ALEXIS Biochemicals: Honokiol

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ALX-106-028

Revised 03-Apr-08

D-Cycloserine
SYNONYMS	R(+)-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-106-028-M050		50 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-106-028-M250		250 mg	80.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃H₆N₂O₂
MW:	102.1
CAS NUMBER:	68-41-7
RTECS:	NY2975000
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
PURITY:	≥97%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic.

Product Description

Excitatory amino acid. Partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor.

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Excitatory Amino Acids • Special Amino Acids • NMDA Receptors / Related Products

ALX-106-037

Revised 09-Oct-07

L-Cycloserine
SYNONYMS	S(-)-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-106-037-M025		25 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-106-037-M100		100 mg	150.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃H₆N₂O₂
MW:	102.1
CAS NUMBER:	339-72-0; 4834-58-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2751
RTECS:	NY2976000
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Hygroscopic.

Product Description

Excitatory amino acid. Inhibitor of ketosphinganine synthase (serine-palmitoyl-CoA transferase, EC 2.3.1.50), leading to blockade of sphingosine biosynthesis. Partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis by cycloserine in vitro and in vivo: K.S. Sundaram & M. Lev; J. Neurochem. 42, 577 (1984) Abstract
Inhibition of serine palmitoyltransferase activity in rabbit aorta by L-cycloserine: R.D. Williams, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 28, 1478 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
D-cycloserine acts as a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes: G.B. Watson, et al.; Brain Res. 510, 158 (1990) Abstract
D-cycloserine, a putative cognitive enhancer, facilitates activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-ionophore complex in Alzheimer brain: I.P. Chessell, et al.; Brain Res. 565, 345 (1991) Abstract
Rapid kidney changes resulting from glycosphingolipid depletion by treatment with a glucosyltransferase inhibitor: G.S. Shukla, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1083, 101 (1991) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Special Amino Acids • Excitatory Amino Acids • NMDA Receptors / Related Products

ALX-350-001

Revised 05-Apr-08

Forskolin
SYNONYMS	Colforsin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M005		5 mg	52.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M010		10 mg	85.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M025		25 mg	185.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M050		50 mg	325.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₃₄O₇
MW:	410.5
CAS NUMBER:	66575-29-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2476
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Coleus forskohlii.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to green crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethyl acetate (10mg/ml), anhydrous DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (6mg/ml). DMSO is the recommended solvent for activation of cAMP.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 4 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Description

Activates adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Widely used tool for the investigation of the role of cAMP as a second messenger with a broad range of potential therapeutic applications. Inotropic agent and vasodilator. Induces platelet aggregation. Inhibits ion channels by a mechanism that does not involve cAMP. Non-competitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Product Specific Literature References

Forskolin: a unique diterpene activator of cyclic AMP-generating systems: K.B. Seamon & J.W. Daly; J. Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 7, 201 (1981), Review Abstract
Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, increases CA2+-dependent electrical activity induced by glucose in mouse pancreatic B cells: J.C. Henquin, et al.; Endocrinology 112, 2218 (1983) Abstract
Pharmacology and inotropic potential of forskolin in the human heart: M.R. Bristow, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 74, 212 (1984) Abstract
Forskolin and antidiuretic hormone stimulate a Ca2+-activated K+ channel in cultured kidney cells: S.E. Guggino, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 249, F448 (1985) Abstract
Use of forskolin to study the relationship between cyclic AMP formation and bone resorption in vitro: U.H. Lerner, et al.; Biochem J. 240, 529 (1986) Abstract
Forskolin: a specific stimulator of adenylyl cyclase or a diterpene with multiple sites of action?: A. Laurenza, et al.; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 10, 442 (1989), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on cytosolic Ca++ level and contraction in vascular smooth muscle: A. Abe & H. Karaki; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249, 895 (1989) Abstract
Forskolin acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: M.L. Aylwin & M.M. White; Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 908 (1992) Abstract
The effect of forskolin on blood flow, platelet metabolism, aggregation and ATP release: J.T. Christenson, et al.; Vasa 24, 56 (1995) Abstract
Forskolin as a tool for examining adenylyl cyclase expression, regulation, and G protein signaling: P.A. Insel & R.S. Ostrom; Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 23, 305 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of forskolin on the expression of claudin-5 in human trophoblast BeWo cells: M. Harada, et al.; Pharmazie 62, 291 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Adenylyl Cyclase Activators • Ion Channels & Transporters Other Products • Acetylcholine Receptors (Nicotinic) / Related Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

ALX-350-030

Revised 20-Oct-08

Hypericin (native)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-030-M001		1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-350-030-M005		5 mg	200.00 USD
ALX-350-030-M010		10 mg	370.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₀H₁₆O₈
MW:	504.4
CAS NUMBER:	548-04-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 4863
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Hypericum perforatum.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Black to black-red powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethylmethylketone, pyridine or other organic solvents and bases.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light and oxygen.
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. HARMFUL. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description

Inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC). Shows anti-viral and anti-retroviral activity. Displays antineoplastic and antitumor activities. Inhibits casein kinase II (CKII) and MAP kinase. Bright red fluorescence emission and photostability. Antidepressant.

