ALEXIS Biochemicals: S14-95

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ALX-270-254

Revised 22-Sep-08

Carnosol
SYNONYMS	1,3,4,9,10,10aS-Hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2H-9S,4aR-(epoxymethano)phenanthren-12-one
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-254-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-270-254-M005		5 mg	269.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₆O₄
MW:	330.4
CAS NUMBER:	5957-80-2
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY:	≥96%
APPEARANCE:	White to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol (8mg/ml), DMSO (250mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (35mg/ml); sparingly soluble in aqueous PBS, pH 7.2 (<30μg/ml).
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Antimicrobial. Anticarcinogenic. Inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Product Specific Literature References

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production: M.M. Chan, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 23 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition by rosemary and carnosol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation: K. Singletary, et al.; Cancer Lett. 104, 43 (1996) Abstract
Development of in vitro models for cellular and molecular studies in toxicology and chemoprevention: K. Macé, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 20, 227 (1998) Abstract
Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages: A.H. Lo, et al.; Carcinogenesis 23, 983 (2002) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • COX Inhibitors • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

ALX-270-263

Revised 03-Apr-08

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate
SYNONYMS	EGCG (2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1[2H]-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Antioxidants

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-263-M010		10 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-263-M050		50 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₁₈O₁₁
MW:	458.4
CAS NUMBER:	989-51-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3526
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from green tea.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Keep under inert gas. Protect from light.

Product Description

Antitumor reagent. Antioxidant. Protects cells from lipid peroxidation and DNA damage induced by reactive free radicals. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II). Chemopreventive anticancer agent. Induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines. Inhibits MAP kinase mediated signalling pathways. Inhibits angiogenesis. Inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. Anti-inflammatory agent.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitory effect of topical application of a green tea polyphenol fraction on tumor initiation and promotion in mouse skin: M.T. Huang, et al.; Carcinogenesis 13, 947 (1992) Abstract
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and other skin tumor-promoter-caused induction of epidermal interleukin-1 alpha mRNA and protein expression in SENCAR mice by green tea polyphenols: S.K. Katiyar, et al.; J. Invest. Dermatol. 105, 394 (1995) Abstract
Growth inhibition and regression of human prostate and breast tumors in athymic mice by tea epigallocatechin gallate: S. Liao, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 239 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced carcinogenesis by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in the rat glandular stomach: T. Yamane, et al.; Cancer Res. 55, 2081 (1995) Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, a polyphenolic tea antioxidant, inhibits peroxynitrite-mediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine: E.S. Fiala, et al.; Experientia 52, 922 (1996) Abstract
Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells: N. Ahmad, et al.; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 89, 1881 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and enzyme activity by epigallocatechin gallate, a natural product from green tea: M.M. Chan, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 54, 1281 (1997) Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate blocks the induction of nitric oxide synthase by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB: Y.L. Lin & J.K. Lin; Mol. Pharmacol. 52, 465 (1997) Abstract
Telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening, and senescence of cancer cells by tea catechins: I. Naasani, et al.; BBRC 249, 391 (1998) Abstract
Epigallocatechin suppression of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells: correlation with c-jun and JNK: L.H. Lu, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 124, 1227 (1998) Abstract
ESR study on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of tea catechins and their epimers: Q. Guo, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1427, 13 (1999) Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of the green tea derivative, EGCG, by the topical route of administration in mouse and human skin: K. Dvorakova, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 43, 331 (1999) Abstract
Polyphenolic antioxidant (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea reduces UVB-induced inflammatory responses and infiltration of leukocytes in human skin: S.K. Katiyar, et al.; Photochem. Photobiol. 69, 148 (1999) Abstract
Antioxidant chemistry of green tea catechins. Identification of products of the reaction of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with peroxyl radicals: S. Valcic, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 12, 382 (1999) Abstract
Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols: Y. Kuroda & Y. Hara; Mutat. Res. 436, 69 (1999) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of green and black tea on tumor growth: A.H. Conney, et al.; Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 220, 229 (1999) Abstract
Green tea epigallocatechin gallate: a natural inhibitor of fatty-acid synthase: X. Wang & W. Tian; BBRC 288, 1200 (2001) Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production: M.E. Waltner-Law, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34933 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
The specificities of protein kinase inhibitors: an update:: J. Bain, et al.; Biochem. J. 371, 199 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Selective inhibition of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 by catechin gallate esters: M.N. Vankemmelbeke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 270, 2394 (2003) Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, constituent of green tea, suppresses the LPS-induced phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB: S.C. Ahn, et al.; BBRC 313, 148 (2004) Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Evidence for direct inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT kinases: J.F. Sah, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 12755 (2004) Abstract
Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity improves ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat lungs: M. Ishii, et al.; J. Immunol. 172, 2569 (2004) Abstract
A constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase by a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent protein kinase-, and Akt-dependent pathway and leads to endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation: M. Lorenz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6190 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Green tea polyphenols prevent toxin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by down-regulating inducible nitric oxide-derived prooxidants: J.H. Chen, et al.; Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 742 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Neuroprotective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate following hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain damage: novel mechanisms of action: B.A. Sutherland, et al.; FASEB J. 19, 258 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Tea flavanols inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells: I.A. Persson, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58, 1139 (2006) Abstract

