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Toxins
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ALX-350-104 Revised 10-May-07
Aaptamine
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SYNONYMS 8,9-Dimethoxy-1H-benzo[de][1,6]naphtyridine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-104-M001   1 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H12N2O2
MW: 228.3
CAS NUMBER: 85547-22-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the sponge Aaptos aaptos.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Oil.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Competitive antagonist of α-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Inhibits cancer cell growth.
Product Specific Literature References
Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action of aaptamine, a novel marine natural product, in vascular smooth muscle: Y. Ohizumi, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36, 785 (1984) Abstract
Antineoplastic agents 491. Synthetic conversion of aaptamine to isoaaptamine, 9-demethylaaptamine, and 4-methylaaptamine: G.R. Pettit, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 69, 2251 (2004) Abstract
Aaptamine, a spongean alkaloid, activates p21 promoter in a p53-independent manner: S. Aoki, et al.; BBRC 342, 101 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Alkaloids • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-630-093 Revised 23-Jul-08
Aflatoxin B1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-093-M001   1 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-093-M005   5 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O6
MW: 312.3
CAS NUMBER: 1162-65-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1925000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (20mg/ml) or methylene chloride (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description
Naturally occuring mycotoxin produced by many species of Aspergillus. Metabolized by the liver to the reactive intermediate aflatoxin M1. Exposure may produce acute necrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver. Induces DNA damage.
Product Specific Literature References
Molecular dosimetry of aflatoxin exposure: contribution to understanding the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with particular reference to hepatitis B virus: C.P. Wild, et al.; Environ. Health Perspect. 99, 115 (1993) Abstract
A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China: G.S. Qian, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 3, 3 (1994) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 induced lacI mutation in liver and kidney of transgenic mice C57BL/6N: effect of phorone: H. Autrup, et al.; Mutagenesis 11, 69 (1996) Abstract
Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1: F.P. Guengerich, et al.; Mutat. Res. 402, 121 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Hyperplasia, partial hepatectomy, and the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1: B.D. Roebu; J. Cell. Biochem. 91, 242 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1-induced DNA damage and its repair: L. L. Bedard & T. E. Massey; Cancer Lett. 241, 174 (2006), (Review) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-103 Revised 04-Sep-08
Aflatoxin B2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-103-M001   1 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-103-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O6
MW: 314.3
CAS NUMBER: 7220-81-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1722000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (5mg/ml), DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Aflatoxin B2: Chemical Identity and Biological Activity: S.B. Chang, et al.; Science 142, 1191 (1963) Abstract
Accumulation of only aflatoxin B2 by a strain of Aspergillus flavus: H.W. Schroeder & W.W. Carlton; Appl. Microbiol. 25, 146 (1973) Abstract
In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B2 by animal and human liver: B.D. Roebuck, et al.; Cancer Res. 38, 999 (1978) Abstract
Interaction of aflatoxin B2 with rat liver DNA and histones in vivo: J.D. Groopman, et al.; Carcinogenesis 2, 1371 (1981) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-104 Revised 24-Sep-08
Aflatoxin G1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-104-M001   1 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-104-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 1165-39-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml), methylene chloride (5mg/ml) or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Mutagenic effect of aflatoxin G1 in comparison with B1: M.M. el-Zawahri, et al.; J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 10, 45 (1990) Abstract
Identification of an aflatoxin G1-serum albumin adduct and its relevance to the measurement of human exposure to aflatoxins: G. Sabbioni & C.P. Wild; Carcinogenesis 12, 97 (1991) Abstract
Effects of sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin G1 on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: X.M. Sun, et al.; Biomed. Environ. Sci. 15, 145 (2002) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-106 Revised 20-Jun-08
Aflatoxin G2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-106-M001   1 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-106-M005   5 mg 600.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 7241-98-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1700000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (5mg/ml), DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Combining Ability for Resistance to Field Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize Grain: D.P. Gorman, et al.; Plant Breeding 109, 296 (1992)
Mutagenicity of aflatoxins related to their metabolism and carcinogenic potential: J.J. Wong & D.P. Hsieh; PNAS 73, 2241 (1976) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-114 Revised 13-Jun-08
Aflatoxin M2
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SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxyaflatoxin B2
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-114-MC01   0.1 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 6885-57-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC, TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. Metabolite of aflatoxin B2. DNA-damaging agent.
