ALEXIS Biochemicals: LPS from Salmonella abortus equi S-form (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)

ALX-581-009

Revised 16-Sep-08

LPS from Salmonella abortus equi S-form (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
SYNONYMS	Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella abortus equi S-form (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use)
PRODUCT LINE	Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Lipopolysaccharides [LPS] / Related Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-581-009-L002		2 ml	155.00 USD

Product Specification

SOURCE/HOST:	Smooth (S)-form LPS, isolated and purified from Salmonella abortus equi by modification of the phenol water extraction and PCP method [1,2], converted to the uniform salt form [3] and dissolved in pyrogen-free double distilled water.
CONCENTRATION:	1mg/ml
PURITY:	Absence of detectable protein or DNA contaminants with agonistic TLR activity.
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Sterile, ready-to-use solution in pyrogen-free double distilled water.
ACTIVITY:	Strong activator of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Does not activate TLR2 or other TLRs as determined with splenocytes and macrophages from TLR4 deficient mice. No further re-extraction required. Smooth (S)-form LPS are commonly the preferred choice for whole animal studies, whereas Rough (R)-form LPS are primarily used in cellular in vitro activation studies.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at +4°C.
HANDLING:	Keep sterile. Do not ingest. Wear gloves and mask when handling this product! Avoid contact through all modes of exposure. LPS compounds are highly pyrogenic. Avoid accidental injection; extreme care should be taken when handling in conjunction with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation of LPS and prevent these compounds from entering the bloodstream. Use must be restricted to qualified personnel.
HAZARD:	HIGHLY PYROGENIC. HARMFUL.

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Product Specific Literature References

[1] A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 9, 245 (1969) Abstract
[2] Isolation and purification of R-form lipopolysaccharides: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Methods in Carbohydrate Chem. 9, 11 (1993)
[3] Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms: C. Galanos & O. Luderitz; Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 603 (1975) Abstract
[4] Preparation and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi (Novo-Pyrexal) : C. Galanos et al.; Zentralbl. Bakteriol. [Orig. A] 243, 226 (1979) Abstract
[5] Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan activate dendritic cells via toll-like receptor 4: C. Termeer, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 195, 99 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[6] Toll-like receptor 4 expression levels determine the degree of LPS-susceptibility in mice: C. Kalis, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 33, 798 (2003) Abstract
[7] A striking correlation between lethal activity and apoptotic DNA fragmentation of liver in response of D-galactosamine-sensitized mice to a non-lethal amount of lipopolysaccharide: B.R. Zhou, et al.; Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 24, 193 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
[8] CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005) Abstract
[9] IL-12 family members: differential kinetics of their TLR4-mediated induction by Salmonella Enteritidis and the impact of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages: N. Schuetze, et al.; Int. Immunol. 17, 649 (2005) Abstract
[10] R-form LPS, the master key to the activation ofTLR4/MD-2-positive cells: M. Huber, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 36, 701 (2006) Abstract
[11] Production of IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27p28 by bone marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells rather than macrophages after LPS/TLR4-dependent induction by Salmonella Enteritidis: S. Siegemund, et al.; Immunobiology 212, 739 (2008) Abstract

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Related Product:

- For the biotinylated LPS, please see LPS from Salmonella abortus equi S-form (TLRgrade™) (Ready-to-Use) (Biotin) (Prod. No. ALX-581-150).