General Literature References

Anticarcinogenic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate: H. Fujiki, et al.; Prev. Med. 21, 503 (1992), (Review) Abstract
Absorption, metabolism and antioxidative effects of tea catechin in humans: T. Miyazawa; Biofactors 13, 55 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Inhibition of tumour invasion and angiogenesis by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea: Y.D. Jung and L.M. Ellis; Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 82, 309 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Anti-invasive effects of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural inhibitor of metallo and serine proteases: R. Benelli, et al.; Biol. Chem. 383, 101 (2002), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Flavanols • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Akt [PKB] / Related Products • EGFR Kinase Inhibitors • PKC Inhibitors • Telomerase / Related Products • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Fatty Acid Synthase [FAS] / Related Products • JNK [SAPK1] / Related Products • Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-270-360

Revised 21-May-08

Tryptanthrin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-360-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-270-360-M005		5 mg	200.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₅H₈N₂O₂
MW:	248.2
CAS NUMBER:	13220-57-0
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥98% (¹H-NMR, HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow needles.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (8mg/ml) or methanol (0.3mg/ml); sparingly soluble in water (2.5µg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 2 years after receipt when stored at +4°C in the dark. Stock solutions made in DMSO must be stored in the dark no longer than one month.
HANDLING:	Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, IR, MS and UV.

Product Description

Potent inhibitor of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis in various cell lines. Selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synsthase (iNOS; NOS II) expression. Inhibits the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 after stimulation of Peyer’s patch lymphocytes with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Inhibits P-glycoprotein (Pgp) (expressed by the MDR1 gene) and reverses doxorubicin (Prod. No. ALX-380-042) resistance on breast cancer cells.

Product Specific Literature References

H. Danz, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Suppl. I 333, 11 (2000)
Identification and isolation of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory principle in Isatis tinctoria: H. Danz, et al.; Planta Med. 67, 411 (2001) Abstract
Inhibitory activity of tryptanthrin on prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis: H. Danz, et al.; Planta Med. 68, 875 (2002) Abstract
Tryptanthrin inhibits nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis by murine macrophages: T. Ishihara, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 407, 197 (2000) Abstract
Tryptanthrin inhibits interferon-gamma production by Peyer’s patch lymphocytes derived from mice that had been orally administered staphylococcal enterotoxin: Y. Takei, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 365 (2003) Abstract
Tryptanthrin inhibits MDR1 and reverses doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells: S.T. Yu, et al.; BBRC 358, 79 (2007) Abstract

General Information

Tryptanthrin occurs as a natural product in various plants, including Isatis tinctoria, I. indigotica, Polygonum tinctorium, Couroupita guianensis, Wrightia tinctoria and Calanthe discolor.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Leukotrienes Other Products • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Prostaglandins Other Products • COX Inhibitors • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

