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ALX-550-322

Revised 11-Nov-08

Caffeine
SYNONYMS	1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine 3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-550-322-G005		5 g	10.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
MW:	194.2
CAS NUMBER:	58-08-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1636
SOURCE/HOST:	Found in tea leaves, coffee beans, cocoa beans, maté leaves, guarana paste and kola nuts.
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White to colorless powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in chloroform, 100% alcohol or hot water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by NIR.

Product Description

CNS stimulant. Blocks adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Interferes with the uptake and storage of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. Prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by various chemicals. Inhibits cellular DNA repair mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory.

Product Specific Literature References

Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effect of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors: J.W. Daly, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 29, 1305 (1986) Abstract
Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant: a review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action: J. Sawynok & T.L. Yaksh; Pharmacol. Rev. 45, 43 (1993) Abstract
Caffeine prevents apoptosis and cell cycle effects induced by camptothecin or topotecan in HL-60 cells: F. Traganos, et al.; Cancer Res. 53, 4613 (1993) Abstract
Multiple effects of caffeine on calcium current in rat ventricular myocytes: I. Zahradnik & P. Palade; Pfluegers Arch. 424, 129 (1993) Abstract
Acute effects of caffeine on arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and central aortic pressures: T.G. Papaioannou, et al.; Am. J. Hypertens. 18, 129 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Caffeine and the dopaminergic system: O. Cauli & M. Morelli; Behav. Pharmacol. 16, 63 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of caffeine: friend or foe: L. A. Horrigan, et al.; Pharmacol. Ther. 111, 877 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Novel neuroprotection by caffeine and adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson’s disease: A. Kalda, et al.; J. Neurol. Sci. 248, 9 (2006), (Review) Abstract
The enigmatic effects of caffeine in cell cycle and cancer: A. M. & Bode and Z. Dong; Cancer Lett. 247, 26 (2007), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Ca2+ Modulators • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • DNA Repair Other Products • Alkaloids • Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription • Natural Products for Cell Cycle Research • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products

ALX-350-097

Revised 16-Jun-08

Hyperforin . dicyclohexylammonium salt (high purity)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-097-C500		500 µg	130.00 USD
ALX-350-097-M001		1 mg	210.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₅H₅₁O₄ . C₁₂H₂₄N
MW:	535.8 . 182.3
CAS NUMBER:	11079-53-1 (non-salt form)
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum).
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
PURITY DETAIL:	Contains <3% adhyperforin.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, methanol or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Keep under inert gas. Protect from light.

Product Description

Major constituent of St. John’s wort, a herbal remedy widely used for the treatment of depression. Inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters in synapses. Activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which serves as a key regulator of CYP3A4 transcription, a member of the cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzyme system. Specifically activates TRPC6 channels. Represents an interesting lead-structure for a new class of antidepressants. Displays several other biological properties of potential pharmacological interest, including antibacterial, anti-inflammational, antitumoral and anti-angiogenic effects. Induces apoptosis in various cancer cells.

Product Specific Literature References

Hyperforin as a possible antidepressant component of hypericum extracts: S.S. Chatterjee, et al.; Life Sci. 63, 499 (1998) Abstract
Hyperforin attenuates various ionic conductance mechanisms in the isolated hippocampal neurons of rat: S. Chatterjee, et al.; Life Sci. 65, 2395 (1999) Abstract
Antibacterial activity of hyperforin from St John's wort, against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria: C.M. Schempp, et al.; Lancet 353, 2129 (1999) Abstract
Hyperforin, a major antidepressant constituent of St. John's Wort, inhibits serotonin uptake by elevating free intracellular Na+1: A. Singer, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 1363 (1999) Abstract
St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor: L.B. Moore, et al.; PNAS 97, 7500 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's Wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression: R.S. Obach; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 294, 88 (2000) Abstract
St John's wort, a herbal antidepressant, activates the steroid X receptor: J.M. Wentworth, et al.; J. Endocrinol. 166, R11 (2000) Abstract
St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties: J. Barnes, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 53, 583 (2001), (Review) Abstract
St John's wort: Prozac from the plant kingdom: G. Di Carlo, et al.; TIPS 22, 292 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Effect of St. John's wort on free radical production: E.J. Hunt, et al.; Life Sci. 69, 181 (2001) Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort): a non-selective reuptake inhibitor? A review of the recent advances in its pharmacology: P.J. Nathan; J. Psychopharmacol. 15, 47 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Aristoforin, a novel stable derivative of hyperforin, is a potent anticancer agent: M. Gartner, et al.; Chembiochem 6, 171 (2005) Abstract
Hyperforin, a new lead compound against the progression of cancer and leukemia?: C. Quiney, et al.; Leukemia 20, 1519 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Hyperforin a key constituent of St. John’s wort specifically activates TRPC6 channels: K. Leuner, et al.; FASEB J. 21, 4101 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription • Pregnane X Receptor [PXR] / Related Products • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

ALX-350-030

Revised 20-Oct-08

Hypericin (native)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-030-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-350-030-M005		5 mg	200.00 USD
ALX-350-030-M010		10 mg	370.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₀H₁₆O₈
MW:	504.4
CAS NUMBER:	548-04-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 4863
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Hypericum perforatum.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Black to black-red powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethylmethylketone, pyridine or other organic solvents and bases.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light and oxygen.
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. HARMFUL. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description

Inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). Shows anti-viral and anti-retroviral activity. Displays antineoplastic and antitumor activities. Inhibits casein kinase II (CKII) and MAP kinase. Bright red fluorescence emission and photostability. Antidepressant.