Product Specific Literature References

Therapeutic agents with dramatic antiretroviral activity and little toxicity at effective doses: aromatic polycyclic diones hypericin and pseudohypericin: D. Meruelo, et al.; PNAS 85, 5230 (1988) Abstract
Hypericin and pseudohypericin specifically inhibit protein kinase C: possible relation to their antiretroviral activity: I. Takahashi, et al.; BBRC 165, 1207 (1989) Abstract
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of anthraquinones, anthrones and anthraquinone derivatives against human cytomegalovirus: D.L. Barnard, et al.; Antiviral Res. 17, 63 (1992) Abstract
Photosensitized inhibition of growth factor-regulated protein kinases by hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 1615 (1995) Abstract
Growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by hypericin, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C: W. Zhang, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 31 (1995) Abstract
Hypericin-induced photosensitization of HeLa cells leads to apoptosis or necrosis. Involvement of cytochrome c and procaspase-3 activation in the mechanism of apoptosis: A. Vantieghem, et al.; FEBS Lett. 440, 19 (1998) Abstract
The activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways protects HeLa cells from apoptosis following photodynamic therapy with hypericin: Z. Assefa, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8788 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Over-expression of Bcl-2 does not protect cells from hypericin photo- induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, but delays subsequent events in the apoptotic pathway: R. Chaloupka, et al.; FEBS Lett. 462, 295 (1999) Abstract
Hypericin induces both differentiation and apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells: K.T. Lee, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1271 (1999) Abstract
Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways induced by photodynamic therapy with hypericin: P. Agostinis, et al.; Adv. Enzyme Regul. 40, 157 (2000) Abstract
Hypericin--a new antiviral and antitumor photosensitizer: mechanism of action and interaction with biological macromolecules: P. Miskovsky; Curr. Drug Targets 3, 55 (2002), (Review) Abstract
Hypericin--the facts about a controversial agent: A. Kubin, et al.; Curr. Pharm. Des. 11, 233 (2005), (Review) Abstract
Cellular mechanisms and prospective applications of hypericin in photodynamic therapy: T. Kiesslich, et al.; Curr. Med. Chem. 13, 2189 (2006), (Review) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Casein Kinase Inhibitors • MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • PKC Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents

ALX-350-052

Revised 17-Nov-08

Dihydrocapsaicin
SYNONYMS	8-Methyl-N-vanillylnonanamide
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Neurotoxins

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-052-M010		10 mg	28.00 USD
ALX-350-052-M050		50 mg	70.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₈H₂₉NO₃
MW:	307.4
CAS NUMBER:	19408-84-5
RTECS:	RA5998000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Capsicum fruit.
PURITY:	≥85%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in chloroform, DMSO or 100% ethanol; sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	IRRITANT. POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description

Dihydro-analog and congener of capsaicin (Prod. No. ALX-550-066) in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin it is irritant. Dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 22% of the total capsaicinoids mixture and has about the same pungency as capsaicin. Antioxidant. Reduces oxidation of serum lipids. Mutagenic.

Product Specific Literature References

The mutagenicity of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in V79 cells: T. Lawson & P. Gannett; Cancer Lett. 48, 109 (1989) Abstract
Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep: R. Ramirez-Romero, et al.; Regul. Pept. 91, 97 (2000) Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the presence of Cu(II): S. Singh, et al.; Cancer Lett. 169, 139 (2001) Abstract
Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum fruits by liquid chromatography-electrospray/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A. Garces-Claver, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 9303 (2006) Abstract
Effects of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of human serum lipids: K.D. Ahuja, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 6436 (2006) Abstract

General Literature References

Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin,induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner: S.H. Oh, et al.; Autophagy 4, 1009 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Autophagy Other Products • Alkaloids

ALX-350-074

Revised 15-Nov-07

Resiniferonol 9,13,14-ortho-phenylacetate
SYNONYMS	ROPA
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-074-M005		5 mg	150.00 USD
ALX-350-074-M100		100 mg	1'800.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₈H₃₂O₆
MW:	464.6
CAS NUMBER:	57852-42-3
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to light yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	HIGHLY IRRITANT.

Product Description

20-Deacylated derivative of resiniferatoxin (Prod. No. ALX-550-179) and tinyatoxin. Not active as a capsaicin analog. Binds with high potency to protein kinase C (PKC), activating the enzyme. Useful as starting material for synthesis of resiniferatoxin analogs.

