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ALX-350-106 Revised 29-Nov-07
Ampullosporin A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-106-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: Ac-Trp-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Gln-Leu-Aib-Gln-Leucinol
FORMULA: C77H127N19O19
MW: 1623.0
SOURCE/HOST: Antibiotic isolated from Sepedonium ampullosporum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohols, chloroform or dichloromethane. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Peptaibol-type polypeptide. Induces pigment formation by the fungus Phoma destructiva, causes hypothermia in mice, displays neuroleptic activity in rats and forms instable pores in artificial bilayer membranes.
Product Specific Literature References
Ampullosporin, a new peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053 with neuroleptic activity in mice: M. Ritzau, et al.; J. Antibiot. 50, 722 (1997) Abstract
Differences in ion permeability of an artificial bilayer membrane caused by ampullosporin and bergofungin, new 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotics: P. Grigoriev, et al.; Bioelectrochemistry 44, 155 (1997)
Differences in ion-channel formation by ampullosporins B, C, D and semisynthetic desacetyltryptophanyl ampullosporin A: P. Grigoriev, et al.; Bioelectrochemistry 57, 119 (2002) Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of the peptaibol ampullosporin A: H.H. Nguyen, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 45, 2781 (2002) Abstract
Crystal structure and conformational analysis of ampullosporin A: M. Kronen, et al.; J. Pept. Sci. 9, 729 (2003) Abstract
Membrane association and activity of 15/16-membered peptide antibiotics: zervamicin IIB, ampullosporin A and antiamoebin I: T.N. Kropacheva, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1715, 6 (2005) Abstract
Transcriptional response to the neuroleptic-like compound Ampullosporin A in the rat ketamine model: H. Krugel, et al.; J. Neurochem. 97, Suppl. 1, 74 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alzheimer Research Other Products • Ion Channels & Transporters Other Products • Peptides
 
 
ALX-350-233 Revised 30-Oct-07
Gramicidin A (high purity)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-233-M001   1 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-233-M005   5 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: HCO-Val-Gly-Ala-D-Leu-Ala-D-Val-Val-D-Val-Trp-D-Leu-Trp-D-Leu-Trp-D-Leu-Trp-NHCH2CH2OH
FORMULA: C99H140N20O17
MW: 1882.3
CAS NUMBER: 11029-61-01
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4532
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bacillus brevis.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Off-white solid.
PURITY DETAIL: Contaminants: gB and gC isomers: <1% (HPLC).
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, in the lower alcohols or in acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Description
Naturally occurring ion channel forming pentadecapeptide. Causes K+/H+-exchange in mitochondria in a non-voltage dependent manner.
Product Specific Literature References
Purification of gramicidin A: C.J. Stankovic, et al.; Anal. Biochem. 184, 100 (1990) Abstract
The permeation properties of small organic cations in gramicidin A channels: S.A. Seoh & D. Busath; Biophys. J. 64, 1017 (1993) Abstract
Palmitoylation-induced conformational changes of specific side chains in the gramicidin transmembrane channel: R.E. Koeppe, 2nd, et al.; Biochemistry 34, 9299 (1995) Abstract
Two mechanisms of H+/OH- transport across phospholipid vesicular membrane facilitated by gramicidin A: B.S. Prabhananda & M.H. Kombrabail; Biophys. J. 71, 3091 (1996) Abstract
Effects of gramicidin-A on the adsorption of phospholipids to the air-water interface: S.C. Biswas, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1717, 41 (2005) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
K+ Channels Other Products • Peptides
 
 
ALX-630-046 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin GI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-046-C500   500 µg 440.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Glu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Arg-His-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2 . HCl
(Disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys7and Cys3-Cys13)
FORMULA: C55H80N20O18S4
MW: 1437.6
RTECS: GL1500000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus geographus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White amorphous powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Peptide toxins from Conus geographus venom: W.R. Gray, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 256, 4734 (1981) Abstract
Primary and secondary structure of conotoxin GI, a neurotoxic tridecapeptide from a marine snail: Y. Nishiuchi & S. Sakakibara; FEBS Lett. 148, 260 (1982) Abstract
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 2305 (2004), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins as selective probes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subclasses: R.W. Janes; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 280 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors Other Products • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-047 Revised 14-Oct-08
μ-Conotoxin GS
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-047-C500   500 µg 790.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ala-Cys-Ser-Gly-Arg-Gly-Ser-Arg-Cys-Hyp-Hyp-Gln-Cys-Cys-Met-Gly-Leu-Arg-Cys-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asn-Pro-Gln-Lys-Cys-Ile-Gly-Ala-His-Gla-Asp-Val-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys14, Cys9-Cys19and Cys13-Cys27) (Gla = L-γ-Carboxyglutamic acid)
FORMULA: C139H220N52O48S7
MW: 3612.1
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus geographus.