Product Specific Literature References

Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin: D. Meruelo, et al.; PNAS 85, 5230 (1988) Abstract
Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their antiretroviral activity: I. Takahashi, et al.; BBRC 165, 1207 (1989) Abstract
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of anthraquinones, anthrones and anthraquinone derivatives against human cytomegalovirus: D.L. Barnard, et al.; Antiviral Res. 17, 63 (1992) Abstract
Photosensitized inhibition of growth factor-regulated protein kinases by hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 1615 (1995) Abstract
Growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by hypericin, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C: W. Zhang, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 31 (1995) Abstract
Hypericin-induced photosensitization of HeLa cells leads to apoptosis or necrosis. Involvement of cytochrome c and procaspase-3 activation in the mechanism of apoptosis: A. Vantieghem, et al.; FEBS Lett. 440, 19 (1998) Abstract
The activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways protects HeLa cells from apoptosis following photodynamic therapy with hypericin: Z. Assefa, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8788 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Over-expression of Bcl-2 does not protect cells from hypericin photo- induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, but delays subsequent events in the apoptotic pathway: R. Chaloupka, et al.; FEBS Lett. 462, 295 (1999) Abstract
Hypericin induces both differentiation and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells: K.T. Lee, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1271 (1999) Abstract
Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways induced by photodynamic therapy with hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Adv. Enzyme Regul. 40, 157 (2000) Abstract
Hypericin--a new antiviral and antitumor photosensitizer: mechanism of action and interaction with biological macromolecules: P. Miskovsky; Curr. Drug Targets 3, 55 (2002), (Review) Abstract
Hypericin--the facts about a controversial agent: A. Kubin, et al.; Curr. Pharm. Des. 11, 233 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Cellular mechanisms and prospective applications of hypericin in photodynamic therapy: T. Kiesslich, et al.; Curr. Med. Chem. 13, 2189 (2006), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Casein Kinase Inhibitors • MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • PKC Inhibitors • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents

ALX-420-037

Revised 11-Feb-08

Icilin
SYNONYMS	AG 3-5 3,6-Dihydro-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone
PRODUCT LINE	Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neuroactive Agents Other Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-420-037-M001		1 mg	10.00 USD
ALX-420-037-M005		5 mg	32.00 USD
ALX-420-037-M025		25 mg	140.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₁₃N₃O₄
MW:	311.3
CAS NUMBER:	36945-98-9
PURITY:	≥98% (¹H-NMR)
APPEARANCE:	Light yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (100mM).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Cooling agent. Strongly activates TRPM8 (cold menthol receptor 1; CMR1) and TRPA1 (at 10- to 100-fold higher concentration). Induces currents in TRPM8 expressing HEK 293 cells (EC₅₀=0.36mM) more potently than menthol (Prod. No. ALX-420-042) or low temperatures.

Product Specific Literature References

AG-3-5: a chemical producing sensations of cold: E.T. Wei and D.A. Seid; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 35, 110 (1983) Abstract
Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP channels in thermosensation: D.D. McKemy, et al.; Nature 416, 52 (2002) Abstract
TRPM8 activation by menthol, icilin, and cold is differentially modulated by intracellular pH: D.A. Andersson, et al.; J. Neurosci. 24, 5364 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The super-cooling agent icilin reveals a mechanism of coincidence detection by a temperature-sensitive TRP channel: H.H. Chuang, et al.; Neuron 43, 859 (2004) Abstract
Icilin activates the {delta}-subunit of the human epithelial Na+ channel.: H. Yamamura; Mol. Pharmacol. 68, 1142 (2005) Abstract
Sensing with TRP channels: T. Voets, et al.; Nat. Chem. Biol. 1, 85 (2005), Review Abstract
Analgesia mediated by the TRPM8 cold receptor in chronic neuropathic pain: C.J. Proudfoot, et al.; Curr. Biol. 16, 1591 (2006) Abstract

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₂₇BrN₂O
MW:	343.3
CAS NUMBER:	21306-56-9
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

FORMULA:	C₁₀H₂₀O
MW:	156.3
CAS NUMBER:	2216-51-5
MERCK INDEX:	14: 5837
RTECS:	OT0700000
PURITY:	≥98% (sum of enantiomers, GC)
APPEARANCE:	Colorless to white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol (100mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Limited shelf life.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

FORMULA:	C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₇ . HCl
MW:	457.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	13614-98-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6202
RTECS:	QI7630500
SOURCE/HOST:	Semi-synthetic
APPEARANCE:	Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (50mg/ml, warm) or DMSO (7mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

FORMULA:	C₁₀H₁₀N₂O₅ . HCl
MW:	238.2 . 36.5
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C