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Glutathione S-Transferase
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ALX-350-246 Revised 07-Oct-08
Butein
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SYNONYMS 2',3,4,4'-Tetrahydroxychalcone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-350-246-M010   10 mg 190.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H12O5
MW: 272.3
CAS NUMBER: 487-52-5
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (>50mg/ml) or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep cool and dry under inert gas.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Plant polyphenol. Specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Potently inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor and p60c-src. Potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Inhibits glutathione reductase and rat liver glutathione S-transferase. Activator of human deacetylase SIRT1. Inhibits aromatase, showing chemopreventive properties. Directly inhibits IKK.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction and skin tumor promotion by new lipoxygenase inhibitors lacking protein kinase C inhibitory effects: E. Aizu, et al.; Carcinogenesis 7, 1809 (1986) Abstract
Protective effects of hydroxychalcones on free radical-induced cell damage: S. Sogawa, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17, 251 (1994) Abstract
Cytotoxic effect of butein on human colon adenocarcinoma cell proliferation: C.C. Yit & N.P. Das; Cancer Lett. 82, 65 (1994) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of plant polyphenols on rat liver glutathione S-transferase: K. Zhang & N.P. Das; Biochem. Pharmacol. 47, 2063 (1994) Abstract
Endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta by butein, a novel cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor: S.M. Yu, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 280, 69 (1995) Abstract
Butein (3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) ameliorates experimantal anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (3): K. Hayashi, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 316, 297 (1996) Abstract
Inhibition of glutathione reductase by plant polyphenols: K. Zhang, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol 54, 1047 (1997) Abstract
Butein, a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor: E.-B. Yang, et al.; BBRC 245, 435 (1998) Abstract
Antioxidant properties of butein isolated from Dalbergia odorifera: Z.J. Cheng, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1392, 291 (1998) Abstract
Flavonoids inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells: K. Iwashita, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 64, 1813 (2000) Abstract
Butein, a plant polyphenol, induces apoptosis concomitant with increased caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in HL-60 cells: N.Y. Kim, et al.; Pharmacol. Toxicol. 88, 261 (2001) Abstract
Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan: K.T. Howitz, et al.; Nature 425, 191 (2003) Abstract
The plant polyphenol butein inhibits testosterone-induced proliferation in breast cancer cells expressing aromatase: Y. Wang, et al.; Life Sci. 77, 39 (2005) Abstract
Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, inhibits nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression through direct inhibition of IkappaBalpha kinase beta on cysteine 179 residue: M.K. Pandey, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 282, 17340 (2007) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-220 Revised 05-May-08
Cafestol
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents
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ALX-350-220-M050   50 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H28O3
MW: 316.4
CAS NUMBER: 469-83-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1634
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction of petroleum ether extract of coffee beans.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Inducer of glutathione S-transferases. Has chemoprotective activity, reducing the genotoxicity of several carcinogens.
Product Specific Literature References
R.O. Bengis and R.J. Anderson; J. Biol. Chem. 47, 99 (1932)
K.H. Slotta and K. Neisser; Ber. 71, 1991 (1938)
Isolation and identification of kahweol palmitate and cafestol palmitate as active constituents of green coffee beans that enhance glutathione S-transferase activity in the mouse: L.K.T. Lam, et al.; Cancer Res. 42, 1193 (1982)
The coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol protect against aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity through a dual mechanism: C. Cavin, et al.; Carcinogenesis 19, 1369 (1998) Abstract