QUANTITY: 0.55mg (0.15µmol)
CONCENTRATION: 0.1mM after reconstitution.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION: Do not remove the cap. Inject 1.5ml of water or 0.9% sodium chloride into the vial using a syring. Let the contents dissolve thoroughly.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY:

Stable for at least 1 year when stored at -20°C. Stock solutions are stable for a few weeks at -20°C.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Na+ channel blocker. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
A novel sodium channel inhibitor from Conus geographus: purification, structure, and pharmacological properties: Y. Yanagawa, et al.; Biochemistry 27, 6256 (1988) Abstract
Solution structure of the sodium channel antagonist conotoxin GS: a new molecular caliper for probing sodium channel geometry: J.M. Hill, et al.; Structure 5, 571 (1997) Abstract
Using the deadly mu-conotoxins as probes of voltage-gated sodium channels: R. A. Li & G. F. Tomaselli; Toxicon 44, 117 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-048 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin MI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-048-C500   500 µg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Gly-Arg-Cys-Cys-His-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Lys-Asn-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys8and Cys4-Cys14)
FORMULA: C58H86N22O17S4
MW: 1491.7
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus magus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Isolation and structure of a peptide toxin from the marine snail Conus magus: M. McIntosh, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 218, 329 (1982) Abstract
Synthesis of conotoxin MI and GII: structure-activity relationship of conotoxins: Y. Nishiuchi & S. Sakakibara; Peptide Chemistry (Edited by E. Munekata) Protein Research Foundation, Osaka 1983, 191 (1984)
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 2305 (2004), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins as selective probes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subclasses: R.W. Janes; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 280 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors Other Products • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-049 Revised 14-Oct-08
α-Conotoxin SI
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-049-C500   500 µg 480.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Ser-Cys-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys7and Cys3-Cys13)
FORMULA: C55H83N16O16S4
MW: 1352.6
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus striatus.
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Postsynaptic inhibitor at the neuromuscular junction. Selective antagonist of neuromuscular or neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Phylogenetic specificity of cholinergic ligands: alpha-conotoxin SI: G.C. Zafaralla, et al.; Biochemistry 27, 7102 (1988) Abstract
Synthesis of .alpha.-conotoxin SI, a bicyclic tridecapeptide amide with two disulfide bridges: illustration of novel protection schemes and oxidation strategies: M.C. Munson & G. Barany; JACS 115, 10203 (1993)
The alpha-conotoxins GI and MI distinguish between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist sites while SI does not: R.M. Hann, et al.; Biochemistry 33, 14058 (1994) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as pharmacological tools and potential drug leads: J. L. Dutton & D. J. Craik; Curr. Med. Chem. 8, 327 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Alpha-conotoxins as tools for the elucidation of structure and function of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: A. Nicke, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 2305 (2004), (Review) Abstract
alpha-Conotoxins as selective probes for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subclasses: R.W. Janes; Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 5, 280 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Acetylcholine Receptors Other Products • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-053 Revised 14-Oct-08
ω-Conotoxin SVIB
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-053-C500   500 µg 640.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Cys-Lys-Leu-Lys-Gly-Gln-Ser-Cys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Ser-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Ser-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys16, Cys8-Cys20and Cys15-Cys26)
FORMULA: C105H176N38O36S6
MW: 2739.2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus striatus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. N-Type Ca2+ channel blocker. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Conotoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 22067 (1991), (Minireview) Abstract; Full Text
Novel alpha- and omega-conotoxins from Conus striatus venom: C.A. Ramilo, et al.; Biochemistry 31, 9919 (1992) Abstract
Effects of diverse omega-conopeptides on the in vivo release of glutamic and gamma-aminobutyric acids: R. Newcomb & A. Palma; Brain Res. 638, 95 (1994) Abstract
Novel omega-conopeptides reduced field potential amplitudes in the rat hippocampal slice: J.A. Fox; Neurosci. Lett. 165, 157 (1994) Abstract
Calcium channel diversity and neurotransmitter release: the omega-conotoxins and omega-agatoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63, 823 (1994), (Review) Abstract
A consensus structure for omega-conotoxins with different selectivities for voltage-sensitive calcium channel subtypes: comparison of MVIIA, SVIB and SNX-202: K.J. Nielsen, et al.; J. Mol. Biol. 263, 297 (1996) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+ Channels (N-type) • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-054 Revised 14-Oct-08
μ-Conotoxin GIIIB
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-054-C500   500 µg 790.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Arg-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Hyp-Hyp-Arg-Lys-Cys-Lys-Asp-Arg-Arg-Cys-Lys-Hyp-Met-Lys-Cys-Cys-Ala-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys15, Cys4-Cys20and Cys10-Cys21)
FORMULA: C101H175N39O30S7
MW: 2640.2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus geographus.
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Specific blocker of the skeletal voltage-gated Na+ channels. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Conus geographus toxins that discriminate between neuronal and muscle sodium channels: L.J. Cruz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9280 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Use of geographutoxin II (mu-conotoxin) for the study of neuromuscular transmission in mouse: S.J. Hong & C.C. Chang; Br. J. Pharmacol. 97, 934 (1989) Abstract
Noncontractile acetylcholine receptor-operated Ca++ mobilization: suppression of activation by open channel blockers and acceleration of desensitization by closed channel blockers in mouse diaphragm muscle: M. Kimura, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256, 18 (1991) Abstract
Conotoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 22067 (1991), (Minireview) Abstract; Full Text
Presynaptic calcium signals and transmitter release are modulated by calcium-activated potassium channels: R. Robitaille & M.P. Charlton; J. Neurosci. 12, 297 (1992) Abstract
Solution synthesis of mu-conotoxin GIIIB: optimization of the oxidative folding reaction: S. Kubo, et al.; Pept. Res. 6, 66 (1993) Abstract
Using the deadly mu-conotoxins as probes of voltage-gated sodium channels: R. A. Li & G. F. Tomaselli; Toxicon 44, 117 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-055 Revised 10-Oct-08
ω-Conotoxin GVIA
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-630-055-C500   500 µg 790.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Cys-Lys-Ser-Hyp-Gly-Ser-Ser-Cys-Ser-Hyp-Thr-Ser-Tyr-Asn-Cys-Cys-Arg-Ser-Cys-Asn-Hyp-Tyr-Thr-Lys-Arg-Cys-Tyr-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys16, Cys8-Cys19and Cys15-Cys26)
FORMULA: C120H182N38O43S6
MW: 3037.3
CAS NUMBER: 106375-28-4
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Conus geographus.
QUANTITY:  
CONCENTRATION: 0.1mM after reconstitution.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
RECONSTITUTION: Do not remove the cap. Inject distilled water into the vial using a calibrated syringe. Dissolve all contents thoroughly.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. The aqueous solution is stable for a few weeks when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Neurotoxin. Potent and selective blocker of neuronal N-type, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Not for sale in U.S.A.
Product Specific Literature References
Peptide neurotoxins from fish-hunting cone snails: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Science 230, 1338 (1985) Abstract
Characterization of the omega-conotoxin target. Evidence for tissue-specific heterogeneity in calcium channel types: L.J. Cruz, et al.; Biochemistry 26, 820 (1987) Abstract
Presynaptic Ca-antagonist omega-conotoxin irreversibly blocks N-type Ca-channels in chick sensory neurons: H. Kasai, et al.; Neurosci. Res. 4, 228 (1987) Abstract
Omega-conotoxin: direct and persistent blockade of specific types of calcium channels in neurons but not muscle: E.W. McCleskey, et al.; PNAS 84, 4327 (1987) Abstract
Omega-conotoxin-sensitive voltage-operated calcium channels in vertebrate cells: E. Sher & F. Clementi; Neuroscience 42, 301 (1991) Abstract
omega-Conotoxin GVIA receptors of Discopyge electric organ. Characterization of omega-conotoxin binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: W.A. Horne, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13719 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Conotoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 266, 22067 (1991), (Minireview) Abstract; Full Text
Solution structure of omega-conotoxin GVIA using 2-D NMR spectroscopy and relaxation matrix analysis: J.H. Davis, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 7396 (1993) Abstract
Preparation and characterization of biotinylated analogs of the calcium channel blocker omega-conotoxin: O.T. Jones & A.P. So; Anal. Biochem. 214, 227 (1993), (Biotinylation) Abstract
Structural determinants of the blockade of N-type calcium channels by a peptide neurotoxin: P.T. Ellinor, et al.; Nature 372, 272 (1994) Abstract
Calcium channel diversity and neurotransmitter release: the omega-conotoxins and omega-agatoxins: B.M. Olivera, et al.; Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63, 823 (1994), (Review) Abstract
Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons: K. Dunlap, et al.; TINS 18, 89 (1995) Abstract
Structure-activity relationships of omega-conotoxins at N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels: K.J. Nielsen, et al.; J. Mol. Recognit. 13, 55 (2000), (Review) Abstract
Rapid and reversible block of N-type calcium channels (CaV 2.2) by omega-conotoxin GVIA in the absence of divalent cations: H. Liang & K. S. Elmslie; J. Neurosci. 22, 8884 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Ca2+ Channels (N-type) • Peptides • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-630-056 Revised 14-Oct-08
ω-Conotoxin MVIIA