Product Specific Literature References

Cell cycle- and protein kinase C-specific effects of resiniferatoxin and resiniferonol 9,13,14-ortho-phenylacetate in intestinal epithelial cells: M.R. Frey, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1873 (2004) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PKC Activators • Resiniferatoxin-type Phorboid Vanilloids • TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • Chemical Synthesis - Reagents & Intermediates

ALX-350-092

Revised 03-Apr-08

Emetine . dihydrochloride
SYNONYMS	6’,7’,10,11-Tetramethoxyemetan . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - DNA Replication Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-092-M050		50 mg	10.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₄ . 2HCl
MW:	480.7 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER:	316-42-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 3559
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light. Hygroscopic.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Irreversibly blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting the movement of ribosome along the mRNA. Induces hypotension by blocking adrenoreceptors. Inhibits DNA replication in the early S phase. Inhibits HIF-1 activation by hypoxia. Induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. Antiamebic.

Product Specific Literature References

Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. V. Effects of emetine on protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis in HeLa cells: A.P. Grollman; J. Biol. Chem. 243, 4089 (1968) Abstract
Cytometric analysis of DNA replication inhibited by emetine and cyclosporin A:: A: T. Schweighoffer, et al.; Histochemistry 96, 93 (1991) Abstract
Emetine allows identification of origins of mammalian DNA replication by imbalanced DNA synthesis, not through conservative nucleosome segregation: W.C. Burhans, et al.; EMBO J. 10, 4351 (1991) Abstract
Role of newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in antigen-specific antigen presentation by B cells: T. Kokuho, et al.; Immunobiology 193, 42 (1995) Abstract
Terpenoid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids emetine, klugine, and isocephaeline inhibit the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in breast tumor cells: Y.D. Zhou, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 68, 947 (2005) Abstract
The alkaloid emetine as a promising agent for the induction and enhancement of drug-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells: M. Moller, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 18, 737 (2007) Abstract
Characteristics of apoptosis induction by the alkaloid emetine in human tumour cell lines: M. Moller & M. Wink; Planta Med. 73, 1389 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Other Toxins • Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Translation Inhibitors • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Other Anti-infective Agents • Parasitic Diseases Other Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Alkaloids • DNA Replication Inhibitors • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors

ALX-350-097

Revised 16-Jun-08

Hyperforin . dicyclohexylammonium salt (high purity)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products for Neurological Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-097-C500		500 µg	130.00 USD
ALX-350-097-M001		1 mg	210.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₅H₅₁O₄ . C₁₂H₂₄N
MW:	535.8 . 182.3
CAS NUMBER:	11079-53-1 (non-salt form)
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum).
PURITY:	≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
PURITY DETAIL:	Contains <3% adhyperforin.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, methanol or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Keep under inert gas. Protect from light.

Product Description

Major constituent of St. John’s wort, a herbal remedy widely used for the treatment of depression. Inhibits the reuptake of neurotransmitters in synapses. Activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which serves as a key regulator of CYP3A4 transcription, a member of the cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzyme system. Specifically activates TRPC6 channels. Represents an interesting lead-structure for a new class of antidepressants. Displays several other biological properties of potential pharmacological interest, including antibacterial, anti-inflammational, antitumoral and anti-angiogenic effects. Induces apoptosis in various cancer cells.

Product Specific Literature References

Hyperforin as a possible antidepressant component of hypericum extracts: S.S. Chatterjee, et al.; Life Sci. 63, 499 (1998) Abstract
Hyperforin attenuates various ionic conductance mechanisms in the isolated hippocampal neurons of rat: S. Chatterjee, et al.; Life Sci. 65, 2395 (1999) Abstract
Antibacterial activity of hyperforin from St John's wort, against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria: C.M. Schempp, et al.; Lancet 353, 2129 (1999) Abstract
Hyperforin, a major antidepressant constituent of St. John's Wort, inhibits serotonin uptake by elevating free intracellular Na+1: A. Singer, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 290, 1363 (1999) Abstract
St. John's wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor: L.B. Moore, et al.; PNAS 97, 7500 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's Wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression: R.S. Obach; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 294, 88 (2000) Abstract
St John's wort, a herbal antidepressant, activates the steroid X receptor: J.M. Wentworth, et al.; J. Endocrinol. 166, R11 (2000) Abstract
St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties: J. Barnes, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 53, 583 (2001), (Review) Abstract
St John's wort: Prozac from the plant kingdom: G. Di Carlo, et al.; TIPS 22, 292 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Effect of St. John's wort on free radical production: E.J. Hunt, et al.; Life Sci. 69, 181 (2001) Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (St John's Wort): a non-selective reuptake inhibitor? A review of the recent advances in its pharmacology: P.J. Nathan; J. Psychopharmacol. 15, 47 (2001), (Review) Abstract
Aristoforin, a novel stable derivative of hyperforin, is a potent anticancer agent: M. Gartner, et al.; Chembiochem 6, 171 (2005) Abstract
Hyperforin, a new lead compound against the progression of cancer and leukemia?: C. Quiney, et al.; Leukemia 20, 1519 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Hyperforin a key constituent of St. John’s wort specifically activates TRPC6 channels: K. Leuner, et al.; FASEB J. 21, 4101 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product: