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Acute Phase Response Proteins/Related Products
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Interleukin-1 [IL-1] Family & Receptors/Related Products
Natural Products for Inflammation Research
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Toll-like Receptors [TLRs]/Related Products
Inflammation Other Products
ALX-270-374
Revised 08-Dec-04
5-[(S)-(-)-2-(Methoxymethyl)pyrrolidino]sulfonylisatin
SYNONYMS
Caspase-7 Inhibitor
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Caspase Inhibitors
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ALX-270-374-M001
1 mg
120.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
14
H
16
N
2
O
5
S
MW:
324.4
PURITY:
≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:
Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
HANDLING:
Packaged under inert gas. Protect from light.
Product Description
Potent, reversible, non-peptide inhibitor of caspase-3 (K
i
=60nm), caspase-7 (K
i
=170nM) and caspase-9 (K
i
=3.1µM).
Product Specific Literature References
Potent and selective nonpeptide inhibitors of caspases 3 and 7
:
D. Lee, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
44
, 2015 (2001)
Abstract
Potent and selective nonpeptide inhibitors of caspases 3 and 7 inhibit apoptosis and maintain cell functionality
:
D. Lee, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
275
, 16007 (2000)
Abstract
ALX-420-036
Revised 21-Jul-05
DICA
SYNONYMS
2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-
N
-(2-mercaptoethyl)acetamide
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Caspase Inhibitors
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ALX-420-036-M005
5 mg
40.00 USD
ALX-420-036-M025
25 mg
160.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
10
H
11
Cl
2
NO
2
S
MW:
280.2
CAS NUMBER:
613665-26-2
PURITY:
≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in methanol or DMSO.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
USE/STABILITY:
Do not store DMSO solutions for more than 1 day.
HANDLING:
Keep under inert gas. Protect from oxygen.
Product Description
Inhibitor of caspase-3 and caspase-7 binding to an allosteric site and not to the active site.
Product Specific Literature References
Discovery of an allosteric site in the caspases:
J.A. Hardy, et al.; PNAS
101
, 12461 (2004)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
ALX-260-094
Revised 09-May-06
D2R (high purity)
SYNONYMS
(L-Asp)
2
rhodamine 110 (high purity) . TFA salt
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Caspase Substrates
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ALX-260-094-M001
1 mg
120.00 USD
ALX-260-094-5001
5x1 mg
420.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
28
H
24
N
4
O
9
. CF
3
COOH
MW:
560.5 . 114.0
PURITY:
≥98%
APPEARANCE:
Off-white to orange powder.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO.
RECONSTITUTION:
Reconstitute in DMSO followed by the addition of ethanol at a ratio 1:1.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
USE/STABILITY:
Aliquots in DMSO:ethanol (1:1) are stable for at least 1 month when stored at -20°C and stable for at least 6 months when stored at -80°C. Use high purity reagents only as the dye is instable in water. Discard surplus aqueous solutions.
HANDLING:
After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C. Protect from light.
Product Description
Substrate for detection of intracellular caspase activation by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy after apoptosis induction in intact hematopoietic cell lines. For detailed application protocols see [2].
Product Specific Literature References
[1]
Rhodamine 110-linked amino acids and peptides as substrates to measure caspase activity upon apoptosis induction in intact cells:
H. Hug, et al.; Biochemistry
38
, 13906 (1999)
Abstract
[2]
Fluorogenic substrates as detectors of caspase activity during natural killer cell-induced apoptosis:
M. Los, et al.; Methods Mol. Biol.
121
, 155 (2000)
Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
D
2
R can be used to detect caspase activity (predominantly caspase-3) in intact cells by flow cytometry [1], fluorescence microscopy as well as in cell extracts followed by analysis with a fluorometer (λex: 488nm/λem 550nm). Free (cleaved) Rhodamine 110 emits light both in the FL1 and FL2 channel. Dual staining is possible by employing the FL3 channel for flow cytometry. At least 160 assays can be performed (100µl sample volume (e.g. whole blood sample) and 100µM D
2
R) [2]. Optimal substrate concentrations for other applications range from 25-50µM D
2
R and have to be determined empirically for the particular cell system.
ALX-350-366
Revised 03-Apr-08
Azaspiracid-1
SYNONYMS
AZA-1
PRODUCT LINE
Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Other Toxins
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ALX-350-366-C001
1 µg
180.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
47
H
71
NO
12
MW:
842.1
CAS NUMBER:
214899-21-5
SOURCE/HOST:
Islolated from marine mussel.
CONCENTRATION:
2μg/ml
PURITY:
≥95%
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In methanol.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HAZARD:
VERY TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC.
Product Description
Activator of JNK (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase). Cellular growth inhibitor and inducer of cytoskeletal alterations. Activator of caspases. Modulator of intracellular cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and calcium levels. Inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells. Potent teratogen to finfish. Cytotoxic to mammalian cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Multiple organ damage caused by a new toxin azaspiracid, isolated from mussels produced in Ireland:
E. Ito, et al.; Toxicon
38
, 917 (2000)
Abstract
Azaspiracid-1, a potent, nonapoptotic new phycotoxin with several cell targets
:
Y. Roman, et al.; Cell. Signal.
14
, 703 (2002)
Abstract
Teratogenic effects of azaspiracid-1 identified by microinjection of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos
:
J.R. Coleman, et al.; Toxicon
45
, 881 (2005)
Abstract
Cytotoxic and cytoskeletal effects of azaspiracid-1 on mammalian cell lines
:
M.J. Twiner, et al.; Toxicon
45
, 891 (2005)
Abstract
Azaspiracids modulate intracellular pH levels in human lymphocytes
:
A. Alfonso, et al.; BBRC
346
, 1091 (2006)
Abstract
Cell growth inhibition and actin cytoskeleton disorganization induced by azaspiracid-1 structure-activity studies
:
N. Vilarino, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol.
19
, 1459 (2006)
Abstract
The c-Jun-N-terminal kinase is involved in the neurotoxic effect of azaspiracid-1:
C. Vale, et al.; Cell Physiol. Biochem.
20
, 957 (2007)
Abstract
Effects of azaspiracid-1, a potent cytotoxic agent, on primary neuronal cultures. A structure-activity relationship study
:
C. Vale, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
50
, 356 (2007)
Abstract
Irreversible cytoskeletal disarrangement is independent of caspase activation during in vitro azaspiracid toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells
:
N. Vilarino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol.
74
, 327 (2007)
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling and inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in human T lymphocyte cells by the marine toxin azaspiracid
:
M.J. Twiner, et al.; Genomics
91
, 289 (2008)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
•
MAPK Pathway Activators
•
Natural Products for Cytoskeletal Research
•
Caspases Other Products
•
cAMP Pathways Other Products
ALX-420-031
Revised 11-Jun-04
PETCM
SYNONYMS
α-(Trichloromethyl)-4-pyridineethanol
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Prothymosin alpha
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ALX-420-031-M010
10 mg
30.00 USD
ALX-420-031-M050
50 mg
120.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
8
H
8
Cl
3
NO
MW:
240.5
CAS NUMBER:
10129-56-3
PURITY:
≥95%
APPEARANCE:
White to brownish powder.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
+4°C
HANDLING:
Protect from light.
HAZARD:
HARMFUL. IRRITANT.
MELTINGPOINT:
164°C
Product Description
Activator of caspase-3 in cell extracts. Relieves prothymosin α inhibition and promotes apoptosome formation at a physiological concentration of deoxyadenosine triphosphate.
Product Specific Literature References
Distinctive roles of PHAP proteins and prothymosin-alpha in a death regulatory pathway
:
X. Jiang, et al.; Science
299
, 223 (2003)
Abstract
Related Products
ALX-480-095
2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate . disodium salt
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspases Other Products
ALX-420-035
Revised 03-May-05
Apoptosis Activator 2
SYNONYMS
1-[(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)methyl]-1
H
-indole-2,3-dione
PRODUCT LINE
Cell Death / Apoptosis / Autophagy
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
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ALX-420-035-M005
5 mg
45.00 USD
ALX-420-035-M025
25 mg
180.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
15
H
9
NO
2
Cl
2
MW:
306.1
CAS NUMBER:
79183-19-0
PURITY:
≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE:
Orange to red solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
+4°C
Product Description
Induces apoptosis by promoting the oligomerization of Apaf-1 into the mature, functional apoptosome, triggering caspase-9 activation resulting in activated caspase-3. Shows strong selectivity for cancer cells against normal cell lines. Acts in a similar way like apoptosis inducer PETCM (Prod. No.
ALX-420-031
).
Product Specific Literature References
Direct activation of the apoptosis machinery as a mechanism to target cancer cells:
J.T. Nguyen and J.A. Wells; PNAS
100
, 7533 (2003)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspases Other Products
ALX-430-146
Revised 30-Nov-06
PAC-1
SYNONYMS
4-(Phenylmethyl)[[2-hydroxy-3-(2-propenyl)phenyl]methylene]hydrazide-1-piperazine acetic acid
PRODUCT LINE
Cancer
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers)
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ALX-430-146-M010
10 mg
45.00 USD
ALX-430-146-M050
50 mg
180.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
23
H
28
N
4
O
2
MW:
392.5
CAS NUMBER:
315183-21-2
PURITY:
≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in acetonitrile, DMSO, dioxane or methanol.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
Product Description
First molecule to directly activate procaspase-3 to caspase-3
in vitro
. Has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Small-molecule activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 as a personalized anticancer strategy:
K.S. Putt, et al.; Nat. Chem. Biol.
2
, 543 (2006)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Caspases Other Products
ALX-340-004
Revised 18-Aug-08
Arachidonic acid
SYNONYMS
5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatetraenoic acid
PRODUCT LINE
Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Arachidonic Acid/Related Products
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ALX-340-004-M100
100 mg
147.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
20
H
32
O
2
MW:
304.5
CAS NUMBER:
506-32-1
MERCK INDEX:
14:
765
RTECS:
CE6675000
CONCENTRATION:
100mg/ml
PURITY:
≥98%
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Solution in ethanol containing 0.1% BHT.
SOLUBILITY:
100mg/ml soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; sparingly soluble in basic aqueous buffers (1.7mg/ml). To prevent oxidation, the solvent should be purged with an inert gas.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
USE/STABILITY:
Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -20°C. Keep aqueous solutions on ice and use within 12 hours.
HANDLING:
Protect from light and oxygen.
HAZARD:
TOXIC.
Product Description
Precursor to a large family of eicosanoids. Activator for several protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes.
Product Specific Literature References
Arachidonic acid metabolism:
P. Needleman, et al.; Ann. Rev. Biochem.
55
, 69 (1986)
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of the Ca2+-dependent, membrane-bound, macrophage phospholipase A2 and the effects of arachidonic acid:
M.D. Lister, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
263
, 7506 (1988)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Characterization of the L-arginine:nitric oxide pathway in human platelets:
M.W. Radomski, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol.
101
, 325 (1990)
Abstract
The LDL receptor pathway delivers arachidonic acid for eicosanoid formation in cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor:
A.J.R. Habenicht, et al.; Nature
345
, 634 (1990)
Abstract
The control of free arachidonic acid levels:
R.D. Burgoyne & A. Morgan; TIBS
15
, 365 (1990)
Abstract
A unique pool of free arachidonate serves as substrate for both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in platelets:
F. Chevy, et al.; Lipids
26
, 1080 (1991)
Abstract
Regulation of Ras-GAP and the neurofibromatosis-1 gene product by eicosanoids:
J.W. Han, et al.; Science
252
, 576 (1991)
Abstract
Arachidonic acid as a second messenger. Interactions with a GTP-binding protein of human neutrophils:
S.B. Abramson, et al.; J. Immunol.
147
, 231 (1991)
Abstract
The immediate activator of the NADPH oxidase is arachidonate not phosphorylation:
Henderson, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem.
211
, 157 (1993)
Abstract
Nitric oxide and arachidonic acid modulation of calcium currents in postganglionic neurones of avian cultured ciliary ganglia:
G. Khurana & M.R. Bennett; Br. J. Pharmacol.
109
, 480 (1993)
Abstract
Arachidonic acid-induced Ca2+ release from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum:
C. Dettbarn & P. Palade; Biochem. Pharmacol.
45
, 1301 (1993)
Abstract
Covalent binding of arachidonate to G protein alpha subunits of human platelets:
H. Hallak, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
269
, 4713 (1994)
Abstract
;
Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKC Activators
•
Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products
•
Fatty Acids
ALX-270-086
Revised 07-May-08
Indomethacin
PRODUCT LINE
Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [NSAIDS]
Ordering Information
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ALX-270-086-G005
5 g
30.00 USD
ALX-270-086-G025
25 g
80.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
19
H
16
ClNO
4
MW:
357.8
CAS NUMBER:
53-86-1
MERCK INDEX:
14:
4968
PURITY:
≥98%
APPEARANCE:
Off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in acetone or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
+20°C
HAZARD:
VERY TOXIC.
Product Description
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Far more potent for inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) than for inhibition of lipoxygenases.
Product Specific Literature References
Chemical and biological studies on indomethacin, sulindac and their analogs:
T.Y. Shen, et al.; Adv. Drug Res.
12
, 90 (1977)
Abstract
Comparative effects of indomethacin, acetylenic acids, 15-HETE, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and BW755C on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human leukocytes and platelets:
H. Salari, et al.; Prostagl. Leukotr. Med.
13
, 53 (1984)
Abstract
Effects of indomethacin on fetal renal function, renal and umbilicoplacental blood flow and lung liquid production:
K.M. Stevenson & E.R. Lumbers; J. Dev. Physiol.
17
, 257 (1992)
Abstract
NS-398, a new anti-inflammatory agent, selectively inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase/cyclooxygenase (COX-2) activity in vitro:
N. Futaki, et al.; Prostaglandins
47
, 55 (1994)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Analgesic/Anti-nociceptive Agents/Related Products
•
COX Inhibitors
ALX-270-097
Revised 07-Sep-06
Ebselen
SYNONYMS
2-Phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3-(2
H
)-one
PRODUCT LINE
Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Peroxynitrite/Scavengers/Detection
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ALX-270-097-M001
1 mg
12.00 USD
ALX-270-097-M005
5 mg
20.00 USD
ALX-270-097-M025
25 mg
60.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
13
H
9
NOSe
MW:
274.2
CAS NUMBER:
60940-34-3
PURITY:
≥98% (NMR)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING:
AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Protect from light.
Product Description
Selenium-based inhibitor of protein kinase C, NADPH, 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX) and NADPH oxidase. Anti-inflammatory antioxidant. Mimics glutathione peroxidase. Inhibits oxidative modifications of low density lipoproteins (LDL).
Product Specific Literature References
A novel biologically active seleno-organic compound--III. Effects of PZ 51 (Ebselen) on glutathione peroxidase and secretory activities of mouse macrophages
:
M.J. Parnham & S. Kindt; Biochem. Pharmacol.
33
, 3247 (1984)
Abstract
Seleno-organic compounds and the therapy of hydroperoxide-linked pathological conditions
:
M.J. Parnham & E. Graf; Biochem. Pharmacol.
36
, 3095 (1987)
Abstract
Kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of glutathione peroxidase activity of ebselen (PZ51)
:
M. Maiorino, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol.
37
, 2267 (1988)
Abstract
Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of ebselen. Ebselen interferes with granulocyte oxidative burst by dual inhibition of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C?:
I.A. Cotgreave, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol.
38
, 649 (1989)
Abstract
T. Nikawa, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol.
47
, 1007 (1994)
Abstract
Effects of ebselen and probucol on oxidative modifications of lipid and protein of low density lipoprotein induced by free radicals:
N. Noguchi, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1213
, 176 (1994)
Abstract
Strong inhibition of mammalian lipoxygenases by the antiinflammatory seleno-organic compound ebselen in the absence of glutathione:
C. Schewe, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol.
48
, 65 (1994)
Abstract
Ebselen: a glutathione peroxidase mimic
:
H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol.
234
, 476 (1994)
Abstract
Molecular actions of ebselen-an antiinflammatory antioxidant
:
T. Schewe; Gen. Pharmacol.
26
, 1153 (1995)
Abstract
Ebselen
:
H. Sies; Meth. Enzymol.
252
, 341 (1995)
Abstract
Ebselen as a glutathione peroxidase mimic and as a scavenger of peroxynitrite
:
H. Sies & H. Masumoto; Adv. Pharmacol.
38
, 229 (1997)
Abstract
Free radical generation by selenium compounds and their prooxidant toxicity
:
J.E. Spallholz; Biomed. Environ. Sci.
10
, 260 (1997)
Abstract
Protection against peroxynitrite by selenoproteins
:
H. Sies, et al.; Z. Naturforsch. [C]
53
, 228 (1998)
Abstract
Ebselen protects mice against T cell-dependent, TNF-mediated apoptotic liver injury
:
G. Tiegs, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
287
, 1098 (1998)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKC Inhibitors
•
Malaria/Related Products
•
Lipoxygenases/Related Products
•
COX Inhibitors
•
Anti-inflammatory Agents Other Products
•
Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products
ALX-270-102
Revised 10-Aug-07
Naproxen
SYNONYMS
(S)-6-Methoxy-α-methyl-2-naphthalene acetic acid
