ALEXIS Biochemicals: Monoclonal Antibody to Cyclosporin A (CSZ.22)

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ALX-270-289

Revised 20-Oct-08

PJ-34
SYNONYMS	N-(6-Oxo-5,6-dihydro-phenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide . HCl
PRODUCT LINE	DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY	PARP Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-289-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-270-289-M005		5 mg	125.00 USD
ALX-270-289-M025		25 mg	375.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₇N₃O₂ . HCl
MW:	295.2 . 36.5
PURITY:	≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE:	White to light brown powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for 2 years after receipt when stored at +4C°. Stock solutions are stable for 3 weeks when stored at room temperature.
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR and MS.

Product Description

Potent, water soluble poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (EC₅₀=20nM compared to EC₅₀=200µM of the prototypical PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (Prod. No. ALX-270-044)). Inhibits peroxynitrite (Prod. No. ALX-400-036)-induced cell necrosis (EC₅₀=20nM). Has significant, dose-dependent, anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of local inflammation models and provides cardioprotection by decreasing myocardial infarct size.

Product Specific Literature References

Protective effects of PJ34, a novel, potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in in vitro and in vivo models of stroke: G.E. Abdelkarim, et al.; Int. J. Mol. Med. 7, 255 (2001) Abstract
Partial protection by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors from nitroxyl-induced cytotoxity in thymocytes: P. Bai, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 31, 1616 (2001) Abstract
Diabetic endothelial dysfunction: the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation: F. Garcia Soriano, et al.; Nat. Med. 7, 108 (2001) Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of a novel, potent inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase: J.G. Mabley, et al.; Inflamm. Res. 50, 561 (2001) Abstract
Myocardial protection by PJ34, a novel potent poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor: R. Faro, et al.; Ann. Thorac. Surg. 73, 575 (2002) Abstract
Novel phenanthridinone inhibitors of poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) synthetase: potent cytoprotective and antishock agents: P. Jagtap, et al.; Crit. Care Med. 30, 1071 (2002) Abstract
Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to the endothelial dysfunction associated with hypertension and aging: P. Pacher, et al.; Int. J. Mol. Med. 9, 659 (2002) Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase may represent a novel therapeutic approach in chronic heart failure: P. Pacher, et al.; J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 40, 1006 (2002) Abstract
Systemic and hepatosplanchnic hemodynamic and metabolic effects of the PARP inhibitor PJ34 during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia: Z. Ivanyi, et al.; Shock 19, 415 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Substrate-assisted catalysis by PARP10 limits its activity to mono-ADP-ribosylation: H. Kleine, et al.; Mol. Cell 32, 57 (2008) Abstract

General Literature References

The Therapeutic Potential of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors: L. Virag and C. Szabo; Pharmacol. Rev. 54, 375 (2002), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis • DNA Repair Other Products

ALX-370-012

Revised 09-Oct-07

20-Hydroxyecdysone
SYNONYMS	β-Ecdysone 2β,3β,14α,20R,22R,25-Hexahydroxy-5β-cholest-7-en-6-one Ecdysterone
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Ecdysteroids

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-370-012-M005		5 mg	55.00 USD
ALX-370-012-M010		10 mg	90.00 USD
ALX-370-012-M050		50 mg	350.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₇H₄₄O₇
MW:	480.6
CAS NUMBER:	5289-74-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3491
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	White powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Most widely occurring ecdysteroid in both plant and animal species. Controls cell death during metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster.

Product Specific Literature References

H. Hampshire and D.H.S. Horn; Chem. Commun. 37 (1966)
M.N. Galbraith and D.H.S. Horn; Chem. Commun. 905 (1966)
H. Rimpler and G. Schulz; THL 22, 2033 (1967)
L. Canonica, et al.; Phytochemistry 14, 525 (1975)
Fork head controls the timing and tissue selectivity of steroid-induced developmental cell death: C. Cao, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 176, 843 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Forkhead Box [FOX] Proteins / Related Products • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-002

