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Inflammation
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ALX-430-063 Revised 10-Oct-07
Anthralin
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SYNONYMS Dithranol
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Leukotrienes Other Products
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ALX-430-063-G001   1 g 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C14H10O3
MW: 226.2
CAS NUMBER: 1143-38-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 684
RTECS: CB8927000
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE MUTAGENIC. IRRITANT.

Product Description
Leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. Inhibits LTB4 ω-oxidation.
Product Specific Literature References
Anthralin (1,8-dihydroxyanthrone) is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene production and LTB4-omega oxidation by human neutrophils: J.M. Schröder; J. Invest. Dermatol. 87, 624 (1986) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Cancer Other Products
 
 
ALX-420-035 Revised 03-May-05
Apoptosis Activator 2
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SYNONYMS 1-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione
PRODUCT LINE Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
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ALX-420-035-M005   5 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-035-M025   25 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
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Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H9NO2Cl2
MW: 306.1
CAS NUMBER: 79183-19-0
PURITY: ≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE: Orange to red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Induces apoptosis by promoting the oligomerization of Apaf-1 into the mature, functional apoptosome, triggering caspase-9 activation resulting in activated caspase-3. Shows strong selectivity for cancer cells against normal cell lines. Acts in a similar way like apoptosis inducer PETCM (Prod. No. ALX-420-031).
Product Specific Literature References
Direct activation of the apoptosis machinery as a mechanism to target cancer cells: J.T. Nguyen and J.A. Wells; PNAS 100, 7533 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspases Other Products
 
 
ALX-340-004 Revised 08-Jul-08
Arachidonic acid
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SYNONYMS 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatetraenoic acid
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Arachidonic Acid/Related Products
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ALX-340-004-M100   100 mg 147.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H32O2
MW: 304.5
CAS NUMBER: 506-32-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 765
RTECS: CE6675000
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: 100mg/ml soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; also soluble in basic aqueous buffers. To prevent oxidation, the solvent should be purged with an inert gas.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. Use aqueous solutions within 12 hours.
HANDLING: Protect from light and oxygen.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Precursor to a large family of eicosanoids. Activator for several protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes.
Product Specific Literature References
Arachidonic acid metabolism: P. Needleman, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55, 69 (1986) Abstract
Kinetic analysis of the Ca2+-dependent, membrane-bound, macrophage phospholipase A2 and the effects of arachidonic acid: M.D. Lister, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7506 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the L-arginine:nitric oxide pathway in human platelets: M.W. Radomski, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 101, 325 (1990) Abstract
The LDL receptor pathway delivers arachidonic acid for eicosanoid formation in cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor: A.J.R. Habenicht, et al.; Nature 345, 634 (1990) Abstract
The control of free arachidonic acid levels: R.D. Burgoyne & A. Morgan; TIBS 15, 365 (1990) Abstract
A unique pool of free arachidonate serves as substrate for both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in platelets: F. Chevy, et al.; Lipids 26, 1080 (1991) Abstract
Regulation of Ras-GAP and the neurofibromatosis-1 gene product by eicosanoids: J.W. Han, et al.; Science 252, 576 (1991) Abstract
Arachidonic acid as a second messenger. Interactions with a GTP-binding protein of human neutrophils: S.B. Abramson, et al.; J. Immunol. 147, 231 (1991) Abstract
The immediate activator of the NADPH oxidase is arachidonate not phosphorylation: Henderson, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 211, 157 (1993) Abstract
Nitric oxide and arachidonic acid modulation of calcium currents in postganglionic neurones of avian cultured ciliary ganglia: G. Khurana & M.R. Bennett; Br. J. Pharmacol. 109, 480 (1993) Abstract
Arachidonic acid-induced Ca2+ release from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum: C. Dettbarn & P. Palade; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 1301 (1993) Abstract
Covalent binding of arachidonate to G protein alpha subunits of human platelets: H. Hallak, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 4713 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKC Activators • Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products • Fatty Acids
 
 
ALX-300-141 Revised 07-Jul-08
Arachidonoyl Thio-PC
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SYNONYMS 2-Deoxy-2-thioarachidonoylphosphatidylcholine
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Phospholipids/Related Products
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ALX-300-141-M005   5 mg 189.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C44H82NO6PS
MW: 784.2
CAS NUMBER: 146797-82-2
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol containing 0.1% BHT.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in water (0.5 mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at –20°C.

Product Description
Substrate for all forms of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) including the cytosolic, Ca2+-dependent form (cPLA2). Upon hydrolysis of the thioester bond, free thiols are detected using DTNB (Ellmans reagent) (Prod. No. ALX-400-034). For an assay kit for cPLA2 based on this product see Prod. No. ALX-850-009.
Product Specific Literature References
1-Hexadecyl-2-arachidonoylthio-2-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine as a substrate for the microtiterplate assay of human cytosolic phospholipase A2: L.J. Reynolds, et al.; Anal. Biochem. 217, 25 (1994) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice. Addition of Triton X-100 will enhance the solubility significantly. The critical micellar concentration of Arachidonoyl Thio-PC is 2mM in 8mM Hepes (pH 7.4), 150mM NaCl, 10mM CaCl2, 4mM Triton X-100, 30% glycerol and 1mg/ml BSA.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Substrates
 
 
ALX-340-001 Revised 28-Jul-06
Arachidonyl trifluoromethylketone
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SYNONYMS AACOCF3
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY PLA2 Inhibitors
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ALX-340-001-M005   5 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-340-001-M010   10 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-340-001-M050   50 mg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H31F3O
MW: 356.5
CAS NUMBER: 149301-79-1
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Clear to yellow oil.
SOLUBILITY: 25mg/ml soluble in 100% ethanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Dissolve in solvent purged with nitrogen or argon. Store under nitrogen or argon in tightly sealed container. Solutions are stable for up to 1 month when stored under nitrogen or argon in tightly sealed container at -80°C.
HANDLING: PROTECT FROM AIR!
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Selective inhibitor of both, Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2), but not secretory PLA2 (sPLA2). Also inhibits fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and anandamide amidase.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibitors of arachidonoyl ethanolamide hydrolysis: B. Koutek, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22937 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase [FAAH]/Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-312 Revised 28-May-08
(-)-Arctigenin
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SYNONYMS (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(3H)-furanone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
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ALX-350-312-M025   25 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H24O6
MW: 372.4
CAS NUMBER: 7770-78-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Arctium lappa.
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (34mg/ml, heating, sonication); sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Lignan derivative, which shows antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. Down-regulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Potent inhibitor of HIV type-I integrase and DNA topoisomerase II. Shows phytoestrogenic and cytotoxic properties against Hep62 cells.  Antagonist for platelet activating factor and Ca2+. Blocks the activation of Akt (protein kinase B; PKB) induced by glucose starvation.
Product Specific Literature References
Antiproliferative effect of Arctigenin and Arctiin: S.Y. Ryu, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 18, 462 (1995)
(-)-Arctigenin as a lead structure for inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase: E. Eich, et al.; J. Med. Chem 39, 86 (1996) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effect of arctigenin, a lignan compound, on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production, and lymphocyte proliferation: J.Y. Cho, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 51, 1267 (1999) Abstract
Arctigenin protects cultured cortical neurons from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration by binding to kainate receptor: Y.P. Jang, et al.; J. Neurosci. Res. 68, 233 (2002) 68, 233 (2002) Abstract
A phytochemical study of lignans in whole plants and cell suspension cultures of Anthriscus sylvestris: A. Koulman, et al.; Planta Med. 69, 733 (2003) Abstract
Naturally occurring lignans efficiently induce apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells: B. Hausott, et al.; J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 129, 569 (2003) Abstract
Arctigenin, a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, inhibits MAP kinases and AP-1 activation via potent MKK inhibition: the role in TNF-alpha inhibition: M.K. Cho, et al.; Int. Immunopharmacol. 4, 1419 (2004) Abstract
Arctigenin, a phenylpropanoid dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, inhibits MAP kinases and AP-1 activation via potent MKK inhibition: the role in TNF-alpha inhibition: M.K. Cho, et al.; Int. Immunopharmacol. 4, 1419 (2004) Abstract
Identification of arctigenin as an antitumor agent having the ability to eliminate the tolerance of cancer cells to nutrient starvation: S. Awale, et al.; Cancer Res. 66, 1751 (2006) Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of Saussurea salicifolia through induction of apoptosis and phase II detoxification enzyme: K. Kang, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 2352 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Bcl-2 Family Modulators • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Platelet Activating Factors [PAF] & Receptors/Related Products • Natural Products - Immunomodulators • Natural Products - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • HIV/AIDS/Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-318 Revised 17-Jun-08
(-)-Arctiin
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SYNONYMS (3R,4R)-4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[[4-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
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ALX-350-318-M025   25 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H34O11
MW: 534.6
CAS NUMBER: 20362-31-6
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Arctium lappa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (5mg/ml); sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description

Lignan derivative with antitumor activities. Down-regulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL. Potent inhibitor of HIV type-I integrase and DNA topoisomerase II. Shows phytoestrogenic activity and is an antagonist for platelet activating factor and Ca2+.
Product Specific Literature References
Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes: S. Iwakami, et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 40, 1196 (1992) Abstract
Antiproliferative effect of Arctigenin and Arctiin: S.Y. Ryu, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 18, 462 (1995)
Cytotoxic components of bardanae fructus (goboshi): S. Moritani, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19, 1515 (1996) Abstract
Plant-derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: A.J. Vlietinck, et al.; Planta Med. 64, 97 (1998) Abstract
Anti-tumor-promoting activity of lignans from the aerial part of Saussurea medusa: M. Takasaki, et al.; Cancer Lett. 158, 53 (2000) Abstract
Isolation and identification of arctiin and arctigenin in leaves of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) by polyamide column chromatography in combination with HPLC-ESI/MS: S. Liu, et al.; Phytochem. Anal. 16, 86 (2005) Abstract
Application of preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation and purification of arctiin from Fructus Arctii: X. Wang, et al.; J. Chromatogr. A. 1063, 247 (2005) Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of Saussurea salicifolia through induction of apoptosis and phase II detoxification enzyme: K. Kang, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 2352 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Bcl-2 Family Modulators • Platelet Activating Factors [PAF] & Receptors/Related Products • Natural Products - Immunomodulators • Natural Products - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antiviral/anti-HIV Agents • HIV/AIDS/Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-047 Revised 26-Sep-07
Aristolochic acid
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SYNONYMS 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-047-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H11NO7
MW: 341.3
CAS NUMBER: 313-67-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 786
RTECS: CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY: ≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA2 activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-340-042 Revised 07-Jan-06
Arvanil
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SYNONYMS N-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists & Antagonists/Related Products
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ALX-340-042-M005   5 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H41NO3
MW: 439.6
CAS NUMBER: 128007-31-8
PURITY: ≥98%
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep cool and dry.