ALEXIS Biochemicals: Pertussis Toxin B Oligomer

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ALX-350-001

Revised 05-Apr-08

Forskolin
SYNONYMS	Colforsin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M005		5 mg	52.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M010		10 mg	85.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M025		25 mg	185.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M050		50 mg	325.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₃₄O₇
MW:	410.5
CAS NUMBER:	66575-29-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2476
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Coleus forskohlii.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to green crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethyl acetate (10mg/ml), anhydrous DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (6mg/ml). DMSO is the recommended solvent for activation of cAMP.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 4 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Description

Activates adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Widely used tool for the investigation of the role of cAMP as a second messenger with a broad range of potential therapeutic applications. Inotropic agent and vasodilator. Induces platelet aggregation. Inhibits ion channels by a mechanism that does not involve cAMP. Non-competitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Product Specific Literature References

Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems: K.B. Seamon & J.W. Daly; J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 7, 201 (1981), Review Abstract
Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, increases CA2+-dependent electrical activity induced by glucose in mouse pancreatic B cells: J.C. Henquin, et al.; Endocrinology 112, 2218 (1983) Abstract
Pharmacology and inotropic potential of forskolin in the human heart: M.R. Bristow, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 74, 212 (1984) Abstract
Forskolin and antidiuretic hormone stimulate a Ca2+-activated K+ channel in cultured kidney cells: S.E. Guggino, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 249, F448 (1985) Abstract
Use of forskolin to study the relationship between cyclic AMP formation and bone resorption in vitro: U.H. Lerner, et al.; Biochem J. 240, 529 (1986) Abstract
Forskolin: a specific stimulator of adenylyl cyclase or a diterpene with multiple sites of action?: A. Laurenza, et al.; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 442 (1989), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on cytosolic Ca++ level and contraction in vascular smooth muscle: A. Abe & H. Karaki; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249, 895 (1989) Abstract
Forskolin acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: M.L. Aylwin & M.M. White; Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 908 (1992) Abstract
The effect of forskolin on blood flow, platelet metabolism, aggregation and ATP release: J.T. Christenson, et al.; Vasa 24, 56 (1995) Abstract
Forskolin as a tool for examining adenylyl cyclase expression, regulation, and G protein signaling: P.A. Insel & R.S. Ostrom; Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 23, 305 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on the expression of claudin-5 in human trophoblast BeWo cells: M. Harada, et al.; Pharmazie 62, 291 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adenylyl Cyclase Activators • Ion Channels & Transporters Other Products • Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products for Neurological Research

ALX-165-003

Revised 17-Sep-07

PACAP (1-27) (human, sheep, rat)
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Adenylyl Cyclase Activators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-165-003-MC05		0.5 mg	220.00 USD
ALX-165-003-M001		1 mg	380.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-NH₂
FORMULA:	C₁₄₂H₂₂₄N₄₀O₃₉S
MW:	3147.7
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 5% acetic acid.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Adenylate cyclase activator. More potent than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

Product Specific Literature References

Isolation of a novel 38 residue-hypothalamic polypeptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells: A. Miyata, et al.; BBRC 164, 567 (1989) Abstract
Isolation and characterization of novel hypothalamic polypeptides homologous with VIP: A. Miyata, et al.; Regul. Pept. 26, 170 (1989)
A novel peptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase: molecular cloning and characterization of the ovine and human cDNAs: C. Kimura, et al.; BBRC 166, 81 (1990) Abstract
Demonstration of specific binding sites for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in rat astrocytes: I. Tatsuno, et al.; BBRC 168, 1027 (1990) Abstract
L.O. Cardell, et al.; Regul. Pept. 36, 379 (1991), (Review) Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP): discovery and current status of research: A. Arimura; Regul. Pept. 37, 287 (1992), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Peptides

ALX-165-025

Revised 21-Dec-05

PACAP (1-38) (human, sheep, rat)
PRODUCT LINE	Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Adenylyl Cyclase Activators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-165-025-MC05		0.5 mg	260.00 USD
ALX-165-025-M001		1 mg	380.00 USD

