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ALX-550-049 Revised 09-Oct-08
(±)-Ibotenic acid
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SYNONYMS (±)α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-isoxazoleacetic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-550-049-M001   1 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-049-M005   5 mg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-049-M025   25 mg 690.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H6N2O4
MW: 158.1
CAS NUMBER: 2552-55-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4877
RTECS: NY2100000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent glutamate receptor agonist. Neurotoxic agent.
Product Specific Literature References
Central actions of ibotenic acid and muscimol: G.A. Johnston, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 17, 2488 (1968) Abstract
Spinal interneurone excitation by conformationally restricted analogues of L-glutamic acid: G.A. Johnston, et al.; Nature 248, 804 (1974) Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transmitters: J.C. Watkins and R.H. Evans; Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21, 165 (1981), (Review) Abstract
Agonists and antagonists for metabotropic glutamate receptors: P.L. Ornstein, et al.; Curr. Pharm. Design 1, 355 (1995), (Review)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NMDA Receptors / Related Products • Excitatory Amino Acids • Glutamate Receptors (Metabotropic) / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-066 Revised 03-Apr-08
(E)-Capsaicin
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SYNONYMS (E)-N-([4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl)-8-methyl-6-nonenamide
trans-8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-066-M100   100 mg 48.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H27NO3
MW: 305.4
CAS NUMBER: 404-86-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1768
RTECS: RA8530000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Capsicum fruit.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or chloroform; sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: POTENT NEUROTOXIN. IRRITANT.

Product Description
Constituent of cayenne pepper. Powerful excitant of peripheral sensory nerve endings, specifically unmyelinated afferent neurons (C-fibers). Elicits pain by activating TRPV1. Chemoprotective against some chemical carcinogens and mutagens. Reversibly inhibits aggregation of platelets.
Product Specific Literature References
Capsaicin: identification, nomenclature, and pharmacotherapy: G.A. Cordell & O.E. Araujo; Ann. Pharmacother. 27, 330 (1993), (Review) Abstract
Capsaicin, a double-edged sword: toxicity, metabolism, and chemopreventive potential: Y. J. Surh & S. S. Lee; Life Sci. 56, 1845 (1995), (Review) Abstract
Topical capsaicin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis: C. Rains & H. M. Bryson; Drugs Aging 7, 317 (1995), (Review) Abstract
Peppers and pain. The promise of capsaicin: B. M. Fusco & M. Giacovazzo; Drugs 53, 909 (1997), (Review) Abstract
Capsaicin sensitive-sensory nerves and blood pressure regulation: P. Vaishnava & D.H. Wang; Curr. Med. Chem. Cardiovasc. Hematol. Agents 1, 177 (2003), (Review) Abstract
Forty years in capsaicin research for sensory pharmacology and physiology: J. Szolcsanyi; Neuropeptides 38, 377 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products for Neurological Research • TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-550-145 Revised 08-Feb-08
Capsazepine
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SYNONYMS N-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-2H-2-benzazepine-2-carbothioamide
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-145-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-145-M025   25 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H21ClN2O2S
MW: 376.9
CAS NUMBER: 138977-28-3
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Analog of capsaicin (Prod. No. ALX-550-066) that acts as a capsaicin antagonist. Increases intracellular Ca2+ levels.
Product Specific Literature References
Capsazepine, a novel capsaicin antagonist, selectively antagonises the effects of capsaicin in the mouse spinal cord in vitro: L. Urban & A. Dray; Neurosci. Lett. 134, 9 (1991) Abstract
Capsazepine: a competitive antagonist of the sensory neurone excitant capsaicin: S. Bevan, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 544 (1992) Abstract
A comparison of capsazepine and ruthenium red as capsaicin antagonists in the rat isolated urinary bladder and vas deferens: C.A. Maggi, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 108, 801 (1993) Abstract
Inhibition by capsazepine of resiniferatoxin- and capsaicin-induced contractions of guinea pig trachea: J.L. Ellis & B.J. Undem; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268, 85 (1994) Abstract
The discovery of capsazepine, the first competitive antagonist of the sensory neuron excitants capsaicin and resiniferatoxin: C.S. Walpole, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 37, 1942 (1994) Abstract
Capsazepine protects against neuronal injury caused by oxygen glucose deprivation by inhibiting I(h): A.M. Ray, et al.; J. Neurosci. 23, 10146 (2003) Abstract
Characterization of the human HCN1 channel and its inhibition by capsazepine: C.H. Gill, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 143, 411 (2004) Abstract
Capsazepine is a novel activator of the delta subunit of the human epithelial Na+ channel: H. Yamamura, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 44483 (2004) Abstract
Effect of capsazepine on cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and proliferation of human prostate cancer cells: J.K. Huang, et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 20, 567 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-152 Revised 20-Sep-07
Domoic acid
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SYNONYMS [2S-[2α,3β,4β(1Z,3E,5R)]]-2-Carboxy-4-(5-carboxy-1-methyl-1,3-hexadienyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-550-152-M001   1 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H21NO6
MW: 311.3
CAS NUMBER: 14277-97-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3417
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries.
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: 8mg/ml soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: HARMFUL. POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description
Glutamate/kainate excitatory amino acid agonist with highest affinity for the kainate receptor of all known kainic acid analogs.
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-activity relations of excitatory amino acids on frog and rat spinal neurones: T.J. Biscoe, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 58, 373 (1976) Abstract
A kainic acid receptor from frog brain purified using domoic acid affinity chromatography: D.R. Hampson & R.J. Wenthold; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2500 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Domoic acid, the alleged "mussel toxin," might produce its neurotoxic effect through kainate receptor activation: an electrophysiological study in the dorsal hippocampus: G. Debonnel, et al.; Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 67, 29 (1989) Abstract
Identification of domoic acid, a neuroexcitatory amino acid, in toxic mussels from eastern Prince Edward Island: P. Wright, et al.; Can. J. Chem. 67, 481 (1989)
Domoic acid: a dementia-inducing excitotoxic food poison with kainic acid receptor specificity: G.R. Stewart, et al.; Exp. Neurol. 110, 127 (1990) Abstract
Pharmacology of systemically administered domoic acid in mice: R.A. Tasker, et al.; Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 69, 378 (1991) Abstract
Transfer constants for blood-brain barrier permeation of the neuroexcitatory shellfish toxin, domoic acid: E. Preston & I. Hynie; Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 18, 39 (1991) Abstract
Interaction of domoic acid and several derivatives with kainic acid and AMPA binding sites in rat brain: D.R. Hampson, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 218, 1 (1992) Abstract
Parenteral domoic acid impairs spatial learning in mice: B.F. Petrie, et al.; Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 41, 211 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for hybrid NMDA/kainate receptors from protein reconstitution studies and expression of vertebrate CNS RNAs in Xenopus oocytes: P.N. Usherwood & E.A. Barnard; Comp. Biochem. Physiol. [C] 103, 19 (1992) Abstract
Domoic acid induced release of [3H]GABA in cultured chick retina cells: M. Alfonso, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 24, 267 (1994) Abstract
Domoic acid inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain membranes: M.S. Nijjar & B. Grimmelt; Mol. Cell. Biochem. 136, 105 (1994) Abstract
The activation of glutamate receptors by kainic acid and domoic acid: D.R. Hampson & J.L. Manalo; Nat. Toxins 6, 153 (1998), Review Abstract
Neurohistochemical biomarkers of the marine neurotoxicant, domoic acid: A.C. Scallet, et al.; Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 27, 745 (2005) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Neurotoxins • Kainate Receptors / Related Products • Excitatory Amino Acids • Marine Natural Products
 
 
ALX-550-179 Revised 11-Apr-08
Resiniferatoxin (high purity)
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SYNONYMS RTX (high purity)
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Neurological Research
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ALX-550-179-M001   1 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-179-M005   5 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-179-M050   50 mg 1'200.00 USD Add To Cart
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Product Specification
FORMULA: C37H40O9
MW: 628.7
CAS NUMBER: 57444-62-9
RTECS: CY1633700
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Euphorbia poisonii.
PURITY: ≥99% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White amorphous solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Ultrapotent capsaicin analog which stimulates protein kinase C (PKC). Potent agonist of TRPV1. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-activity relations of polyfunctional diterpenes of the daphnane type. I. Revised structure for resiniferatoxin and structure-activity relations of resiniferonol and some of its esters: W. Adolf, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 45, 347 (1982) Abstract
On the active principles of the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). V. Extremely skin-irritant and moderately tumor-promoting diterpene esters from Euphorbia resinifera Berg: M. Hergenhahn, et al.; J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 108, 98 (1984) Abstract
Resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper: A. Szallasi & P.M. Blumberg; Neuroscience 30, 515 (1989) Abstract
Sensory neuron-specific actions of capsaicin: mechanisms and applications: S. Bevan & J. Szolcsányi; TIPS 11, 330 (1990) Abstract
Specific binding of resiniferatoxin, an ultrapotent capsaicin analog, by dorsal root ganglion membranes: A. Szallasi & P.M. Blumberg; Brain Res. 524, 106 (1990) Abstract
Resiniferatoxin and its analogs provide novel insights into the pharmacology of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor: A. Szallasi & P.M. Blumberg; Life Sci. 47, 1399 (1990) Abstract
Resiniferatoxin: an ultrapotent selective modulator of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons: J. Szolcsanyi, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 255, 923 (1990) Abstract
Capsazepine: a competitive antagonist of the sensory neurone excitant capsaicin: S. Bevan, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 107, 544 (1992) Abstract
Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory neurons: J.M. Lundberg, et al.; Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 657, 187 (1992) Abstract
Euphorbium: modern research on its active principle, resiniferatoxin, revives an ancient medicine: G. Appendino & A. Szallasi; Life Sci. 60, 681 (1997), (Minireview) Abstract
Conformational studies on resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultrapotent vanilloid agonist: S.F. Victory, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 6, 223 (1998) Abstract
Resiniferatoxin binds to the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) near the extracellular side of the S4 transmembrane domain: M.Z. Chou, et al.; Biochemistry 43, 2501 (2004) Abstract
Cell cycle- and protein kinase C-specific effects of resiniferatoxin and resiniferonol 9,13,14-ortho-phenylacetate in intestinal epithelial cells: M.R. Frey, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1873 (2004) Abstract
Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by resiniferatoxin: M. Raisinghani, et al.; J. Physiol. 567, 771 (2005) Abstract
Memory of pain: the effect of perineural resiniferatoxin: I. Kissin, et al.; Anesth. Analg. 103, 721 (2006) Abstract
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators • PKC Activators • TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Neurotoxins • Resiniferatoxin-type Phorboid Vanilloids
 
 
ALX-550-182 Revised 25-Mar-08
(+)-Tubocurarine . dichloride
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SYNONYMS 7',12'-Dihydroxy-6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2',2'-trimethyltubocuraranium chloride . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-182-M050   50 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C37H42Cl2N2O6
MW: 681.7
CAS NUMBER: 57-94-3
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9807
RTECS: YO4900000
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Induces neuromuscular block through interaction with acetylcholine receptor.
Product Specific Literature References
Curare Alkaloids from Chondodendron tomentosum Ruiz and Pavon: J. D. Dutcher; JACS 68, 419 (1946)
Neuromuscular block: W.C. Bowman; Br J Pharmacol 147 Suppl 1, S277 (2006)
: W.C. Bowman; Br. J. Pharmacol. 147, S277 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ Channels • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-550-239 Revised 01-Dec-05
Nonivamide
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SYNONYMS Nonylic vanillylamide
N-[4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl]nonanamide
N-Vanillylnonamide
Pelargonic acid vanillylamide
Vanillyl pelargonic amide
Pseudocapsaicin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-239-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-550-239-M100   100 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H27NO3
MW: 293.4
CAS NUMBER: 2444-46-4
RTECS: RA5955000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT. POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description
Minor constituent of hot pepper (Capsicum oleoresin).
Product Specific Literature References
The effects of a series of capsaicin analogues on nociception and body temperature in the rat: A.G. Hayes, et al.; Life Sci. 34, 1241 (1984) Abstract
Comparison of nonivamide and capsaicin with regard to their pharmacokinetics and effects on sensory neurons: G. Skofitsch, et al.; Arzneimittel-Forschung 34, 154 (1984) Abstract
Hypotensive and antinociceptive effect of ether-linked and relatively non-pungent analogues of N-nonanoyl vanillylamide: J. Chen, et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 27, 187 (1992)
A possible role of nitric oxide formation in the vasodilatation of rabbit ear artery induced by a topically applied Capsaicin analogue: T. Suzuki, et al.; J. Vet. Med. Sci. 60, 691 (1998) Abstract
The Effect of the Base on the Kinetics of Action of the Capsaicinoid Nonivamide: Evaluation with a Hyperemic Test: M. Stücker, et al.; Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. 12, 289 (1999) Abstract
Nitrated nonivamide displaying a drawback of proton's role in capsaicin- associated sensory and neuronal activities: Y.C. Yang, et al.; Gen. Pharmacol. 33, 257 (1999) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products
 
 
ALX-550-307 Revised 09-Sep-08
Veratridine
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SYNONYMS 3-Veratroylveracevine
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Na+ Channels