Cafestol and kahweol, two coffee specific diterpenes with anticarcinogenic activity: C. Cavin, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 40, 1155 (2002) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-028 Revised 12-Sep-08
Curcumin (high purity)
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SYNONYMS 1,7-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
Diferuloylmethane
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
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ALX-350-028-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M050   50 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M250   250 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20O6
MW: 368.4
CAS NUMBER: 458-37-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2673
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa).
PURITY: ≥98.5% (Note: This highly purified product is free of demethoxy- and bis-demethoxycurcumin and does not contain 30-40% bioactive impurities)
APPEARANCE: Orange-yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase. Also inhibits glutathione S-transferase, induction of nitric oxide (NO) in activated macrophages and inhibits EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors. Antioxidant. Inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), disrupting the binding of NQO1 to wild type p53 inducing ubiquitin-independent degradation of p53 and inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis in normal thymocytes and myeloid leukemic cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Modification of certain inflammation-induced biochemical changes by curcumin: R. Srivastava & R.C. Srimal; Indian J. Med. Res. 81, 215 (1985) Abstract
Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones: D.L. Flynn, et al.; Prostagl. Leukotr. Med. 22, 357 (1986) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in A431 cells: L. Korutla & R. Kumar; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1224, 597 (1994) Abstract
Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages: I. Brouet & H. Okshima; BBRC 206, 533 (1995) Abstract
Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin: J.N. Commandeur & N.P. Vermeulen; Xenobiotica 26, 667 (1996) Abstract
Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids: Sreejayan & M.N. Rao; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49, 105 (1997) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice: M.T. Huang, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. (Suppl.) 27, 26 (1997) Abstract
In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties: M.M. Chan, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 55, 1955 (1998) Abstract
Effect of curcumin on the production of nitric oxide by cultured rat mammary gland: M. Onoda & H. Inano; Nitric Oxide 4, 505 (2000) Abstract
Suppression of nitric oxide oxidation to nitrite by curcumin is due to the sequestration of the reaction intermediate nitrogen dioxide, not nitric oxide: B.D. Johnston & E.G. DeMaster; Nitric Oxide 8, 231 (2003) Abstract
Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action: B. Joe, et al.; Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 97 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin, a major constituent of turmeric, corrects cystic fibrosis defects: M.E. Egan, et al.; Science 304, 600 (2004) Abstract
Inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and induction of p53 degradation by the natural phenolic compound curcumin: P. Tsvetkov, et al.; PNAS 102, 5535 (2005) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin: V.S. Yadav, et al.; Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 27, 485 (2005) Abstract
Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases: S. Bengmark; JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 30, 45 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase: M.G. Marcu, et al.; Med. Chem. 2, 169 (2006) Abstract
Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review: R.K. Maheshwari, et al.; Life Sci. 78, 2081 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via down-regulation of HIF-1: M.K. Bae, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 15, 1557 (2006) Abstract
Notch-1 down-regulation by curcumin is associated with the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells: Z. Wang, et al.; Cancer 106, 2503 (2006) Abstract
Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species: M. Panchatcharam, et al.; Mol. Cell Biochem. 290, 87 (2006) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide-activated primary microglia: K.K. Jung, et al.; Life Sci. 79, 2022 (2006) Abstract
The dietary compound curcumin inhibits p300 histone acetyltransferase activity and prevents heart failure in rats: T. Morimoto, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 118, 868 (2008) Abstract; Full Text
 
 
ALX-850-278 Revised 24-Feb-05
Glutathione S-transferase Assay Kit
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SYNONYMS GST Assay Kit
PRODUCT LINE Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutathione S-Transferase
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ALX-850-278-KI01   1 Kit 349.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
QUANTITY: 96 wells (~80 tests).
APPLICATION: For the measurement of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in plasma, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates and cell lysates.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Glutathione / Related ProductsActivity Assays
 
 
ALX-350-223 Revised 07-Apr-08
Kahweol
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents
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ALX-350-223-M010   10 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H26O3
MW: 314.2
CAS NUMBER: 6894-43-5
SOURCE/HOST: Natural product isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction of petroleum ether extract of coffee beans.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ethyl acetate, acetone or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Induces glutathione S-transferase. Has anti-cancer, chemoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
Product Specific Literature References
R.O. Bengis & R.J. Anderson; J. Biol. Chem. 47, 99 (1932)
Isolation and identification of kahweol palmitate and cafestol palmitate as active constituents of green coffee beans that enhance glutathione S-transferase activity in the mouse: L.K. Lam, et al.; Cancer Res. 42, 1193 (1982) Abstract
Effects of derivatives of kahweol and cafestol on the activity of glutathione S-transferase in mice: L.K. Lam, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 30, 1399 (1987) Abstract
Placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) induction as a potential mechanism for the anti-carcinogenic effect of the coffee-specific components cafestol and kahweol: B. Schilter, et al.; Carcinogenesis 17, 2377 (1996) Abstract
Chemoprotection against the formation of colon DNA adducts from the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in the rat: W.W. Huber, et al.; Mutat. Res. 376, 115 (1997) Abstract
The coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol protect against aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity through a dual mechanism: C. Cavin, et al.; Carcinogenesis 19, 1369 (1998) Abstract
Cafestol and kahweol, two coffee specific diterpenes with anticarcinogenic activity: C. Cavin, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 40, 1155 (2002) Abstract
The coffee diterpene kahweol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells: H.G. Kim, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 217, 332 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-804-063 Revised 30-Nov-05
Monoclonal Antibody to Glutathione S-transferase (4H3)
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SYNONYMS anti-GST MAb (4H3)
PRODUCT LINE Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutathione S-Transferase
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ALX-804-063-C100   100 µg 380.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Others
CLONE: 4H3
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
PURITY DETAIL: Purified from serum-free cell culture supernatant by subsequent thiophilic adsorption and size exclusion chromatography.
FORMULATION: Lyophilized from 1ml 2 x PBS, 0.1% sodium azide, PEG and sucrose.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 1ml distilled water.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant Schistosoma japonicum GST (glutathione S-transferase).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes GST of Schistosoma japonicum that is encoded by the pGEX expression vectors. Does not cross-react with mammalian (human, mouse or rat) GST.
APPLICATION: Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1µg/ml for AP/BCIP/NBT (MTT) detection; 0.1µg/ml for HRPO/ECL detection)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Reconstituted antibody is stable for 1 year when stored at -80°C. Thaw aliquots at +37°C. Thawed aliquots may be stored at +4°C for up to 3 months.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and freeze in liquid nitrogen. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Glutathione / Related ProductsMonoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-804-510 Revised 28-Nov-08
Monoclonal Antibody to Glutathione S-transferase-Pi (USal-hGST-Pi-McAb-1)
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SYNONYMS anti-GST-Pi MAb (USal-hGST-Pi-McAb-1)
PRODUCT LINE Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY Glutathione S-Transferase
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ALX-804-510-C100   100 µg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Rat
Others
CLONE: USal-hGST-Pi-McAb-1
ISOTYPE: Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL: Protein G-affinity purified.
FORMULATION: Liquid. Contains 100nM sodium azide and 0.7% BSA.
IMMUNOGEN: Recombinant human placenta GST-Pi (glutathione S-transferase-Pi).
SPECIFICITY: Recognizes human, rat and leishmania GST-Pi. Does not cross-react with human or rat class alpha GST.
APPLICATION: Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections (1:100))
Western Blot (1:150-1:1’000)
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
Product Images
Please click on thumbnails to enlarge.
Product Specific Literature References
Bile acid secretion during rat liver carcinogenesis: M.J. Monte, et al.; Life Sci. 66, 1085 (2000) Abstract
General Information
The GST Family
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a large multigen family of multifunctional enzymes, which play an important role in detoxification of potentially genotoxic chemicals, by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a large number of hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens. They also bind to a variety of nonsubstrate ligands. The GSTs are widely distributed in mammalian species and can be grouped into four classes, based on their biochemical, immunological and structural properties: alpha, mu, pi and theta.

GSTs are dimeric, mainly cytosolic, enzymes that have extensive ligand binding properties in addition to their catalytic role in detoxification. A separate microsomal class of GSTs exists which is quite distinct from the cytosolic GSTs, and is designated as "membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism" (MAPEG). The N-terminal region tends to be better conserved within classes as it includes an important part of the active site.

