetic conversion of aaptamine to isoaaptamine, 9-demethylaaptamine, and 4-methylaaptamine: G.R. Pettit, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 69, 2251 (2004) Abstract
Aaptamine, a spongean alkaloid, activates p21 promoter in a p53-independent manner: S. Aoki, et al.; BBRC 342, 101 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Alkaloids • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Marine Natural Products

ALX-270-047

Revised 26-Sep-07

Aristolochic acid
SYNONYMS	8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M025		25 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-270-047-M100		100 mg	90.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₁NO₇
MW:	341.3
CAS NUMBER:	313-67-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 786
RTECS:	CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY:	≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE:	Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description

Phospholipase A₂(PLA₂) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA₂activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.

Product Specific Literature References

Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Other Toxins • Alkaloids

ALX-350-366

Revised 03-Apr-08

Azaspiracid-1
SYNONYMS	AZA-1
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-366-C001		1 µg	180.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₇H₇₁NO₁₂
MW:	842.1
CAS NUMBER:	214899-21-5
SOURCE/HOST:	Islolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION:	2μg/ml
PURITY:	≥95%
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description

Activator of JNK (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase). Cellular growth inhibitor and inducer of cytoskeletal alterations. Activator of caspases. Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and calcium levels. Inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells. Potent teratogen to finfish. Cytotoxic to mammalian cells.

Product Specific Literature References

Multiple organ damage caused by a new toxin azaspiracid, isolated from mussels produced in Ireland: E. Ito, et al.; Toxicon 38, 917 (2000) Abstract
Azaspiracid-1, a potent, nonapoptotic new phycotoxin with several cell targets: Y. Roman, et al.; Cell. Signal. 14, 703 (2002) Abstract
Teratogenic effects of azaspiracid-1 identified by microinjection of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos: J.R. Coleman, et al.; Toxicon 45, 881 (2005) Abstract
Cytotoxic and cytoskeletal effects of azaspiracid-1 on mammalian cell lines: M.J. Twiner, et al.; Toxicon 45, 891 (2005) Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes: A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC 346, 1091 (2006) Abstract
Cell growth inhibition and actin cytoskeleton disorganization induced by azaspiracid-1 structure-activity studies: N. Vilarino, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19, 1459 (2006) Abstract
The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase is involved in the neurotoxic effect of azaspiracid-1: C. Vale, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem. 20, 957 (2007) Abstract
Effects of azaspiracid-1, a potent cytotoxic agent, on primary neuronal cultures. A structure-activity relationship study: C. Vale, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 50, 356 (2007) Abstract
Irreversible cytoskeletal disarrangement is independent of caspase activation during in vitro azaspiracid toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells: N. Vilarino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 74, 327 (2007) Abstract
Transcriptional profiling and inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells by the marine toxin azaspiracid: M.J. Twiner, et al.; Genomics 91, 289 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MAPK Pathway Activators • Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research • Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Caspases Other Products • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products

ALX-350-367

Revised 31-Mar-08

Azaspiracid-2
SYNONYMS	AZA-2
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-367-C001		1 µg	360.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₈H₇₃NO₁₂
MW:	855.5
CAS NUMBER:	265996-92-7
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION:	2µg/ml
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and calcium levels.

Product Specific Literature References

Effects of Azaspiracids 2 and 3 on intracellular cAMP, [Ca2+], and pH: Y. Roman, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 1338 (2004) Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes: A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC 346, 1091 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products

ALX-350-368

Revised 31-Mar-08

Azaspiracid-3
SYNONYMS	AZA-3
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-368-C001		1 µg	540.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₆H₆₉NO₁₂
MW:	827.5
CAS NUMBER:	265996-93-8
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION:	2µg/ml
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.

Product Description

Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate), calcium and pH levels.

Product Specific Literature References

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • cAMP Pathways Other Products • Marine Natural Products

ALX-350-100

Revised 03-Apr-08

Convulxin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-100-C050		50 µg	565.00 USD

Product Specification

MW:	~84kDa.
CAS NUMBER:	37206-04-5
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom.
PURITY:	≥90% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION:	Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in organic buffer (HEPES).
ACTIVITY:	<50ng/ml (minimal concentration to induce maximum activation of washed human platelets).
APPLICATION:	Studies on platelet receptors.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for 8 hours at +20°C, for 2 days at +4°C or for 1 month when stored at -80°C.
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Heterodimeric C-type lectin. Activates mammalian platelets via binding and clustering of p62/GPVI-receptors under physiological conditions.

Product Specific Literature References

Convulxin, a new toxin from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus: J. Prado-Franceschi & O.V. Brazil; Toxicon 19, 875 (1981) Abstract
Platelet activation and signal transduction by convulxin, a C-type lectin from Crotalus durissus terrificus (tropical rattlesnake) venom via the p62/GPVI collagen receptor: J. Polgar, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 272, 13576 (1997) Abstract
Convulxin-induced platelet adhesion and aggregation: involvement of glycoproteins VI and IaIIa: M. Jandrot-Perrus, et al.; Platelets 9, 207 (1998) Abstract
Collagen, convulxin, and thrombin stimulate aggregation-independent tyrosine phosphorylation of CD31 in platelets. Evidence for the involvement of Src family kinases: M. Cicmil, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 27339 (2000) Abstract
Convulxin binds to native, human glycoprotein Ib alpha: S. Kanaji, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 39452 (2003) Abstract
Structure of the snake-venom toxin convulxin: T. Batuwangala, et al.; Acta Crystallogr. D. Biol. Crystallogr. 60, 46 (2004) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Assay performed in aggregometer:
- Incubate 485µl platelets suspension (5x10⁸ platelets/ml) for 1-2 minutes at 37°C until base line is stable.
- Add 5µl 200mM CaCl₂.
- Add 5µl 200mM MgCl₂.
- Wait until baseline is stable.
- Add 5µl collagen solution (0.5mg/ml) for positive control OR add 5µl convulxin (0.1µg/ml in HEPES).
- Measure aggregation at 37°C.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Unconjugated Lectins • Platelet Activating Factors [PAF] & Receptors / Related Products

ALX-350-149

Revised 23-Oct-07

Cylindrospermopsin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Toxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-149-C025		25 µg	140.00 USD
ALX-350-149-C100		100 µg	210.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₂₁N₅O₇S
MW:	415.4
CAS NUMBER:	143545-90-8
RTECS:	UV9104310
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Glassy solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.

Product Description

Tricyclic alkaloid hepatotoxin. Exhibits a completely different mechanism of toxicity than microcystins. Protein synthesis inhibitor. Might be carcinogenic. Inhibits pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Severe hepatotoxicity caused by the tropical cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya and Subba Raju isolated from a domestic water supply reservoir: P.R. Hawkins, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50, 1292 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Cylindrospermopsin, a potent hepatotoxin from the blue-green alga Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: I. Ohtani, et al.; JACS 114, 7941 (1992) Full Text
Isolation and toxicity of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from an ornamental lake: P.R. Hawkins, et al.; Toxicon. 35, 341 (1997) Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin, a cyanobacterial alkaloid: evaluation of its toxicologic activity: G.R. Shaw, et al.; Ther. Drug Monit. 22, 89 (2000) Abstract
Preliminary evidence for in vivo tumour initiation by oral administration of extracts of the blue-green alga cylindrospermopsis raciborskii containing the toxin cylindrospermopsin: I.R. Falconer & A.R. Humpage; Environ. Toxicol. 16, 192 (2001) Abstract
The Palm Island mystery disease 20 years on: a review of research on the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin: D.J. Griffiths and M.L. Saker; Environ. Toxicol. 18, 78 (2003), Review Abstract
The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin inhibits pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and alters cholesterol distribution in mice: M. Reisner, et al.; Toxicol. Sci. 82, 620 (2004) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Alkaloids • Uridine Derivatives Other Products • Protein Synthesis Other Products • Lipid Metabolism Other Products • Marine Natural Products

ALX-380-042

Revised 05-May-08

Doxorubicin . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	DXR . HCl 14-Hydroxydaunomycin . HCl Adriamycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Antibiotics

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M005		5 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-380-042-M010		10 mg	110.00 USD
ALX-380-042-M025		25 mg	250.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁ . HCl
MW:	543.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	25316-40-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3439
RTECS:	QI9295900
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Red solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description

Antitumor antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II. Binds covalently to DNA. Inhbibits reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and the catalytic activity of Dnmt1. Immunosuppressive. Antineoplastic. Induces apoptosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Adriamycin and daunomycin induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumour cells: A. Skladanowski & J. Konopa; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 375 (1993) Abstract
A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin: D.A. Gewirtz; Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 727 (1999) Abstract
Doxorubicin treatment activates a Z-VAD-sensitive caspase, which causes deltapsim loss, caspase-9 activity, and apoptosis in Jurkat cells: S. Gamen, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 258, 223 (2000) Abstract
Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells: Y. Lu, et al.; Mol. Carcinog. 29, 1 (2000) Abstract
Characterization of Adriamycin-Induced G2 Arrest and Its Abrogation by Caffeine in FL-Amnion Cells with or without p53: Y. Minemoto, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 262, 37 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells by adriamycin: X.X. Wu, et al.; Cancer Res. 60, 2912 (2000) Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is ameliorated by nitrone spin traps and ebselen. Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: S. Kotamraju, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33585 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
The power and potential of doxorubicin-DNA adducts: S.M. Cutts, et al.; IUBMB Life 57, 73 (2005), Review Abstract
Adriamycin-induced interference with cardiac mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: K.B. Wallace; Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 7, 101 (2007), Review Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from the cardiotoxic mechanisms to managemen: G. Takemura & H. Fujiwara; Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 49, 330 (2007), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Other Toxins • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • DNA Intercalators & Crosslinkers • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)

ALX-350-092

Revised 03-Apr-08

Emetine . dihydrochloride
SYNONYMS	6’,7’,10,11-Tetramethoxyemetan . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-092-M050		50 mg	10.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₄ . 2HCl
MW:	480.7 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER:	316-42-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3559
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C