Revised 03-Apr-08

Cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-002-M100		100 mg	46.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5100		5x100 mg	190.00 USD
ALX-380-002-G001		1 g	290.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5001		5x1 g	1'150.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
MW:	1202.6
CAS NUMBER:	59865-13-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2752
RTECS:	GZ4120000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥99% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol, acetone or petroleum ether; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Potent immunosuppressor. Widely used after organ transplantation. Binds to cytosolic proteins of the cyclophilin family. Cyclosporin A-cyclophilin complexes block protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin), a key enzyme in T cell activation. As a result of the calcineurin inhibition, cyclosporine A blocks various cellular processes such as activation of T cells and expression of several lymphokines (especially IL-2). Inhibits cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Cyclosporin A and C-New metabolites from Trichodermapolysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai: Dreyfuss M., et al.; Europ. J. appl. Microbiol. 3, 125 (1976)
Immunosuppression for organ grafting - observations on cyclosporin A: R. Y. Calne; Immunol. Rev. 46, 113 (1976), Review Abstract
Immunological actions of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: D. Yocum; Br. J. Rheumatol. 32, 38 (1993), Review Abstract
Cyclosporin A binding to mitochondrial cyclophilin inhibits the permeability transition pore and protects hearts from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: A.P. Halestrap, et al; Mol. Cell. Biochem. 174, 167 (1997), Review Abstract
New aspects of cyclosporin a mode of action: from gene silencing to gene up-regulation: L. Mascarell & P. Truffa-Bachi; Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 3, 205 (2003), Review Abstract
Rationale for T cell inhibition by cyclosporin A in major autoimmune diseases: G.F. Ferraccioli, et al.; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1051, 658 (2005), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-282

Revised 19-Mar-08

Cyclosporin C
SYNONYMS	Thr²-cyclosporin A 7-L-Threonine-cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-282-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-380-282-M005		5 mg	200.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₃
MW:	1218.6
CAS NUMBER:	59787-61-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2752
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Colorless to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.

Product Description

Potent immunosuppressor.

Product Specific Literature References

Cyclosporin A and C-New metabolites from Trichodermapolysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai: M. Dreyfuss, et al.; Europ. J. Appl. Microbiol. 3, 125 (1976)
[The structure of cyclosporin c (author’s transl)]: R. Traber, et al.; Helv. Chim. Acta 60, 1247 (1977) Abstract
Dosage, timing, and route of administration of cyclosporin A and nonimmunosuppressive derivatives of dihydrocyclosporin A and cyclosporin C against Schistosoma mansoni in vivo and in vitro: L.H. Chappell, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1567 (1987) Abstract
Cyclosporin C is the main antifungal compound produced by Acremonium luzulae: M. Moussaif, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 1739 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
Cyclosporin C(2) and C(0) concentration monitoring in stable, long-term heart transplant recipients receiving metabolic inhibitors: J.E. Ray, et al.; J. Heart Lung Transplant. 22, 715 (2003) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-286

Revised 08-Apr-08

Cyclosporin H
SYNONYMS	Csh-cyclosporin 5-(N-Methyl-D-valine)-cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-286-M001		1 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-380-286-M005		5 mg	320.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
MW:	1202.6
CAS NUMBER:	83602-39-5
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Immunologically inactive. Does not bind to immunophilin. Potent inhibitor of tumor promoting phorbol ester TPA/PMA (Prod. No. ALX-445-004) in mouse skin in vivo. Potent inhibitor of Ca²⁺/calmodulin dependent EF-2 phosphorylation in vitro. Potent and selective antagonist of formyl peptide receptor. Inhibits formyl peptide-induced superoxide formation.

Product Specific Literature References

The weak immunosuppressant cyclosporine D as well as the immunologically inactive cyclosporine H are potent inhibitors in vivo of phorbol ester TPA-induced biological effects in mouse skin and of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent EF-2 phosphorylation in vitro: M. Gschwendt, et al.; BBRC 150, 545 (1988) Abstract
Differential inhibition of human neutrophil activation by cyclosporins A, D, and H. Cyclosporin H is a potent and effective inhibitor of formyl peptide-induced superoxide formation: K. Wenzel-Seifert, et al.; J. Immunol. 147, 1940 (1991) Abstract
Cyclosporin H is a potent and selective formyl peptide receptor antagonist. Comparison with N-t-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L- leucyl-L-phenylalanine and cyclosporins A, B, C, D, and E: K. Wenzel-Seifert & R. Seifert; J. Immunol. 150, 4591 (1993) Abstract
Cyclosporin H is a potent and selective competitive antagonist of human basophil activation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: A. de Paulis, et al.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98, 152 (1996) Abstract
Cyclosporin H, Boc-MLF and Boc-FLFLF are antagonists that preferentially inhibit activity triggered through the formyl peptide receptor: A.L. Stenfeldt, et al.; Inflammation 30, 224 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • CAM Kinase Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-420-027

