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Inflammation
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AG-P0731 Revised 16-Oct-08
Progranulin (human) ELISA Kit
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SYNONYMS Proepithelin (human) ELISA Kit
PEPI (human) ELISA Kit
PC Cell-derived Growth Factor (human) ELISA Kit
PRODUCT LINE Chemokines & Cytokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Progranulin / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
AG-P0731EK-KI01   96 wells 640.00 USD Add To Cart
AG-P0731TP-KI01 Twin Plex 2x96 wells 940.00 USD Add To Cart
AG-P0731PP-KI01 Penta Plex 5x96 wells 1'880.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
SENSITIVITY: 32pg/ml (range 0 to 8ng/ml)
SPECIFICITY: Does not cross-react with mouse and rat progranulin.
APPLICATION: For the quantitative determination of progranulin in human serum, plasma or cell culture supernatant.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
Product Specific Literature References
Low plasma progranulin levels predict progranulin mutations in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: R. Ghidoni, et al.; Neurology 71, 1235 (2008) Abstract
General Information
Progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to be a widely expressed pluripotent growth factor which plays a role in processes such as development, wound repair and inflammation by activating signalling cascades that control cell cycle progression and cell motility. PGRN has also been linked to tumorigenesis. The function of PGRN in the central nervous system (CNS) is also of interest, because mutations in the PGRN gene have been identified in cases of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by AdipoGen, Inc.
General Literature References
Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes: A. Bateman, et al.; BBRC 173, 1161 (1990) Abstract
Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell-derived growth factor, acrogranin) mediates tissue repair and tumorigenesis: Z. He & A. Bateman; J. Mol. Med. 81, 600 (2003) Abstract
Progranulin is a mediator of the wound response: Z. He, et al.; Nat. Med. 9, 225 (2003) Abstract
Progranulin in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuroinflammation: Z. Ahmed, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 4, 7 (2007), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
Progranulin: normal function and role in neurodegeneration: J. L. Eriksen & I.R. Mackenzie; J. Neurochem. 104, 287 (2008), (Review) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
ELISA & EIA Kits • Inflammation Other Products
 
 
AG-PM0731 Revised 23-Apr-08
Progranulin (mouse) ELISA Kit
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SYNONYMS Proepithelin (mouse) ELISA Kit
PEPI (mouse) ELISA Kit
PC Cell-derived Growth Factor (mouse) ELISA Kit
PRODUCT LINE Chemokines & Cytokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Progranulin / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
AG-PM0731EK-KI01   96 wells 645.00 USD Add To Cart
AG-PM0731TP-KI01 Twin Plex 2x96 wells 945.00 USD Add To Cart
AG-PM0731PP-KI01 Penta Plex 5x96 wells 1'885.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SENSITIVITY: 60pg/ml (range 0 to 16 ng/ml)
SPECIFICITY: Does not cross-react with human and rat progranulin
APPLICATION: For the quantitative determination of progranulin in mouse serum or cell culture supernatants.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
General Information
Progranulin (PGRN) has been shown to be a widely expressed pluripotent growth factor which plays a role in processes such as development, wound repair and inflammation by activating signalling cascades that control cell cycle progression and cell motility. PGRN has also been linked to tumorigenesis. The function of PGRN in the central nervous system (CNS) is also of interest, because mutations in the PGRN gene have been identified in cases of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by AdipoGen, Inc.
General Literature References
Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes: A. Bateman, et al.; BBRC 173, 1161 (1990) Abstract
Progranulin (granulin-epithelin precursor, PC-cell-derived growth factor, acrogranin) mediates tissue repair and tumorigenesis: Z. He & A. Bateman; J. Mol. Med. 81, 600 (2003) Abstract
Progranulin is a mediator of the wound response: Z. He, et al.; Nat. Med. 9, 225 (2003) Abstract
Progranulin in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuroinflammation: Z. Ahmed, et al.; J. Neuroinflammation 4, 7 (2007), (Review) Abstract; Full Text
Progranulin: normal function and role in neurodegeneration: J.L. Eriksen & I.R. Mackenzie; J. Neurochem. 104, 287 (2008), (Review) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
ELISA & EIA Kits • Inflammation Other Products
 
