ALEXIS Biochemicals: 12-epi-Scalaradial

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ALX-270-047

Revised 26-Sep-07

Aristolochic acid
SYNONYMS	8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M025		25 mg	25.00 USD
ALX-270-047-M100		100 mg	90.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₁₁NO₇
MW:	341.3
CAS NUMBER:	313-67-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 786
RTECS:	CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY:	≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE:	Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description

Phospholipase A₂(PLA₂) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA₂activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.

Product Specific Literature References

Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Alkaloids • Other Toxins

ALX-270-063

Revised 03-Apr-08

Cantharidin
SYNONYMS	Hexahydro-3a,7a-dimethyl-4,7-epoxyisobenzo-furan-1,3-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-063-M025		25 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-270-063-M100		100 mg	160.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₀H₁₂O₄
MW:	196.2
CAS NUMBER:	56-25-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1752
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in acetone, DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Potent protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor. At higher concentrations, also inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1).

Product Specific Literature References

Partial characterization of specific cantharidin binding sites in mouse tissues: M.J. Graziano, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 33, 706 (1988) Abstract
Cantharidin-binding protein: identification as protein phosphatase 2A: Y.-M. Li and J.E. Casida; PNAS 89, 11867 (1992) Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A and its [3H]cantharidin/[3H]endothall thioanhydride binding site. Inhibitor specificity of cantharidin and ATP analogues: Y.-M. Li, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 1435 (1993) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

PP2A/Related Products

ALX-270-109

Revised 14-Apr-08

Ophiobolin A
SYNONYMS	Cochliobolin A Ophiobalin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-109-MC01		0.1 mg	50.00 USD
ALX-270-109-M001		1 mg	220.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₅H₃₆O₄
MW:	400.6
CAS NUMBER:	4611-05-6
RTECS:	RL1576000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Cell permeable antagonist of calmodulin. Inhibits Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. Inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Exhibits antibacterial, antitumor and nematocidal activities. Phytotoxic.

Product Specific Literature References

The structure of ophiobolin, a C25 terpenoid having a novel skeleton: S. Nozoe, et al.; JACS 87, 4968 (1965) Abstract
The constitution of cochliobolin: L. Canonica, et al.; THL 7, 1211 (1966)
Ophiobolin A. A natural product inhibitor of calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2742 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Role of Calmodulin Inhibition in the Mode of Action of Ophiobolin A: P.C. Leung, et al.; Plant Physiol. 77, 303 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the interaction of ophiobolin A and calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. 20, 1351 (1988) Abstract
Microbial metabolites of ophiobolin A and antimicrobial evaluation of ophiobolins: E. Li, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 58, 74 (1995) Abstract
The biology of ophiobolins: T.K. Au, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 733 (2000), Review Abstract
Calmodulin and lipid binding to synaptobrevin regulates calcium-dependent exocytosis: S. Quetglas, et al.; EMBO J. 21, 3970 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Herbicidal potential of ophiobolins produced by Drechslera gigantea: A. Evidente, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1779 (2006) Abstract
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by terpenoids contained in herbal medicines and natural products: N. Yoshida, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 2033 (2006) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Calmodulin Inhibitors • Phosphodiesterases/Related Products • P-glycoprotein [Pgp]/Related Products • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Other Toxins

ALX-270-110

Revised 20-Jun-08

Papaverine . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	1-[(3',4'-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline . HCl
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-110-G005		5 g	22.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₀H₂₁NO₄ . HCl
MW:	339.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	61-25-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7019
RTECS:	NW8575000
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Originally isolated from opium. Alkaloid with smooth muscle relaxing activity. Inhibits phosphodiesterases.

Product Specific Literature References

Papaverine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity in various mammalian tissues: G. Poch & W.R. Kukovetz; Life Sci. I 10, 133 (1971) Abstract
Effects of papaverine on smooth muscle and their mechanisms: M. Ferrari; Pharmacol. res. Commun. 6, 97 (1974) Abstract
The effect of papaverine on ion channels in rat basilar smooth muscle cells: D. Han, et al.; Neurol. Res. 29, 544 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Phosphodiesterases/Related Products • Alkaloids

ALX-270-112

Revised 16-Jun-08

Pentoxifylline
SYNONYMS	Trental 3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-112-G001		1 g	15.00 USD
ALX-270-112-G005		5 g	35.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₃H₁₈N₄O₃
MW:	278.3
CAS NUMBER:	6493-05-6
MERCK INDEX:	14: 7136
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY:	≥99%
APPEARANCE:	White solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C

Product Description

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Blocks the synthesis of TNF-α. Improves blood flow by decreasing blood viscosity.

Product Specific Literature References

Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality: P. Noel, et al.; Life Sci. 47, 1023 (1990) Abstract
Pentoxifylline inhibits the expression of tissue factor mRNA in endotoxin-activated human monocytes: V. Ollivier, et al.; FEBS Lett. 322, 231 (1993) Abstract
Pentoxifylline: C.P. Samlaska & E.A. Winfield; J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30, 603 (1994), Review Abstract
Suppression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by pentoxifylline and its mechanism: K. Prasad & P. Lee; Atherosclerosis 192, 313 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Phosphodiesterases/Related Products • TNF-alpha & TNF Receptors Other Products • Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products

ALX-270-157

Revised 03-Apr-08

Australine . hydrochloride
SYNONYMS	(1R,2R,3R,7S,7aR)-3-Hydroxymethyl-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine . HCI
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-157-M001		1 mg	180.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₈H₁₅NO₄. HCl
MW:	189.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	186766-07-4
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Castanospermum australe seeds.
PURITY:	≥95%
APPEARANCE:	Crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water, methanol and 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
HAZARD:	HARMFUL.