Product Specification

SEQUENCE:	H-His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Tyr-Lys-Gln-Arg-Val-Lys-Asn-Lys-NH₂
FORMULA:	C₂₀₃H₃₃₁N₆₃O₅₃S
MW:	4534.3
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Lyophilized
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Adenylate cyclase activator. More potent than vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

Product Specific Literature References

Isolation of a novel 38 residue-hypothalamic polypeptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells: A. Miyata, et al.; BBRC 164, 567 (1989) Abstract
The novel VIP-like hypothalamic polypeptide PACAP interacts with high affinity receptors in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB-OK: A. Cauvin, et al.; Peptides 11, 773 (1990) Abstract
A novel peptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase: molecular cloning and characterization of the ovine and human cDNAs: C. Kimura, et al.; BBRC 166, 81 (1990) Abstract
Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA for the precursor of rat pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP): K. Ogi, et al.; BBRC 173, 1271 (1990) Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) in guinea-pig lung: distribution and dilatory effects: L.O. Cardell, et al.; Regul. Pept. 36, 379 (1991), (Review) Abstract
A. Arimura; Regul. Pept. 37, 287 (1992), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Peptides

ALX-630-003

Revised 18-Mar-08

Pertussis Toxin
SYNONYMS	Islet-Activating Protein PTX Holotoxin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-630-003-C050		50 µg	220.00 USD

Product Specification

CAS NUMBER:	70323-44-3
RTECS:	XW5883750
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Bordetella pertussis.
CONCENTRATION:	0.1mg/ml after reconsitution. Determined by a modification of the method of Bradford using BSA as the standard.
PURITY:	Migrates as 5 distinct bands (S1 subunit: A Protomer (Prod. No. ALX-630-080); S2-S5 subunits: B Protomer (Prod. No. ALX-630-081)).
APPEARANCE:	Lyophilized.
PURITY DETAIL:	Described by Tamura et al., when run on SDS-PAGE prepared according to a modification of the method of Laemmli.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with 500µl distilled water to get a solution in 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.05M NaCl. The resulting suspension should be made uniform by gentle mixing prior to use. Do not sterile filter, as this will result in loss of material. For long term storage, reconstitute in a buffer of higher ionic strength, i.e. sterile 0.1M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, containing 0.5M NaCl.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Do not freeze. Aseptically packed, sealed under vacuum.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Major protein toxin produced by virulent strains of Bordetella pertussis. The purified protein consists of five dissimilar subunits: S-1 (MW 28kDa), S-2 (MW 23kDa), S-3 (MW 22kDa), S-4 (MW 11.7kDa) and S-5 (MW 9.3kDa), in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. S-1 (A protomer) is responsible for the enzymatic activity of the toxin. Together, S-2, S-3, S-4 and S-5 comprise the B oligomer, responsible for binding the toxin to the cell surface.

Product Specific Literature References

Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model: M. Tamura, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 5516 (1982) Abstract
Induction of a novel morphological response in Chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin: E.L. Hewlett, et al.; Infect. Immun. 40, 1198 (1983) Abstract
Structure-activity analysis of the activation of pertussis toxin: H.R. Kaslow, et al.; Biochemistry 26, 123 (1987) Abstract
Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation: H. R. Kaslow & D. L. Burns; FASEB J. 6, 2684 (1992), (Review) Abstract
A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit: C. Locht & R. Antoine; Biochimie 77, 333 (1995) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

CHO Cell Assay: When examined in a CHO cell assay as described by Hewlett et al., the lowest concentration of toxin at which a positive response (clustered growth pattern) was obtained was XXng/ml.
Adenylate Cyclase Assay: The adenylate cyclase activity of this lot is XXpmol/min/µg in the presence of 1µM calmodulin when assayed by the method of Wolff et al.
Please note: Product is not activated. If used with an intact cell system, the cells will activate the toxin. If used in a cell-free system activation may be achieved by the methods, of Kaslow et al.