 
ALX-151-031 Revised 23-Nov-06
Caspase-3 Control Peptide
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PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caspase Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-151-031-M001   1 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-151-031-M005   5 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-OH
FORMULA: C20H30N4O12
MW: 518.5
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides
 
 
ALX-151-035 Revised 22-Jul-08
Ac-muramyl-Ala-D-Glu-amide
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SYNONYMS MDP-LD
N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
Adjuvant Peptide
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nod-complex / Related Products
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ALX-151-035-M001   1 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-151-035-M005   5 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H32N4O11
MW: 492.5
CAS NUMBER: 53678-77-6
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥95% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Description
Specific ligand for NALP3. For inactive control compound see MDP-DD (Prod. No. ALX-151-036).
Product Specific Literature References
Minimal structural requirements for adjuvant activity of bacterial peptidoglycan derivatives: F. Ellouz, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 59, 1317 (1974) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides
 
 
ALX-151-036 Revised 17-Nov-08
Ac-muramyl-D-Ala-D-Glu-amide
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SYNONYMS MDP-DD
N-Acetylmuramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nod-complex / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-151-036-M001   1 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-151-036-M005   5 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H32N4O11
MW: 492.5
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Inactive control compound for MDP-LD (Prod. No. ALX-151-035).
Product Specific Literature References
Muramyl peptides: immunomodulators, sleep factors, and vitamins: A. Adam and E. Lederer; Med. Res. Rev. 4, 111 (1984) Abstract
 
 
ALX-162-002 Revised 09-Oct-08
MCD Peptide
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SYNONYMS Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-162-002-MC05   0.5 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Lys-Cys-Asn-Cys-Lys-Arg-His-Val-Ile-Lys-Pro-His-Ile-Cys-Arg-Lys-Ile-Cys-Gly-Lys-Asn-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys15 and Cys5-Cys19)
FORMULA: C110H192N40O24S4
MW: 2587.2
CAS NUMBER: 83856-13-7
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Apis mellifera.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Potent anti-inflammatory agent and strong mediator of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Neurotoxin and voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker. Inhibits the ADP-ribosylation of the small GTP-binding proteins rho.
Product Specific Literature References
Bee and wasp venoms: E. Haberman; Science 177, 314 (1972) Abstract
Potassium channel toxins: P.N. Strong; Pharmacol. Ther. 46, 137 (1990) Abstract
Mast cell degranulating peptide: a multi-functional neurotoxin: M.R. Ziai, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42, 457 (1990), Review Abstract
ADP-ribosylation of rho proteins is inhibited by melittin, mast cell degranulating peptide and compound 48/80: G. Koch, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 226, 87 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
 
 
ALX-162-006 Revised 07-Apr-08
Melittin (natural)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-162-006-M001   1 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-162-006-M005   5 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2
FORMULA: C131H229N39O31
MW: 2846.5
CAS NUMBER: 37231-28-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5824
RTECS: OS3960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from bee venom.
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to faint tan powder.
PURITY DETAIL: Phospholipase A2 impurity: <5 units per mg solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in PBS (5mg/ml) or water (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Very hygroscopic. Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Causes disruption of normal cellular activity and cell lysis. Binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. Activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) by binding to the catalytic domain in a Mg-ATP sensitive manner. Antirheumatic.
Product Specific Literature References
Rapid purification of calmodulin and S-100 protein by affinity chromatography with melittin immobilized to sepharose: R.L. Kincaid & C.C. Coulson; BBRC 133, 256 (1985) Abstract
Comparison of S100b protein with calmodulin: interactions with melittin and microtubule-associated tau proteins and inhibition of phosphorylation of tau proteins by protein kinase C: J. Baudier, et al.; Biochemistry 26, 2886 (1987) Abstract
Possible mechanisms of action of cobra snake venom cardiotoxins and bee venom melittin: J.E. Fletcher & M.S. Jiang; Toxicon. 31, 669 (1993) Abstract
Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee (Apis mellifera) venom cause necrosis of murine skeletal muscle in vivo: C.L. Ownby, et al.; Toxicon. 35, 67 (1997) Abstract
Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity: S.S. Saini, et al.; BBRC 238, 436 (1997) Abstract
Phospholipase A2-independent Ca2+ entry and subsequent apoptosis induced by melittin in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells: S.T. Chu, et al.; Life Sci. 80, 364 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calmodulin Other Products • PKC Inhibitors • Peptides • PLA2 Activators
 
 
ALX-162-007 Revised 12-May-05
Melittin (synthetic)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-162-007-MC05   0.5 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-162-007-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2
FORMULA: C131H229N39O31
MW: 2846.5
CAS NUMBER: 37231-28-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5824
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
For technical information see melittin (natural) (Prod. No. ALX-162-006).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Activators • Calmodulin Other Products • PKC Inhibitors • Peptides
 
 
ALX-162-027 Revised 30-Jun-08
MALP-2
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SYNONYMS Macrophage-activating Lipopeptide-2
S-[2,3-bis(Palmityloxy)-(2R)-propyl-cysteinyl-GNNDESNISFKEK]
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY TLR Agonists Other Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-162-027-C050   50 µg 310.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C99H167N19O30S
MW: 2135.2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
QUANTITY: 1x107units.
CONCENTRATION: 0.1mg/ml
FORMULATION: Liquid. Sterile solution in PBS containing 2.5% (v/v) 2-propanol, 25mM n-octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and 1% (wt/v) human serum albumin.
ACTIVITY: Specific activity is ~2x108units/mg. One unit is defined as the dilution giving half maximal release of nitric oxide from C3H/HeJ mouse peritoneal exudate cells in the standard assay (see [1]).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Avoid accidental injection, extreme care should be taken with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation and prevent this compound from entering the bloodstream.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
MALP-2 was originally isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans. This MALP-2 corresponds to the originally isolated isomer, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and approaches in certain experimental systems the toxicity of LPS. For description of the stereochemistry of MALP-2 (see [7]). MALP-2 signalling, unlike that of LPS, is not transduced via TLR4, but is induced via TLR2 and TLR6 signalling.
For more information about MALP-2 see www.malp-research.de.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a Mycoplasma fermentans-derived substance that activates macrophages to release nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6: P.F. Muhlradt and M. Frisch; Infect. Immun. 62, 3801 (1994) Abstract
[2] Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration: P.F. Mühlradt, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 185, 1951 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
[3] MALP-2, a Mycoplasma lipopeptide with classical endotoxic properties: end of an era of LPS monopoly?: C. Galanos, et al.; J. Endotox. Res. 6, 471 (2000) Abstract
[4] Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6: O. Takeuchi, et al.; Int. Immunol. 13, 933 (2001) Abstract
[5] In vivo effects of a synthetic 2-kilodalton macrophage-activating lipopeptide of Mycoplasma fermentans after pulmonary application: A. Luhrmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3785 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[6] The Mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant: F. Rharbaoui, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 2857 (2002) Abstract
[7] Differential recognition of structural details of bacterial lipopeptides by toll-like receptors: M. Morr, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3337 (2002) Abstract
[8] CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005) Abstract
[9] The tumor suppressor CYLD Acts as a Negative Regulator for Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling via Negative Cross-talk with TRAF6 and TRAF7: H. Yoshida, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 41111 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
[10] IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses: K. Honda, et al.; Nature 434, 772 (2005) Abstract
[11] The role of TLR2 in the inflammatory activation of mouse fibroblasts by human antiphospholipid antibodies: N. Satta, et al.; Blood 109, 1507 (2007) Abstract
[12] Induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes by Mycoplasma fermentans-derived lipoprotein MALP-2: A. Kaufmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 67, 6303 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION MALP-2 sticks avidly to glass or plastic. Since it is active at very low concentrations, i.e. at high dilutions, these low amounts of material tend to become adsorbed to pipette tips and plastic or glass containers. To avoid this, prepare several dilution steps of the MALP-2 stock solution with medium containing 5% autologous serum or buffers with 2% HSA. The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside in the first dilution step is often beneficial and gives rise to higher activity. Avoid small volumes in large vessels. Do not filter.
Because of the ester-bound fatty acids, MALP-2 is sensitive to alkali or acid. The medium should be preconditioned in the CO2 incubator in order to ensure that the pH does not become alkaline. Add cells in preconditioned medium as soon as possible and incubate.
MANUFACTURER Licensed from GBF Braunschweig, Germany.
General Literature References
Synergic effects of mycoplasmal lipopeptides and extracellular ATP on activation of macrophages: T. Into, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3586