Product Specific Literature References
Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin-containing diet.: H. De Iongh, et al.; Nature 202, 466 (1964) Abstract
Isolation and structure of aflatoxins M1 and M2: C.W. Holzapfel, et al.; Tetrahedron Lett. 25, 2799 (1966) Abstract
Acute toxicity of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in one-day-old ducklings: I.F. Purchase; Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 5, 339 (1967) Abstract
Occurrence of aflatoxins M(1) and M(2) in milk commercialized in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil: N.S. Garrido, et al.; Food Addit. Contam. 20, 70 (2003) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters
 
 
ALX-630-095 Revised 29-Oct-08
Aflatoxin M1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-095-MC01   0.1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 6795-23-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1880000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (1mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. Hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1. Maximum absorbance (λmax) at 228, 264 and 360nm.
Product Specific Literature References
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against aflatoxin M1: N.A. Woychik, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 1096 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Comparative binding and sequence interaction specificities of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxicol, aflatoxin M1, and aflatoxicol M1 with purified DNA: K. Marien, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7455 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
Presence of aflatoxin M1 in commercial ultra-high-temperature-treated milk.: J.L. Blanco, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1622 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Distribution and stability of aflatoxin M1 during processing, ripening and storage of Telemes cheese: A. Govaris, et al.; Food Addit. Contam. 18, 437 (2001) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • Plant Research Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-630-001 Revised 10-Oct-08
ω-Agatoxin IVA
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-001-C100   100 µg 580.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Lys-Lys-Lys-Cys-Ile-Ala-Lys-Asp-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Cys-Lys-Trp-Gly-Gly-Thr-Pro-Cys-Cys-Arg-Gly-Arg-Gly-Cys-Ile-Cys-Ser-Ile-Met-Gly-Thr-Asn-Cys-Glu-Cys-Lys-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ile-Met-Glu-Gly-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys4-Cys20, Cys12-Cys25, Cys19-Cys36 and Cys27-Cys34)
FORMULA: C217H360N68O60S10
MW: 5202.3
CAS NUMBER: 145017-83-0
RTECS: AW8050000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Agelenopsis aperta.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.
Product Description
Selective P-type Ca2+ channel blocker. Fast acting and potent eurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
P-type calcium channels blocked by the spider toxin omega-Aga-IVA: I.M. Mintz, et al.; Nature 355, 827 (1992) Abstract
Calcium channels coupled to glutamate release identified by omega-Aga- IVA: T.J. Turner, et al.; Science 258, 310 (1992) Abstract
Synthesis of omega-agatoxin IVA and its related peptides: H. Nishio, et al.; BBRC 196, 1447 (1993) Abstract
Interactions of polyamines with neuronal ion channels: R.H. Scott, et al.; TINS 16, 153 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Different types of calcium channels mediate central synaptic transmission: T. Takahashi & A. Momiyama; Nature 366, 156 (1993) Abstract
Sequential assignment and structure determination of spider toxin omega- Aga-IVB: H. Yu, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 13123 (1993) Abstract
Calcium channel diversity and neurotransmitter release: the omega-conotoxins and omega-agatoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63, 823 (1994) Abstract
Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons: K. Dunlap, et al.; TINS 18, 89 (1995), (Review) Abstract
P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA protects against brain injury after focal ischemia in rats: K. Asakura, et al.; Brain Res. 776, 140 (1997) Abstract
Agatoxin-IVA-sensitive calcium channels mediate the presynaptic and postsynaptic nicotinic activation of cardiac vagal neurons: J. Wang, et al.; J. Neurophysiol. 85, 164 (2001) Abstract