General Literature References

Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4: U.K. Laemmli; Nature 227, 680 (1970) Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding: M.M. Bradford; Anal. Biochem. 72, 248 (1976) Abstract
Calmodulin activates prokaryotic adenylate cyclase: J. Wolff, et al.; PNAS 77, 3841 (1980) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adenylyl Cyclase Activators • ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products

ALX-630-080

Revised 01-Nov-07

Pertussis Toxin A Protomer
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-630-080-C010		10 µg	250.00 USD

Product Specification

MW:	28kDa
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Bordetella pertussis.
PURITY DETAIL:	One major band by SDS-PAGE; <1% holotoxin by CHO cell assay.
FORMULATION:	Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with 500µl distilled water to 10µg of protein in 10mM TRIS, pH 8.0, containing 0.1mM Na₂ETDA and 0.03% CHAPS.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

The A protomer (S-1) of pertussis toxin possesses both NAD⁺glycohydrolase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities, but is unable to penetrate cells in the absence of B oligomer. It is, however, as effective as native pertussis toxin in catalyzing ADP-ribosylation in broken cell preparations.

Product Specific Literature References

Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model: M. Tamura, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 5516 (1982) Abstract
Activation by thiol of the latent NAD glycohydrolase and ADP- ribosyltransferase activities of Bordetella pertussis toxin (islet- activating protein): J. Moss et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11879 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
ADP-ribosylation of G proteins with pertussis toxin: G.S. Kopf & M.J. Woolkalis; Meth. Enzymol. 195, 257 (1991) Abstract
Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation: H. R. Kaslow & D. L. Burns; FASEB J. 6, 2684 (1992), (Review) Abstract
A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit: C. Locht and R. Antoine; Biochimie 77, 333 (1995), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adenylyl Cyclase Activators • ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products

ALX-630-081

Revised 14-Apr-08

Pertussis Toxin B Oligomer
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-630-081-C040		40 µg	340.00 USD

Product Specification

SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Bordetella pertussis.
PURITY:	Four distinct bands on 12% SDS-PAGE/urea gel. <1% holotoxin by CHO cell assay
APPEARANCE:	Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION:	Reconstitute with sterile distilled water.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:	195ng/ml (lowest concentration) of this preparation cause hemagglutination of fresh goose red blood cells when assayed in HA Assay according to a modification of the method of Sato et al. [2].
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Do not freeze. Do not sterile filter, as this will result in loss of material. Mix suspension gently prior to use.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Increases cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels and stimulates platelet aggregation. Activates phospholipase C (PLC). The B oligomer is a subunit of pertussis toxin responsible for binding of the holotoxin to eukaryotic cell surfaces, facilitating entry of the A promoter into receptive cells. Lacks intrinsic ADP-ribosyltransferase activity but still induces several responses in sensitive cells, e.g. human T cell mitogenesis, human platelet aggregation and insulin-like action in rat adipocytes.

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model: M. Tamura, et al.; Biochemistry 21, 5516 (1982) Abstract
[2] Separation and purification of the hemagglutinins from Bordetella pertussis: Y. Sato, et al.; Infect. Immun. 41, 313 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
[3] A role of the B-oligomer moiety of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in development of the biological effects on intact cells: M. Tamura, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6756 (1983) Abstract; Full Text
[4] Pertussis toxin can activate human platelets. Comparative effects of holotoxin and its ADP-ribosylating S1 subunit: H.S. Banga, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14871 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
[5] Human T lymphocyte mitogenesis in response to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin is associated with an early elevation in cytosolic calcium concentrations: C.F. Strnad & R.A. Carchman; FEBS Lett. 225, 16 (1987) Abstract
[6] Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation: H. R. Kaslow & D. L. Burns; FASEB J. 6, 2684 (1992), (Review) Abstract
[7] A proposed mechanism of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by the pertussis toxin S1 subunit: C. Locht & R. Antoine; Biochimie 77, 333 (1995), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ADP Ribosylation Factor [ARF] / Related Products • Adenylyl Cyclase Activators

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