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ALX-380-050 Revised 20-Jun-08
Nigericin . sodium salt
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SYNONYMS Antibiotic K 178
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-380-050-M005   5 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-050-M025   25 mg 200.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C40H67O11 . Na
MW: 724.0 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 28380-24-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6541
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.
PURITY: ≥98%
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (10mg/ml), 100% ethanol or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for 1 month when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description

Acts as an H+, K+, Pb2+ ionophore. Is most commonly an antiporter of H+ and K+. Inhibits the Golgi functions.
Product Specific Literature References
Nigericin, a new crystalline antibiotic from an unidentified streptomyces: R. L. Harned, et al.; Antibiot. Chemother. 1, 594 (1951)
ntracellular processing and transport of influenza-virus envelope proteins in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Effects of the carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin: P.U. Daniels & J.M. Edwardson; Biochem. J. 252, 693 (1988) Abstract
Nigericin-induced Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchange in synaptosomes: effect on [3H]GABA release: R. Rodriguez & M. Sitges; Neurochem. Res. 21, 889 (1996) Abstract
Nigericin inhibits accumulation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein but not steroidogenesis: S.R. King, et al.; Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 166, 147 (2000) Abstract
Nigericin inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: C.Y. Chu, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. 85, 83 (2002) Abstract
The ionophore nigericin transports Pb2+ with high activity and selectivity: a comparison to monensin and ionomycin: S.A. Hamidinia, et al.; Biochemistry 43, 15956 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Inflammasome
 
 
ALX-400-047 Revised 24-Oct-07
Monosodium urate (crystals)
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SYNONYMS MSU (crystals)
Uric Acid (crystals)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Inflammasome
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ALX-400-047-M002   2 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H4N4O3 . Na
MW: 168.1 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 1198-77-2
RTECS: YU7062000
CONCENTRATION: 5mg/ml after reconstitution.
PURITY DETAIL: Not determined. Degradation of the crystals with uricase (which breaks purines down into a very soluble product called allantoin) inhibits its activity.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with PBS.
ACTIVITY: Stimulates the caspase-1 activating NALP3 inflammasome, resulting in the production of active IL-1β and IL-18.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Vortex before use.

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Product Description
Specially crystallized and tested on biological activity.
Product Specific Literature References
Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome: F. Martinon, et al.; Nature 440, 237 (2006) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Activation of THP-1 cells by uric acid:

1. THP-1 cells are cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum
    (FCS), 50μM β-mercaptoethanol, 2mM L-glutamine and penicillin/streptomycin. THP-1 cells are grown
    in suspension to a density of 1.5x106 cells/ml in tissue culture flasks.
2. Treat THP-1 cells for 3 hours with 0.5µM PMA (Prod. No. ALX-445-004) the day before stimulation.
3. Wash cells with PBS and plate them in a 12-well plate at a density of 6x105 cells/well in RPMI medium
    (this increases the phagocytic properties of the cells and induces a constitutive production of proIL-1β).
4. The next day, wash cells with PBS and add 500µl Optimem (Invitrogen).
5. Stimulate the cells for 6 hours by addition of 50-200µg/ml of the suspension of uric acid (vortex the
    suspension just before use).
6. As a positive control, 5mM of ATP or 50µg/ml of LPS from E. coli, Serotype R515 (Re) (TLRgrade™)
    (liquid) (Prod. No. ALX-581-007) are incubated for 6 hours.

Detection of the mature IL-1β in the supernatant of uric acid-activated THP-1 cells:

1. Collect the supernatant of each well (500µl). Add 500µl methanol and 125µl chloroform.
2. Vortex and centrifuge for 5 min. at 13’000 rpm.
3. Remove the upper phase.
4. Add 500µl methanol and centrifuge for 5 min. at 13’000 rpm.
5. Remove the supernatant, dry the pellet for 5 min. at 50°C.
6. Add 60µl of 1x loading buffer and DTT (final concentration of 0.1M).
7. Mix and boil before loading on a 15% SDS-gel and transfer onto nitrocellulose membrane. The mature
    IL-1β is detected using the cleaved IL-1β (Asp116) antibody (Cell Signaling).