GSTs are believed to play a role in cancer prevention, as the electrophilic compounds that are conjugated to glutathione could otherwise react with and modify cellular components such as DNA, thereby initiating carcinogenesis. On the other hand, GSTs might detoxify chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells, thus contributing to drug resistance.
In summary, GSTs are a group of enzymes which are centrally involved in drug metabolism and detoxification. Because of their role in detoxification, they have been implicated in drug sensitivity and resistance. They may also influence mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and thus, increased GST activity may become a useful cancer marker.
Since many GST genes are polymorphic, there has been considerable interest in determining whether particular allelic variants are also associated with an increase of risk for certain diseases.

Glutathione S-transferase-Pi
The GST-Pi class (phase II detoxification enzymes) is the most abundant of the human glutathione S-transferases family, a major group of detoxification enzymes and widely distributed in the human body.
In normal human tissues, the enzymes protect cells against reactions with glutathione and reactive oxygen species by reducing organic hydroperoxides via gluthathione peroxidase activity.
The role of GST-Pi in tumor growth and progression is less well known. It is reported to be variably expressed in breast cancer and is associated with estrogen receptor levels expressed by the tumor. Down-regulation of GST-Pi activity in a study done on a T cell line appears to favor apoptosis and inhibition of GST-Pi function induces apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells.
The importance in cancer research is clear, as GST-Pi has been implicated in protection against apoptosis and also suggested to have a role in jun kinase inhibition.
The majority of human tumor cell lines express significant amounts of class pi GST, which is why it is being investigated as a potential marker for various types of cancer. GST-Pi is thought to be associated with increased resistance to anticancer drugs. GST-Pi expression is under investigation as a prognostic indicator for resistance to chemotherapy and a marker of treatment resistance.

Further Categories Containing This Product:
Glutathione / Related ProductsMonoclonal Antibodies
 
 
ALX-350-227 Revised 28-Apr-08
Myristicin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents
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ALX-350-227-M100   100 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H12O3
MW: 192.2
CAS NUMBER: 607-91-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6334
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Petroselinium hortense Hoffmann.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Natural product isolated from parsley oil. Inducer of glutathione S-transferases. Also inhibits chemical carcinogenesis. Induces rat and human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Has very potent hepatoprotective activity. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Myristicin: a potential cancer chemopreventive agent from parsley leaf oil: G.-Q. Zheng, et al.; J. Agri. Food Chem. 40, 107 (1992)
Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced tumorigenesis by myristicin, a volatile aroma constituent of parsley leaf oil: G.-Q. Zheng, et al.; Carcinogenesis 13, 1921 (1992) Abstract
Induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by myristicin: H.G. Jeong & C.H. Yun; BBRC 217, 966 (1995) Abstract
Toxicological evaluation of myristicin: H. Hallstrom & A. Thuvander; Nat. Toxins 5, 186 (1997), Review Abstract
Roles of human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 enzymes in the oxidation of myristicin: C.H. Yun, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 137, 143 (2003) Abstract
Hepatoprotective effect of myristicin from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on lipopolysaccharide/ d-galactosamine-induced liver injury: T. Morita, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 1560 (2003) Abstract
Myristicin-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells: B.K. Lee, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 157, 49 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-222 Revised 28-Mar-08
Dihydromyristicin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents
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ALX-350-222-M100   100 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H14O3
MW: 194.2
CAS NUMBER: 52811-28-6
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Colorless liquid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Hydrogenated product of myristicin (Prod. No. ALX-350-227), a natural constituent of parsley. Inducer of glutathione S-transferases.
Product Specific Literature References
Myristicin: a potential cancer chemopreventive agent from parsley leaf oil: G.-Q. Zheng, et al.; J. Agri. Food Chem. 40, 107 (1992)
Inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced tumorigenesis by myristicin, a volatile aroma constituent of parsley leaf oil: G.Q. Zheng, et al.; Carcinogenesis 13, 1921 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Glutathione S-TransferaseAntitumor Agents (Enzyme Activators & Inducers)Active