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Toxins
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ALX-350-104 Revised 10-May-07
Aaptamine
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SYNONYMS 8,9-Dimethoxy-1H-benzo[de][1,6]naphtyridine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-350-104-M001   1 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H12N2O2
MW: 228.3
CAS NUMBER: 85547-22-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the sponge Aaptos aaptos.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: Oil.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Competitive antagonist of α-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Inhibits cancer cell growth.
Product Specific Literature References
Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action of aaptamine, a novel marine natural product, in vascular smooth muscle: Y. Ohizumi, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36, 785 (1984) Abstract
Antineoplastic agents 491. Synthetic conversion of aaptamine to isoaaptamine, 9-demethylaaptamine, and 4-methylaaptamine: G.R. Pettit, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 69, 2251 (2004) Abstract
Aaptamine, a spongean alkaloid, activates p21 promoter in a p53-independent manner: S. Aoki, et al.; BBRC 342, 101 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors/Related Products • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
 
 
ALX-550-232 Revised 13-May-08
Aconitine
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SYNONYMS (1α,3α,6α,14α,15α,16β)-20-Ethyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol 8-acetate 14-benzoate
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-550-232-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H47NO11
MW: 645.7
CAS NUMBER: 302-27-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 118
RTECS: AR5960000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aconitum karacolium.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol (35mg/ml); almost insoluble in water (0.3mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
A lipid-soluble neurotoxin that acts as a sodium channel modulator. Blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels. Potent neurotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at mouse neuromuscular junction: effects of elevated quantal release and aconitine: S.P. Yu & W. Van der Kloot; Neurosci. Lett. 117, 111 (1990) Abstract
Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-D-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids: M. Muroi, et al.; Neuropharmacology 29, 567 (1990) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Na+ Channels
 
 
ALX-630-088 Revised 03-Apr-08
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
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SYNONYMS AC Toxin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Toxins
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ALX-630-088-C050   50 µg 290.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~177kDa.
SOURCE/HOST: Recombinant Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin produced in E. coli.
CONCENTRATION: 1mg/ml after reconstitution.
PURITY: ≥75% (SDS-PAGE)
APPEARANCE: Lyophilized.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 50µl sterile distilled water to get a solution in 20mM HEPES, pH 7.5, containing 8M urea. The resulting suspension should be made uniform by gentle mixing prior to use.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: After reconstitution, store at concentrations higher than 100µg/ml to reduce adherence to the container surface.
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Important virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis and a research tool for manipulation of cAMP levels in mammalian cells. Has the ability to interact with target cells, insert into the cytoplasmic membrane and deliver its adenylate cyclase enzymatic domain to the cell interior.
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Calmodulin activates prokaryotic adenylate cyclase: J. Wolff, et al.; PNAS 77, 3841 (1980) Abstract
[2] Phagocyte impotence caused by an invasive bacterial adenylate cyclase: D.L. Confer & J.W. Eaton; Science 217, 948 (1982) Abstract
[3] Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis: A. Weiss & E.L. Hewlett; Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 40, 661 (1986) Abstract
[4] The calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli: P. Glaser, et al.; Mol. Microbiol. 2, 19 (1988) Abstract
[5] Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis. Identification and purification of the holotoxin molecule: E.L. Hewlett, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 19379 (1989) Abstract
[6] Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. Structural and functional independence of the catalytic and hemolytic activities: H. Sakamoto, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 13598 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
[7] Characterization of adenylate cyclase toxin from a mutant of Bordetella pertussis defective in the activator gene, cyaC: E.L. Hewlett, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 7842 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
[8] Calmodulin-activated bacterial adenylate cyclases as virulence factors: M. Mock & A. Ullmann; Trends in Microbiol. 1, 187 (1993) Abstract
[9] Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis. Evidence for the formation of small ion-permeable channels and comparison with HlyA of Escherichia coli: R. Benz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 27231 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
[10] Internal lysine palmitoylation in adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis: M. Hackett, et al.; Science 266, 433 (1994) Abstract
[11] Adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis produces ion conductance across artificial lipid bilayers in a calcium- and polarity- dependent manner: G. Szabo, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22496 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
[12] Hemolytic, but not cell-invasive activity, of adenylate cyclase toxin is selectively affected by differential fatty-acylation in escherichia coli: M. Hackett, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20250 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
[13] Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin: a versatile screening tool: N. Dautin, et al.; Toxicon 40, 1383 (2002), (Review) Abstract
[14] The adenylate cyclase toxin from Bordetella pertussis--a novel promising vehicle for antigen delivery to dendritic cells: M. Simsova, et al.; Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 239, 571 (2004), (Review) Abstract
[15] Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin: a swift saboteur of host defense: J. Vojtova, et al.; Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 9, 69 (2006) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Enzymatic activity: The enzymatic activity of this preparation is >238µmol cAMP/min/mg of protein as determined by a modification of the method of Hewlett et al. [5].
Toxicity: The toxicity of this preparation is >63µmol cAMP/mg of J774A.1 cell protein as determined by a modification of the method of Hewlett et al. [7].
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Adenylyl Cyclase Activators
 
 
ALX-630-093 Revised 23-Jul-08
Aflatoxin B1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-093-M001   1 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-093-M005   5 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O6
MW: 312.3
CAS NUMBER: 1162-65-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1925000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methylene chloride.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Naturally occuring mycotoxin produced by many species of Aspergillus. Metabolized by the liver to the reactive intermediate aflatoxin M1. Exposure may produce acute necrosis, cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver. Induces DNA damage.
Product Specific Literature References
Molecular dosimetry of aflatoxin exposure: contribution to understanding the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with particular reference to hepatitis B virus: C.P. Wild, et al.; Environ. Health Perspect. 99, 115 (1993) Abstract
A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China: G.S. Qian, et al.; Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 3, 3 (1994) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 induced lacI mutation in liver and kidney of transgenic mice C57BL/6N: effect of phorone: H. Autrup, et al.; Mutagenesis 11, 69 (1996) Abstract
Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1: F.P. Guengerich, et al.; Mutat. Res. 402, 121 (1998), (Review) Abstract
Hyperplasia, partial hepatectomy, and the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1: B.D. Roebu; J. Cell. Biochem. 91, 242 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Aflatoxin B1-induced DNA damage and its repair: L. L. Bedard & T. E. Massey; Cancer Lett. 241, 174 (2006), (Review) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death/Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-103 Revised 10-Sep-07
Aflatoxin B2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-103-M001   1 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-103-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O6
MW: 314.3
CAS NUMBER: 7220-81-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 180
RTECS: GY1722000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride, DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Aflatoxin B2: Chemical Identity and Biological Activity: S.B. Chang, et al.; Science 142, 1191 (1963) Abstract
Accumulation of only aflatoxin B2 by a strain of Aspergillus flavus: H.W. Schroeder & W.W. Carlton; Appl. Microbiol. 25, 146 (1973) Abstract
In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin B2 by animal and human liver: B.D. Roebuck, et al.; Cancer Res. 38, 999 (1978) Abstract
Interaction of aflatoxin B2 with rat liver DNA and histones in vivo: J.D. Groopman, et al.; Carcinogenesis 2, 1371 (1981) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death/Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-104 Revised 20-Mar-08
Aflatoxin G1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-104-M001   1 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-104-M005   5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 1165-39-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml), methylene chloride (5mg/ml) or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Mutagenic effect of aflatoxin G1 in comparison with B1: M.M. el-Zawahri, et al.; J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 10, 45 (1990) Abstract
Identification of an aflatoxin G1-serum albumin adduct and its relevance to the measurement of human exposure to aflatoxins: G. Sabbioni & C.P. Wild; Carcinogenesis 12, 97 (1991) Abstract
Effects of sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin G1 on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: X.M. Sun, et al.; Biomed. Environ. Sci. 15, 145 (2002) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death/Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-106 Revised 20-Jun-08
Aflatoxin G2
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-106-M001   1 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-106-M005   5 mg 600.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 7241-98-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 181
RTECS: LV1700000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methylene chloride (5mg/ml), DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin.
Product Specific Literature References
Combining Ability for Resistance to Field Aflatoxin Accumulation in Maize Grain: D.P. Gorman, et al.; Plant Breeding 109, 296 (1992)
Mutagenicity of aflatoxins related to their metabolism and carcinogenic potential: J.J. Wong & D.P. Hsieh; PNAS 73, 2241 (1976) Abstract
General Information
Not for sale in U. S. A.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Non-apoptotic Cell Death/Necrosis
 
 
ALX-630-114 Revised 13-Jun-08 New product
Aflatoxin M2
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SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxyaflatoxin B2
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-114-MC01   0.1 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H14O7
MW: 330.3
CAS NUMBER: 6885-57-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1720000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus flavus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC, TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. Metabolite of aflatoxin B2. DNA-damaging agent.
Product Specific Literature References
Milk of mammals fed an aflatoxin-containing diet.: H. De Iongh, et al.; Nature 202, 466 (1964) Abstract
Isolation and structure of aflatoxins M1 and M2: C.W. Holzapfel, et al.; Tetrahedron Lett. 25, 2799 (1966) Abstract
Acute toxicity of aflatoxins M1 and M2 in one-day-old ducklings: I.F. Purchase; Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 5, 339 (1967) Abstract
Occurrence of aflatoxins M(1) and M(2) in milk commercialized in Ribeirăo Preto-SP, Brazil: N.S. Garrido, et al.; Food Addit. Contam. 20, 70 (2003) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Plant Research Reagents • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters
 
 
ALX-630-095 Revised 03-Apr-08 New product
Aflatoxin M1
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-095-MC01   0.1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H12O7
MW: 328.3
CAS NUMBER: 6795-23-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 182
RTECS: GY1880000
SOURCE/