--> Note: Detection of IL-1β in the supernatant of uric acid-activated THP-1 cells can also be performed by ELISA.
--> Note: Sonication of MSU improves its biological activity in murine cells.
Related Products
 
 
ALX-420-038 Revised 09-May-07
R-848
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SYNONYMS 4-Amino-2-(ethoxymethyl)-a,a-dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline-1-ethanol
S 28463
Resiquimod
PRODUCT LINE Immunology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Immunomodulators Other Products
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ALX-420-038-M005   5 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-038-M025   25 mg 200.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H22N4O2
MW: 314.4
CAS NUMBER: 144875-48-9
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% methanol or 5% methanol in dichloromethane. Poorly soluble in acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Selective ligand for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in mouse and for TLR7 and TLR8 in human. Potent antitumor and antiviral compound. Stimulates antibody secretion, cytokine production, protection from apoptosis and CD80 upregulation.
Product Specific Literature References
The immune response modifier resiquimod mimics CD40-induced B cell activation: G.A. Bishop, et al.; Cell. Immunol. 208, 9 (2001) Abstract
Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway: H. Hemmi, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 3, 196 (2002) Abstract
Human TLR7 or TLR8 independently confer responsiveness to the antiviral compound R-848: M. Jurk, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 3, 499 (2002) Abstract
Resiquimod: a new immune response modifier with potential as a vaccine adjuvant for Th1 immune responses: J.J. Wu, et al.; Antiviral Res. 64, 79 (2004) Abstract
TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants: comparison of CpG ODN and Resiquimod (R-848): R.D. Weeratna, et al.; Vaccine 23, 5263 (2005) Abstract
Direct stimulation of human T cells via TLR5 and TLR7/8: flagellin and R-848 up-regulate proliferation and IFN-gamma production by memory CD4+ T cells: G. Caron, et al.; J. Immunol. 175, 1551 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Treatment of intravaginal HSV-2 infection in mice: a comparison of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and resiquimod (R-848): M.J. McCluskie, et al.; Antiviral Res. 69, 77 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
CD40 & CD40L [CD154] / Related Products • Inflammasome • TLR Agonists Other Products
 
 
ALX-420-039 Revised 14-Aug-08
Imiquimod
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SYNONYMS 1-(2-Methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine
R-837
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY TLR Agonists Other Products
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ALX-420-039-M100   100 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-039-M250   250 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H16N4
MW: 240.3
CAS NUMBER: 99011-02-6
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (3mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in water (warm to 37°C, vortex); insoluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for up to 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.

Product Description
Topical immune response modifier that inhibits angiogenesis. Up-regulates IL-18 and down-regulates MMP-9 through recognition of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and subsequent activation of MyD88-dependent pathway.
Product Specific Literature References
Imiquimod applied topically: a novel immune response modifier and new class of drug: R.L. Miller, et al.; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 21, 1 (1999) Abstract
Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway: H. Hemmi, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 3, 196 (2002) Abstract
In vivo and in situ modulation of the expression of genes involved in metastasis and angiogenesis in a patient treated with topical imiquimod for melanoma skin metastases: C. Hesling, et al.; Br. J. Dermatol. 150, 761 (2004) Abstract
Imiquimod as an antiangiogenic agent: V.W. Li, et al.; J. Drugs Dermatol. 4, 708 (2005) Abstract
Imiquimod is a strong inhibitor of tumor cell-induced angiogenesis: S. Majewski, et al.; Int. J. Dermatol. 44, 14 (2005) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Stimulation of TLR7 can be achieved with 1-10µg/ml of the compound for 6 to 24 hours.

Related Products:
- ddWater (endotoxin-free) (Prod. No. ALX-505-008)
- PBS (endotoxin-free) (Prod. No. ALX-505-007)
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Angiogenesis Modulators Other Products • MMPs Other Products • Inflammasome
 
 
ALX-480-021 Revised 16-Dec-04
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate . disodium salt
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SYNONYMS ATP . 2Na
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Adenosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-021-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-480-021-G005   5 g 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H14N5O13P3. 2Na
MW: 505.2 . 46.0
CAS NUMBER: 51963-61-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 155
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from moisture. Keep cool and dry.

Further Categories Containing This Product:
Inflammasome
 
 
ALX-201-056 Revised 21-Jul-08
Caspase-1 (active) (human) (recombinant)
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SYNONYMS Interleukin 1β Converting Enzyme (active) (human) (recombinant)
IL-1β Converting Enzyme (active) (human) (recombinant)
ICE (active) (human) (recombinant)
PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caspases
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ALX-201-056-U025   25 U 231.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-201-056-U100   100 U 385.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
EC: 3.4.22.36
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli.
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute to 1U/µl with PBS containing 15% glycerol.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~20’000U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that cleaves 1nmol of the caspase substrate YVAD-pNA (pNA: p-nitroanaline) per hour at 37°C in a reaction solution containing 50mM HEPES, pH 7.2, 50mM sodium chloride, 0.1% CHAPS, 10mM EDTA, 5% glycerol and 10mM DTT.
APPLICATION: Useful in studying enzyme regulation and inhibitors, determining target substrate, screening caspase inhibitors, or as a positive control in caspase assays. We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity.
QUALITY CONTROL: Routinely tested for its ability to cleave the caspase-1 colorimetric substrate Ac-YVAD-pNA (Prod. No. ALX-260-026).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
General Information
Caspase-1 is the prototypical member of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. Caspase-1 exists in cells as an inactive 45kDa pro-enzyme. The pro-enzyme is matured by proteolysis to yield large (20kDa) and small (10kDa) subunits. The active enzyme is a heterotetramer consisting of two large and two small subunits. To date the mechanism of regulation of caspase-1 activation is complex and poorly understood. In THP-1 cells, a large proportion of the caspase-1 is present in the inactive pro-enzyme form.
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P29466: Caspase-1 (human) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000492: Caspase-1 (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Inflammasome • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins • Enzymes
 
 
ALX-201-094 Revised 03-May-06
Caspase-5 (active) (human) (recombinant)
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PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caspases
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ALX-201-094-U025   25 U 203.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-201-094-U100   100 U 371.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
EC: 3.4.22.-
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli.
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE)
FORMULATION: Lyophilized.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute to 1U/µl with PBS containing 15% glycerol.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~5'000U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that cleaves 1nmol of the caspase substrate WEHD-pNA per hour at 37°C in a reaction solution containing 50mM HEPES, pH 7.2, 50mM NaCl, 0.1% CHAPS, 10mM EDTA, 5% glycerol and 10mM DTT.
APPLICATION: In combination with caspase-5 activity assays, the enzyme is useful in screening caspase inhibitors, studying enzyme regulation and kinetics, determining target substrate or as a positive control in caspase-5 activity assays. We recommend using 1 unit per assay for analyzing caspase activity.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P51878: Caspase-5 (human) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000500: Caspase-5 (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Inflammasome • Enzymes • Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins
 
 
ALX-840-602 Revised 24-Nov-05
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to Asc (human)
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SYNONYMS Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to Pycard (human)
PRODUCT LINE Immunology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Positive Controls (Cell Lysates & Extracts)
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ALX-840-602-R100   100 µl 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Whole cell lysate of HEK 293T cells transfected with an expression plasmid for human Asc (aa 1-195) fused at the C-terminus to a FLAG®-tag.
QUANTITY: 100µl corresponding to 2x105 cells.
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 5x sample buffer (312.5mM TRIS, pH 6.8, containing 10% SDS, 6% glycerol, 0.075% bromophenol blue, 10% β-mercaptoethanol and 10mM DTT).
APPLICATION: Positive control in Western blot for PAb to Asc (human) (AL177) (Prod. No. ALX-210-905). Add 13µl sterile water and 2µl DTT (100mM) to 5µl of cell lysate.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
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General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION FLAG is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co.
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by Apotech Corporation.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspase Recruitment Domain [CARD] Proteins / Related Products • Inflammasome
 
 
ALX-840-603 Revised 08-Mar-07
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to NALP1 (human)
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SYNONYMS Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to NACHT-, LRR- and PYD-containing Protein 1 (human)
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to DEFCAP (human)
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to NAC (human)
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to CARD7 (human)
Positive Control (Cell Lysate) for Antibodies to Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein 7 (human)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Inflammasome
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ALX-840-603-R100   100 µl 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Whole cell lysate of HEK 293T cells transfected with an expression plasmid for human NALP1 (aa 1-1429).
QUANTITY: 100µl corresponding to 2 x 106 cells.
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 5x sample buffer (312.5mM TRIS, pH 6.8, containing 10% SDS, 6% glycerol, 0.075% bromophenol blue, 10% β-mercaptoethanol and 10mM DTT).
APPLICATION: Positive control in Western blot for MAb to NALP1 (human) (Nalpy1-4) (Prod. No. ALX-804-803), PAb to NALP1 (human) (AL176) (Prod. No. ALX-210-904), PAb to NALP1 (human) (CT) (Bur 242) (Prod. No. ALX-210-017) and PAb to NALP1 (human) (NT) (Bur 241) (Prod. No. ALX-210-018).
Add 13µl sterile water and 2µl DTT (100mM) to 5µl of cell lysate.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
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General Information
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by Apotech Corporation.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspase Recruitment Domain [CARD] Proteins / Related Products
 
 
ALX-804-530 Revised 14-Aug-07
Monoclonal Antibody to Caspase-1 (mouse) (1H11)
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PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Caspase Antibodies
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ALX-804-530-C100   100 µg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification