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Cyclooxygenases [COX]/Related Products
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ALX-430-096 Revised 24-Feb-05
A77 1726
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SYNONYMS N-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxycrotonamide
2-Cyano-3-hydroxy-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-butenamide
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
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ALX-430-096-M005   5 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-096-M025   25 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C12H9F3N2O2
MW: 270.2
CAS NUMBER: 108605-62-5
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.

Product Description
Physiologically active metabolite of the immunosuppressive drug leflunomide (Prod. No. ALX-430-095). Inhibits the activity of dihydrorotate dehydrogenase and of protein tyrosine kinases. Blocks TNF-mediated NF-κB activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase activity by leflunomide: T. Mattar, et al.; FEBS Lett. 334, 161 (1993) Abstract
Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in T cells by a novel immunosuppressive agent, leflunomide: X. Xu, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12398 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide is a potent inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: J.P. Davis, et al.; Biochemistry 35, 1270 (1996) Abstract
Two activities of the immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726. Inhibition of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and protein tyrosine phosphorylation: X. Xu, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 52, 527 (1996) Abstract
The immunosuppressive metabolite of leflunomide, A77 1726, affects murine T cells through two biochemical mechanisms: R.T. Elder, et al.; J. Immunol. 159, 22 (1997) Abstract
In vivo mechanism by which leflunomide controls lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice: X. Xu, et al.; J. Immunol. 159, 167 (1997) Abstract
Immunosuppressive leflunomide metabolite (A77 1726) blocks TNF-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B activation and gene expression: S.K. Manna & B.B. Aggarwal; J. Immunol. 162, 2095 (1999) Abstract
A771726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, directly inhibits the activity of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in vitro and in vivo in a substrate-sensitive manner: L.C. Hamilton, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 127, 1589 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Immunomodulators Other ProductsCOX InhibitorsNF-kB Pathway Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-430-115 Revised 07-Feb-06
Aspirin
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SYNONYMS Acetylsalicylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [NSAIDS]
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ALX-430-115-G005   5 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H8O4
MW: 180.2
CAS NUMBER: 50-78-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 851
RTECS: VO0700000
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, in dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol. Also soluble in PBS, pH 7.2.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 2 years when stored at room temperature. Stock solutions are stable for at least 6 months when stored at –20°C. Store aqueous solutions of aspirin on ice and use within 30 minutes of preparation. Unstable in basic solutions pH>7.4.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin: E. Kopp & S. Ghosh; Science 265, 956 (1994) Abstract
Neuroprotection by aspirin and sodium salicylate through blockade of NF- kappaB activation: M. Grilli, et al.; Science 274, 1383 (1996) Abstract
The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta: M.J. Yin, et al.; Nature 396, 77 (1998) Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of aspirin: mechanisms of action: A.R. Amin, et al.; Cell Mol. Life Sci. 56, 305 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
COX InhibitorsNF-kB Pathway InhibitorsAntithrombotic Agents/Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-254 Revised 03-Apr-08
Carnosol
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SYNONYMS 1,3,4,9,10,10aS-Hexahydro-5,6-dihydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-7-isopropyl-2H-9S,4aR-(epoxymethano)phenanthren-12-one
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-270-254-M001   1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-254-M005   5 mg 269.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H26O4
MW: 330.4
CAS NUMBER: 5957-80-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers (e. g. PBS).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year when stored at –20°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II) gene expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Antimicrobial. Anticarcinogenic. Inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Product Specific Literature References
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production: M.M. Chan, et al.; Cancer Lett. 96, 23 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Inhibition by rosemary and carnosol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis and in vivo DMBA-DNA adduct formation: K. Singletary, et al.; Cancer Lett. 104, 43 (1996) Abstract
Development of in vitro models for cellular and molecular studies in toxicology and chemoprevention: K. Macé, et al.; Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 20, 227 (1998) Abstract
Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages: A.H. Lo, et al.; Carcinogenesis 23, 983 (2002) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract
 
 
ALX-202-030 Revised 26-May-08
COX-1 (sheep)
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SYNONYMS Cyclooxygenase 1 (sheep)
Prostaglandin H Synthase 1 (sheep)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY COX
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ALX-202-030-UT50   5 KU 259.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~70kDa.
EC: 1.14.99.1
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from sheep seminal vesicles.
CONCENTRATION:

PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 80mM TRIS/HCl, pH 8.0, containing 0.1% Tween 20 and 300µM DDC.
ACTIVITY: ~20'000U/ml.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ≥45,000U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1nmol oxygen per min. at 37°C in 0.1M TRIS/HCl, pH 8.0, containing 100µM arachidonate, 5mM EDTA, 2mM phenol and 1µM hematin.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Enzyme is extremely unstable in the absence of preservative and should be used within 1 hour.
Product Specific Literature References
Prostaglandin H synthase: L.J. Marnett & K.R. Maddipati; 'Peroxidases in Biology, vol 1' (J. Everse, et al. eds.), CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton 293 (1991)
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase: structure and catalysis: W.L. Smith & L.J. Marnett; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1083, 1 (1991) Abstract
Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase: regulation of enzyme expression: D.L. DeWitt; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1083, 121 (1991) Abstract
Mitogen-Inducible Prostaglandin  G/H Synthase: A New Target for Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: W. Xie, et al.; Drug Development Research 25, 249 (1992)
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P05979: COX-1 (sheep) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000738: COX-1 (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural ProteinsEnzymes
 
 
ALX-202-032 Revised 24-Apr-06
COX-2 (sheep)
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SYNONYMS Cyclooxygenase 2 (sheep)
Prostaglandin H Synthase 2 (sheep)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY COX
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ALX-202-032-UT10   1 KU 176.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~72kDa/subunit.
EC: 1.14.99.1
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from sheep placenta.
CONCENTRATION:     
PURITY: ~70%
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 80mM TRIS-HCl, pH 8.0 with 0.1% Tween 20 and 300µM DDC.
ACTIVITY: ~4'000U/ml
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~4'500U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that consumes 1nmol oxygen per min. at 37°C in 0.1M TRIS/HCl, pH 8.0, containing 100µM arachidonate, 5mM EDTA, 2mM phenol and 1µM hematin.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Enzyme is extremely unstable after removal of preservative and should be used within 1 hour.
HANDLING: Keep stock on ice while handling. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at -80°C.
Product Specific Literature References
The catalytic outcomes of the constitutive and the mitogen inducible isoforms of prostaglandin H2 synthase are markedly affected by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase(s): J.H. Capdevila, et al.; Biochemistry 34, 3325 (1995) Abstract
Purification and characterization of prostaglandin H synthase-2 from sheep placental cotyledons: J.L. Johnson, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 324, 26 (1995) Abstract
NS-398, a new anti-inflammatory agent, selectively inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase/cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activity in vitro: N. Futaki, et al.; Prostaglandins 47, 55 (1994) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P79208: COX-2 (sheep) (precursor)
AfCS Signalling Gateway link A000739: COX-2 (mouse)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural ProteinsEnzymes
 
 
ALX-350-028 Revised 21-May-08
Curcumin (high purity)
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SYNONYMS 1,7-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
Diferuloylmethane
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M050   50 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M250   250 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20O6
MW: 368.4
CAS NUMBER: 458-37-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2673
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa).
PURITY: ≥98.5% (Note: This highly purified product does not contain 30-40% bioactive impurities)
APPEARANCE: Orange-yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase. Also inhibits glutathione S-transferase, induction of nitric oxide (NO) in activated macrophages and inhibits EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors. Antioxidant. Inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), disrupting the binding of NQO1 to wild type p53 inducing ubiquitin-independent degradation of p53 and inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis in normal thymocytes and myeloid leukemic cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Modification of certain inflammation-induced biochemical changes by curcumin: R. Srivastava & R.C. Srimal; Indian J. Med. Res. 81, 215 (1985) Abstract
Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones: D.L. Flynn, et al.; Prostagl. Leukotr. Med. 22, 357 (1986) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in A431 cells: L. Korutla & R. Kumar; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1224, 597 (1994) Abstract
Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages: I. Brouet & H. Okshima; BBRC 206, 533 (1995) Abstract
Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin: J.N. Commandeur & N.P. Vermeulen; Xenobiotica 26, 667 (1996) Abstract
Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids: Sreejayan & M.N. Rao; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49, 105 (1997) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice: M.T. Huang, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. (Suppl.) 27, 26 (1997) Abstract
In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties: M.M. Chan, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 55, 1955 (1998) Abstract
Effect of curcumin on the production of nitric oxide by cultured rat mammary gland: M. Onoda & H. Inano; Nitric Oxide 4, 505 (2000) Abstract
Suppression of nitric oxide oxidation to nitrite by curcumin is due to the sequestration of the reaction intermediate nitrogen dioxide, not nitric oxide: B.D. Johnston & E.G. DeMaster; Nitric Oxide 8, 231 (2003) Abstract
Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action: B. Joe, et al.; Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 97 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin, a major constituent of turmeric, corrects cystic fibrosis defects: M.E. Egan, et al.; Science 304, 600 (2004) Abstract
Inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and induction of p53 degradation by the natural phenolic compound curcumin: P. Tsvetkov, et al.; PNAS 102, 5535 (2005) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin: V.S. Yadav, et al.; Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 27, 485 (2005) Abstract
Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases: S. Bengmark; JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 30, 45 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetylatransferase: M.G. Marcu, et al.; Med. Chem. 2, 169 (2006) Abstract
Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review: R.K. Maheshwari, et al.; Life Sci. 78, 2081 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via down-regulation of HIF-1: M.K. Bae, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 15, 1557 (2006) Abstract
Notch-1 down-regulation by curcumin is associated with the inhibition of cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells: Z. Wang, et al.; Cancer 106, 2503 (2006) Abstract
Curcumin improves wound healing by modulating collagen and decreasing reactive oxygen species: M. Panchatcharam, et al.; Mol. Cell Biochem. 290, 87 (2006) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on nitric oxide production from lipopolysaccharide-activated primary microglia: K.K. Jung, et al.; Life Sci. 79, 2022 (2006) Abstract
The dietary compound curcumin inhibits p300 histone acetyltransferase activity and prevents heart failure in rats: T. Morimoto, et al.; J. Clin. Invest. 118, 868 (2008) Abstract; Full Text
 
 
ALX-350-118 Revised 03-Apr-08
Deguelin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-118-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-118-M025   25 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C23H22O6
MW: 394.4
CAS NUMBER: 522-17-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2863
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, acetonitrile or DMSO. Slightly soluble in 100% ethanol. Insoluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT. TOXIC.

Product Description
Inhibitor of Akt (protein kinase B; PKB) in an in vitro lung carcinogenesis progression model. Inhibits cell proliferation - cells accumulate in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. Induces apoptosis. Exhibits a marked inhibitory effect on mouse skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test. Inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.
Product Specific Literature References
Deguelin inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest: G. Murillo, et al.; Eur. J. Cancer 38, 2446 (2002) Abstract
Effects of deguelin on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and apoptosis in premalignant human bronchial epithelial cells: K.H. Chun, et al.; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 95, 291 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Rotenoids from Derris trifoliata: C. Ito, et al.; Planta Med. 70, 8 (2004) Abstract
Apoptosis induction by the natural product cancer chemopreventive agent deguelin is mediated through the inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics.: N. Hail, et al.; Apoptosis 9, 437 (2004) Abstract
Deguelin-induced inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells: H.Y. Lee, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 1074 (2004) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-097 Revised 07-Sep-06
Ebselen
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SYNONYMS 2-Phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite/Scavengers/Detection
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ALX-270-097-M001   1 mg 12.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-097-M005   5 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-097-M025   25 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H9NOSe
MW: 274.2
CAS NUMBER: 60940-34-3
PURITY: ≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Selenium-based inhibitor of protein kinase C, NADPH, 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX) and NADPH oxidase. Anti-inflammatory antioxidant. Mimics glutathione peroxidase. Inhibits oxidative modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Product Specific Literature References
A novel biologically active seleno-organic compound--III. Effects of PZ 51 (Ebselen) on glutathione peroxidase and secretory activities of mouse macrophages: M.J. Parnham & S. Kindt; Biochem. Pharmacol. 33, 3247 (1984) Abstract
Seleno-organic compounds and the therapy of hydroperoxide-linked pathological conditions: M.J. Parnham & E. Graf; Biochem. Pharmacol. 36, 3095 (1987) Abstract
Kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of glutathione peroxidase activity of ebselen (PZ51): M. Maiorino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 2267 (1988) Abstract
Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of ebselen. Ebselen interferes with granulocyte oxidative burst by dual inhibition of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C?: I.A. Cotgreave, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 38, 649 (1989) Abstract
T. Nikawa, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 47, 1007 (1994) Abstract
Effects of ebselen and probucol on oxidative modifications of lipid and protein of low density lipoprotein induced by free radicals: N. Noguchi, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1213, 176 (1994) Abstract
Strong inhibition of mammalian lipoxygenases by the antiinflammatory seleno-organic compound ebselen in the absence of glutathione: C. Schewe, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 65 (1994) Abstract
Ebselen: a glutathione peroxidase mimic: H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 476 (1994) Abstract
Molecular actions of ebselen-an antiinflammatory antioxidant: T. Schewe; Gen. Pharmacol. 26, 1153 (1995) Abstract
Ebselen: H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol. 252, 341 (1995) Abstract
Ebselen as a glutathione peroxidase mimic and as a scavenger of peroxynitrite: H. Sies & H. Masumoto; Adv. Pharmacol. 38, 229 (1997) Abstract
Free radical generation by selenium compounds and their prooxidant toxicity: J.E. Spallholz; Biomed. Environ. Sci. 10, 260 (1997) Abstract
Protection against peroxynitrite by selenoproteins: H. Sies, et al.; Z. Naturforsch. [C] 53, 228 (1998) Abstract
Ebselen protects mice against T cell-dependent, TNF-mediated apoptotic liver injury: G. Tiegs,