ALX-270-418

Revised 16-Jun-08

Gallotannin
SYNONYMS	Tannic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-418-G001		1 g	10.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₇₆H₅₂O₄₆
MW:	1701.2
CAS NUMBER:	1401-55-4
MERCK INDEX:	14: 9052
RTECS:	WW5075000
SOURCE/HOST:	Occurs in the bark and fruit of many plants, notably in the bark of the oak species, in sumac and myrobalan.
PURITY:	>95%
APPEARANCE:	Beige to light brown powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, acetone or warm glycerol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Cytoprotective in oxidatively stressed cells. Inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; NOS III) and weak inhibitor of inducible (iNOS; NOS II) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; NOS I). Induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Free radical scavenger.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of constitutive endothelial NO-synthase activity by tannin and quercetin: M. Chiesi & R. Schwaller; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 495 (1995) Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase inhibitor gallotannin blocks oxidative astrocyte death: W. Ying, et al.; Neuroreport 11, 1385 (2000) Abstract
Green tea polyphenols and tannic acid act as potent inhibitors of phorbol ester-induced nitric oxide generation in rat hepatocytes independent of their antioxidant properties: R.C. Srivastava, et al.; Cancer Lett. 153, 1 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by gallotannin selectively up-regulates expression of proinflammatory genes: E. Rapizzi, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 890 (2004) Abstract
Tannic acid in plant dust causes airway obstruction: D. Taubert, et al.; Thorax 60, 789 (2005) Abstract
Prominent free radicals scavenging activity of tannic acid in lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental mice: I.H. El-Sayed, et al.; Toxicol. Ind. Health 22, 157 (2006) Abstract
The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in IMR-90 cells: C.H. Chen, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 962 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • PARG / Related Products • DNA Repair Other Products • Free Radical Scavengers • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Phenolic Acids

ALX-270-480

Revised 10-Mar-08

Caffeic acid ethyl ester
SYNONYMS	CAEE Ethyl caffeate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-480-M050		50 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-270-480-M250		250 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₁H₁₂O₄
MW:	208.2
CAS NUMBER:	66648-50-8
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least one year after receipt when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from light and moisture.

Product Description

Shows anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (IC₅₀=5.5µg/ml). Potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prevents DNA single-strand breaks caused by H₂O₂.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid ethyl ester on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and DNA single-strand breaks in Chinese hamster V79 cells: T. Nakayama, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 60, 316 (1996) Abstract
Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 in vitro or in mouse skin: Y.M. Chiang, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 146, 352 (2005) Abstract
Antitumor activity of some natural flavonoids and synthetic derivatives on various human and murine cancer cell lines: M. Cardenas, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14, 2966 (2006) Abstract
Drastic effect of several caffeic acid derivatives on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression revealed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR: K. Suzuki, et al.; Biofactors 28, 151 (2006) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-270-231	Caffeic acid
ALX-270-244	Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Prostaglandins Other Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Natural Products - Immunomodulators • Phenolic Acids

ALX-350-001

Revised 05-Apr-08

Forskolin
SYNONYMS	Colforsin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M005		5 mg	52.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M010		10 mg	85.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M025		25 mg	185.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M050		50 mg	325.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₃₄O₇
MW:	410.5
CAS NUMBER:	66575-29-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2476
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Coleus forskohlii.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to green crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethyl acetate (10mg/ml), anhydrous DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (6mg/ml). DMSO is the recommended solvent for activation of cAMP.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 4 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Description

Activates adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Widely used tool for the investigation of the role of cAMP as a second messenger with a broad range of potential therapeutic applications. Inotropic agent and vasodilator. Induces platelet aggregation. Inhibits ion channels by a mechanism that does not involve cAMP. Non-competitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Product Specific Literature References

Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems: K.B. Seamon & J.W. Daly; J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 7, 201 (1981), Review Abstract
Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, increases CA2+-dependent electrical activity induced by glucose in mouse pancreatic B cells: J.C. Henquin, et al.; Endocrinology 112, 2218 (1983) Abstract
Pharmacology and inotropic potential of forskolin in the human heart: M.R. Bristow, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 74, 212 (1984) Abstract
Forskolin and antidiuretic hormone stimulate a Ca2+-activated K+ channel in cultured kidney cells: S.E. Guggino, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 249, F448 (1985) Abstract
Use of forskolin to study the relationship between cyclic AMP formation and bone resorption in vitro: U.H. Lerner, et al.; Biochem J. 240, 529 (1986) Abstract
Forskolin: a specific stimulator of adenylyl cyclase or a diterpene with multiple sites of action?: A. Laurenza, et al.; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 442 (1989), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on cytosolic Ca++ level and contraction in vascular smooth muscle: A. Abe & H. Karaki; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249, 895 (1989) Abstract
Forskolin acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: M.L. Aylwin & M.M. White; Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 908 (1992) Abstract
The effect of forskolin on blood flow, platelet metabolism, aggregation and ATP release: J.T. Christenson, et al.; Vasa 24, 56 (1995) Abstract
Forskolin as a tool for examining adenylyl cyclase expression, regulation, and G protein signaling: P.A. Insel & R.S. Ostrom; Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 23, 305 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on the expression of claudin-5 in human trophoblast BeWo cells: M. Harada, et al.; Pharmazie 62, 291 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adenylyl Cyclase Activators • Ion Channels & Transporters Other Products • Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products for Neurological Research

ALX-350-002

Revised 12-Aug-08

Canavanine . sulfate
SYNONYMS	L-α-Amino-γ-(guanidinooxy)-n-butyric acid . sulfate
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-002-M100		100 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-350-002-M500		500 mg	95.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₅H₁₂N₄O₃. H₂SO₄
MW:	176.2 . 98.1
CAS NUMBER:	2219-31-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1737
PURITY:	≥99% (TLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to-off white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (100mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Description

The non-protein amino acid L-canavanine is an analog of L-arginine. Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) inhibitor. Induces apoptotic cell death and shows antiproliferative and immunotoxic effects.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells by the arginine antimetabolite L-canavanine: D.S. Swaffar, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 6045 (1994) Abstract
Inhibition of nitric oxide formation with L-canavanine attenuates endotoxin-induced vascular hyporeactivity in the rat: M. Cai, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 295, 215 (1996) Abstract
Beneficial effects of L-canavanine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, during rodent endotoxaemia: L. Liaudet, et al.; Clin. Sci. (London) 90, 369 (1996) Abstract
Effects of L-canavanine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, on endotoxin mediated shock in rats: Z. Fatehi-Hassanabad, et al.; Shock 6, 194 (1996) Abstract
L-Canavanine modulates cellular growth, chemosensitivity and P-glycoprotein substrate accumulation in cultured human tumor cell lines: D.R. Worthen, et al.; Cancer Lett. 132, 229 (1998) Abstract
Beneficial effects of L-canavanine, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, on lactate metabolism and muscle high energy phosphates during endotoxic shock in rats: B. Levy, et al.; Shock 11, 98 (1999) Abstract
L-canavanine, a selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, increases plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in dogs with endotoxic shock: C. Mitaka, et al.; J. Crit. Care 16, 17 (2001) Abstract
Quercetin, coenzyme Q10, and L-canavanine as protective agents against lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide generation in endotoxin-induced shock in rat brain: H.M. Abd El-Gawad & A.E. Khalifa; Pharmacol. Res. 43, 257 (2001) Abstract
Effect of L-canavanine, an Inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, on myocardial dysfunction during septic shock: N. Suzuki, et al.; J. Nippon Med. Sch. 69, 13 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
The antiproliferative and immunotoxic effects of L-canavanine and L-canaline: A.K. Bence, et al.; Anticancer Drugs 13, 313 (2002) Abstract
Arginine antimetabolite L-canavanine induces apoptotic cell death i