Product Description

Alkaloid. Inhibitor of α-glucosidase, amyloglucosidase and glucosidase I. Does not inhibit glucosidase II, and is reported to be the first glucosidase inhibitor which differentiates glucosidase I from glucosidase II. Does not inhibit α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and β-mannosidase.

Product Specific Literature References

Australine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid that inhibits amyloglucosidase and glycoprotein processing: J.E. Tropea, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 2027 (1989) Abstract
Calystegins, a novel class of alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors: R.J. Molyneux, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 304, 81 (1993) Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of the glycosidase inhibitor australine through a one-pot, double-cyclization strategy: C. Ribes, et al.; Org. Lett. 9, 77 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Alkaloids • Glycosidases/Related Products

ALX-270-160

Revised 27-Sep-07

Castanospermine
SYNONYMS	(1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR)-1,6,7,8-Tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-270-160-M010		10 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-270-160-M050		50 mg	180.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₈H₁₅NO₄
MW:	189.2
CAS NUMBER:	79831-76-8
MERCK INDEX:	14: 1896
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Castanospermum australe seeds.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HANDLING:	Protect from moisture.

Product Description

Plant alkaloid. Potent inhibitor of α- and β-glucosidase activity in fibroblast extracts; inhibits the glycoprotein processing cycle. Exhibits antiviral properties. Prevents angiogenesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Castanospermine inhibits the processing of the oligosaccharide portion of the influenza viral hemagglutinin: Y.T. Pan, et al.; Biochemistry 22, 3975 (1983) Abstract
Glycoproteins: their structure, biosynthesis and possible clinical implications: H. Schachter; Clin. Biochem. 17, 3 (1984) Abstract
The effects of processing inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharides on the intracellular migration of glycoprotein E2 of mouse hepatitis virus and the maturation of coronavirus particles: R. Repp, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15873 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Effects of the anti-inflammatory compounds castanospermine, mannose-6- phosphate and fucoidan on allograft rejection and elicited peritoneal exudates: M.R. Bartlett, et al.; Immunol. Cell Biol. 72, 367 (1994) Abstract
Antiviral activity and metabolism of the castanospermine derivative MDL 28,574, in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2: S.P. Ahmed, et al.; BBRC 208, 267 (1995) Abstract
The alpha-glucosidase I inhibitor castanospermine alters endothelial cell glycosylation, prevents angiogenesis, and inhibits tumor growth: R. Pili, et al.; Cancer Res. 55, 2920 (1995) Abstract
Perturbation of free oligosaccharide trafficking in endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase I-deficient and castanospermine-treated cells: C. Durrant & S.E. Moore; Biochem. J. 365, 239 (2002) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

ALX-307-001

Revised 18-Feb-08

L-Quebrachitol
SYNONYMS	1L-2-O-Methyl-chiro-inositol
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-307-001-G001		1 g	40.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₇H₁₄O₆
MW:	194.2
CAS NUMBER:	642-38-6
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from rubber tree.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Product Description

Key starting material for the synthesis of optically active inositol phosphates.

Product Specific Literature References

Synthesis of 1D-3-deoxy-, 1D-2,3-dideoxy-, and 1D-2,3,6-trideoxy-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from quebrachitol, their binding affinities, and calcium release activity: A.P. Kozikowski, et al.; JACS 115, 4429 (1993)
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the D-3-Deoxy-3-fluoro and D-3-Chloro-3-deoxy Analogs of Phosphatidylinositol: A.P. Kozikowski, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 59, 963 (1994)
Quebrachitol: A Versatile Building Block in the Construction of Naturally
Occurring Bioactive Materials: J.J. Kiddle; Chem. Rev. 95, 2189 (1995), (Review) Abstract
A versatile approach to PI(3,4)P2, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 from L-(-)-quebrachitol: L. Qiao, et al.; Org. Lett. 2, 115 (2000) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Chiral Compounds (Organic) • Chemical Synthesis - Reagents & Intermediates • Inositols & Inositolphosphates/Related Products

ALX-350-001

Revised 05-Apr-08

Forskolin
SYNONYMS	Colforsin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M001		1 mg	20.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M005		5 mg	52.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M010		10 mg	85.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M025		25 mg	185.00 USD
ALX-350-001-M050		50 mg	325.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₂H₃₄O₇
MW:	410.5
CAS NUMBER:	66575-29-9
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2476
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Coleus forskohlii.
PURITY:	≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to green crystals.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in ethyl acetate (10mg/ml), anhydrous DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (6mg/ml). DMSO is the recommended solvent for activation of cAMP.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+20°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 4 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Description

Activates adenylate cyclase leading to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Widely used tool for the investigation of the role of cAMP as a second messenger with a broad range of potential therapeutic applications. Inotropic agent and vasodilator. Induces platelet aggregation. Inhibits ion channels by a mechanism that does not involve cAMP. Non-competitive inhibitor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor