ALEXIS Biochemicals: MALP-2 (BULK)

ALX-162-034

Revised 03-Jul-08

MALP-2 (BULK)
SYNONYMS	Macrophage-activating Lipopeptide-2 S-[2,3-bis(Palmityloxy)-(2R)-propyl-cysteinyl-GNNDESNISFKEK]
PRODUCT LINE	Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY	TLR Agonists Other Products

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-162-034-C500		500 µg	1'250.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₉₉H₁₆₇N₁₉O₃₀S
MW:	2135.2
SOURCE/HOST:	Synthetic.
CONCENTRATION:	1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:	HPLC purified
FORMULATION:	Liquid. Pyrogen-free, sterile solution in 33% (v/v) 2-propanol/water.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:	Stimulates macrophages, monocytes and other TLR2 and TLR6 expressing cells in vitro at pg/ml concentrations (e.g. mouse macrophages: 50pg/ml; fibroblasts: 2ng/ml) to release various mediators. Human monocytes require about 10-100x higher concentrations for optimal cytokine or chemokine release than mouse PECS (see [12]). In vivo active at 0.5-5μg (e.g 0.5μg/20g mouse). The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside as carrier gives rise to a higher activity.
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-80°C
USE/STABILITY:	Stable for at least 3 years when stored at -20°C. This stock solution is stable for many months when kept in the refrigerator. MALP-2 solutions in the presene of carrier (50mM octyl glucoside, see Background/Technical Information below) are stable at +4°C at least 6 weeks. Some (10%) decrease of activity may occur shortly after transfer into new vessels. This is not due to decomposition but to adsorption (see below). Storage at room temperature for short periods of time does not influence bioactivity. When deep-frozen, MALP-2 does not loose activity within years.
HANDLING:	Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. Avoid accidental injection, extreme care should be taken with hypodermic syringes. Avoid inhalation and prevent this compound from entering the bloodstream.
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

MALP-2 was originally isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans. This MALP-2 corresponds to the originally isolated isomer, which expresses potent endotoxin-like activity and approaches in certain experimental systems the toxicity of LPS. For description of the stereochemistry of MALP-2 (see [7]). MALP-2 signalling, unlike that of LPS, is not transduced via TLR4, but is induced via TLR2 and TLR6 signalling.
For more information about MALP-2 see www.malp-research.de.
New BULK size (500μg) of biologically active, pyrogen-free and sterile MALP-2 for in vitro and animal in vivo studies.

Product Specific Literature References

[1] Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a Mycoplasma fermentans-derived substance that activates macrophages to release nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-6: P.F. Muhlradt and M. Frisch; Infect. Immun. 62, 3801 (1994) Abstract
[2] Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration: P.F. Mühlradt, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 185, 1951 (1997) Abstract; Full Text
[3] MALP-2, a Mycoplasma lipopeptide with classical endotoxic properties: end of an era of LPS monopoly?: C. Galanos, et al.; J. Endotox. Res. 6, 471 (2000) Abstract
[4] Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6: O. Takeuchi, et al.; Int. Immunol. 13, 933 (2001) Abstract
[5] In vivo effects of a synthetic 2-kilodalton macrophage-activating lipopeptide of Mycoplasma fermentans after pulmonary application: A. Luhrmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3785 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
[6] The Mycoplasma-derived lipopeptide MALP-2 is a potent mucosal adjuvant: F. Rharbaoui, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 2857 (2002) Abstract
[7] Differential recognition of structural details of bacterial lipopeptides by toll-like receptors: M. Morr, et al.; Eur. J. Immunol. 32, 3337 (2002) Abstract
[8] CD14 is required for MyD88-independent LPS signaling: Z. Jiang, et al.; Nat. Immunol. 6, 565 (2005) Abstract
[9] The tumor suppressor CYLD Acts as a Negative Regulator for Toll-like Receptor 2 Signaling via Negative Cross-talk with TRAF6 and TRAF7: H. Yoshida, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 41111 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
[10] IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses: K. Honda, et al.; Nature 434, 772 (2005) Abstract
[11] The role of TLR2 in the inflammatory activation of mouse fibroblasts by human antiphospholipid antibodies: N. Satta, et al.; Blood 109, 1507 (2007) Abstract
[12] Induction of cytokines and chemokines in human monocytes by Mycoplasma fermentans-derived lipoprotein MALP-2: A. Kaufmann, et al.; Infect. Immun. 67, 6303 (1999) Abstract; Full Text

General Information

BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

MALP-2 sticks avidly to glass or plastic. Since it is active at very low concentrations, i.e. at high dilutions, these low amounts of material tend to become adsorbed to pipette tips and plastic or glass containers. To avoid this, prepare several dilution steps of the MALP-2 stock solution with medium containing 5% autologous serum or buffers with 2% HSA. The presence of 50mM octyl glucoside in the first dilution step is often beneficial and gives rise to higher activity. Avoid small volumes in large vessels. Do not filter.
Because of the ester-bound fatty acids, MALP-2 is sensitive to alkali or acid. The medium should be preconditioned in the CO₂ incubator in order to ensure that the pH does not become alkaline. Add cells in preconditioned medium as soon as possible and incubate.

MANUFACTURER

Licensed from GBF Braunschweig, Germany.

General Literature References

Synergic effects of mycoplasmal lipopeptides and extracellular ATP on activation of macrophages: T. Into, et al.; Infect. Immun. 70, 3586 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Site-specific proteolysis of the MALP-404 lipoprotein determines the release of a soluble selective lipoprotein-associated motif-containing fragment and alteration of the surface phenotype of Mycoplasma fermentans: K.L. Davis & K.S. Wise; Infect. Immun. 70, 1129 (2002) Abstract; Full Text