Revised 26-Mar-08

DMNQ
SYNONYMS	2,3-Dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
PRODUCT LINE	Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-420-027-M005		5 mg	68.00 USD
ALX-420-027-M010		10 mg	115.00 USD
ALX-420-027-M025		25 mg	225.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₂H₁₀O₄
MW:	218.2
CAS NUMBER:	6956-96-3
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetone, DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. DMNQ does not react with free thiol groups, is non-alkylating and adduct-forming in contrast to other quinones. Thus, DMNQ is a valuable tool for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis and necrosis.

Product Specific Literature References

Different prooxidant levels stimulate growth, trigger apoptosis, or produce necrosis of insulin-secreting RINm5F cells: J.M. Dypbukt, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 30553 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
DNA single-strand breakage in mammalian cells induced by redox cycling quinones in the absence of oxidative stress: W.A. Morgan; J. Biochem. Toxicol. 10, 227 (1995) Abstract
Potentiation of nitric oxide synthase expression by superoxide in interleukin 1 beta-stimulated rat mesangial cells: K.F. Beck, et al.; FEBS Lett. 435, 35 (1998) Abstract
The relative importance of oxidative stress versus arylation in the mechanism of quinone-induced cytotoxicity to platelets: S.A. Seung, et al.; Chem. Biol. Interact. 113, 133 (1998) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-430-136

Revised 08-Jan-08

Necrostatin-1
SYNONYMS	Nec-1 5-(1H-Indol-3-ylmethyl)-(2-thio-3-methyl)hydantoin
PRODUCT LINE	Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-430-136-M005		5 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-430-136-M025		25 mg	60.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₃H₁₃N₃OS
MW:	259.3
CAS NUMBER:	4311-88-0
PURITY:	≥98% (¹H-NMR)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Cell permeable inhibitor of necroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death. Inhibits the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane integrity in FADD-deficient Jurkat T cells treated with TNF-α (EC₅₀=490nM), without having an effect on FasL induced apoptosis in vitro. Displays a protective effect in a mouse model of ischemic brain injury in vivo.

Product Specific Literature References

Structure-activity relationship study of novel necroptosis inhibitors: X. Teng, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 5039 (2005) Abstract
Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury: A. Degterev, et al.; Nat. Chem. Biol. 1, 112 (2005) Abstract
Chemical genetic approaches to probing cell death: N.M. Gangadhar and B.R. Stockwell; Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 11, 83 (2007) Abstract
Necrostatin-1 protects against glutamate-induced glutathione depletion and caspase-independent cell death in HT-22 cells: X. Xu, et al.; J. Neurochem. 103, 2004 (2007) Abstract
Necrostatin: a potentially novel cardioprotective agent?: C.C. Smith, et al.; Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 21, 227 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Autophagy Other Products

ALX-430-137

Revised 23-Oct-08

IM-54
SYNONYMS	2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-3-pentylamino-maleimide
PRODUCT LINE	Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-430-137-M001		1 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-430-137-M025		25 mg	420.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₃N₃O₂
MW:	325.4
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO (100mg/ml), dichloomethane, 100% ethanol or methanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.

Product Description

Cell permeable inhibitor of necrosis. Selectively blocks oxidative stress-induced necrotic cell death (~3µM IM-54 prevented ~50% cell death in HL60 cells exposed to 100µM H₂O₂). Does not protect against etoposide-induced apoptosis or display antioxidant properties. Does not affect S6K1 and PKC kinase activities at concentrations of 50µM.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced necrotic cell death with 3-amino-2-indolylmaleimide derivatives: K. Dodo, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15, 3114 (2005) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Cell Stress, Oxidative Stress & Redox Signalling Other Products

ALX-430-140

Revised 08-Mar-07

F16
SYNONYMS	4-[(E)-2-(Indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide
PRODUCT LINE	Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-430-140-M005		5 mg	40.00 USD
ALX-430-140-M025		25 mg	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₁₅IN₂
MW:	362.2
CAS NUMBER:	36098-33-6
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Orange solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING:	AMB