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Toxins
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ALX-162-001 Revised 07-Apr-08
Mastoparan
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-162-001-M001   1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-162-001-M005   5 mg 200.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Asn-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Ala-Lys-Lys-Ile-Leu-NH2
FORMULA: C70H131N19O15
MW: 1478.9
CAS NUMBER: 72093-21-1
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from wasp venom.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: POTENT NEUROTOXIN.
Product Description

Mast cell degranulating peptide. Stimulates glycogenolysis.Stimulates phospholipase D2 PLD2 activity. Alters G-proteins in brain membranes.
Product Specific Literature References
A new mast cell degranulating peptide "mastoparan" in the venom of Vespula lewisii: Y. Hirai, et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 27, 1942 (1979) Abstract
Mastoparan, a peptide toxin from wasp venom, mimics receptors by activating GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins): T. Higashijima, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6491 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Mastoparan, a peptide toxin from wasp venom, stimulates glycogenolysis mediated by an increase of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration but not by an increase of cAMP in rat hepatocytes: M. Tohkin, et al.; FEBS Lett. 260, 179 (1990) Abstract
Interaction of wasp venom mastoparan with biomembranes: T. Katsu, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1027, 185 (1990) Abstract
Effects of the wasp venom peptide, mastoparan, on GTP hydrolysis in rat brain membranes: Y. Odagaki, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 121, 1406 (1997) Abstract
Mastoparan selectively activates phospholipase D2 in cell membranes: A. Chahdi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 12039 (2003) Abstract
Mastoparan, a G protein agonist peptide, differentially modulates TLR4- and TLR2-mediated signaling in human endothelial cells and murine macrophages: A. Lentschat, et al.; J. Immunol. 174, 4252 (2005) Abstract
Biological applications of the receptor mimetic peptide mastoparan: S. Jones & J. Howl; Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 7, 501 (2006), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
G-proteins & GTPases Other Products • Peptides
 
 
ALX-162-002 Revised 07-Apr-08
MCD Peptide
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SYNONYMS Mast Cell Degranulating Peptide
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-162-002-MC05   0.5 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Ile-Lys-Cys-Asn-Cys-Lys-Arg-His-Val-Ile-Lys-Pro-His-Ile-Cys-Arg-Lys-Ile-Cys-Gly-Lys-Asn-NH2
(Disulfide bonds between Cys3-Cys15 and Cys5-Cys19)
FORMULA: C110H192N40O24S4
MW: 2587.2
CAS NUMBER: 83856-13-7
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Apis mellifera.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: POTENT NEUROTOXIN.
Product Description
Potent anti-inflammatory agent and strong mediator of mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Neurotoxin and voltage-dependent K+ channel blocker. Inhibits the ADP-ribosylation of the small GTP-binding proteins rho.
Product Specific Literature References
Bee and wasp venoms: E. Haberman; Science 177, 314 (1972) Abstract
Potassium channel toxins: P.N. Strong; Pharmacol. Ther. 46, 137 (1990) Abstract
Mast cell degranulating peptide: a multi-functional neurotoxin: M.R. Ziai, et al.; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 42, 457 (1990), Review Abstract
ADP-ribosylation of rho proteins is inhibited by melittin, mast cell degranulating peptide and compound 48/80: G. Koch, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 226, 87 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • K+ Channel Blockers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
 
 
ALX-167-001 Revised 25-Sep-07
Sarafotoxin S6b
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Endothelins [ETs] & Endothelin Receptors / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-167-001-PC01   0.1 mg* 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-167-001-PC05   0.5 mg* 280.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-167-001-P001   1 mg* 530.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Cys-Ser-Cys-Lys-Asp-Met-Thr-Asp-Lys-Glu-Cys-Leu-Tyr-Phe-Cys-His-Gln-Asp-Val-Ile-Trp-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys15 and Cys3-Cys11)
FORMULA: C110H159N27O34S5
MW: 2564.0
CAS NUMBER: 116303-65-2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Atractaspis engaddensis.
QUANTITY: *Sold as net peptide weight.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 5% acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Potent vasoconstrictor peptide. Causes hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in atrial and brain membranes.
Product Specific Literature References
Sarafotoxin, a novel vasoconstrictor peptide: phosphoinositide hydrolysis in rat heart and brain: Y. Kloog, et al.; Science 242, 268 (1988) Abstract
Similarity of endothelin to snake venom toxin: Nature 335, 303 (1988) Abstract
Sarafotoxins S6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis (burrowing asp) venom that affect the heart: C. Takasaki, et al.; Toxicon 26, 543 (1988) Abstract
Competitive interaction between endothelin and sarafotoxin: Binding and phosphoinositides hydrolysis in rat atria and brain: I. Ambar, et al.; BBRC 158, 195 (1989) Abstract
Functional endothelin/sarafotoxin receptors in the rat uterus: D. Bousso-Mittler, et al.; BBRC 162, 952 (1989) Abstract
Immunological and structural characterization of sarafotoxin/endothelin family of peptides: G. Fleminger, et al.; BBRC 162, 1317 (1989) Abstract
Biochemical identification of two types of phenamil binding sites associated with amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels: R. Galron, et al.; BBRC 163, 936 (1989) Abstract
Interaction of synthetic sarafotoxin with rat vascular endothelin receptors: Y. Hirata, et al.; BBRC 162, 441 (1989) Abstract
Synthesis of endothelin-1 analogues, endothelin-3, and sarafotoxin S6b: structure-activity relationships: N. Nakajima, et al.; J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13, S8 (1989) Abstract
Sarafotoxin S6c is a relatively weak displacer of specifically bound 125I-endothelin: W.G. Nayler, et al.; BBRC 161, 89 (1989) Abstract
Vasoconstrictor effects of sarafotoxins in rabbit aorta: structure- function relationships: Z. Wollberg, et al.; BBRC 162, 371 (1989) Abstract
Comparison of the contractile effects and binding kinetics of endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6b in rat isolated renal artery: P.S. Devadason & P.J. Henry; Br. J. Pharmacol. 121, 253 (1997) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • Other Toxins
 
 
ALX-167-002 Revised 25-Sep-07
Sarafotoxin S6c
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Endothelins [ETs] & Endothelin Receptors / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-167-002-PC01   0.1 mg* 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-167-002-PC05   0.5 mg* 280.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-167-002-P001   1 mg* 530.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SEQUENCE: H-Cys-Thr-Cys-Asn-Asp-Met-Thr-Asp-Glu-Glu-Cys-Leu-Asn-Phe-Cys-His-Gln-Asp-Val-Ile-Trp-OH
(Disulfide bonds between Cys1-Cys15 and Cys3-Cys11)
FORMULA: C103H147N27O37S5
MW: 2515.8
CAS NUMBER: 121695-87-2
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic. Originally isolated from Atractaspis engaddensis.
QUANTITY: *Sold as net peptide weight.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White lyophilized powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 5% acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
Product Description
Potent vasoconstrictor peptide. Causes hydrolysis of phosphoinositides in atrial and brain membranes.
Product Specific Literature References
Sarafotoxins S6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis (burrowing asp) venom that affect the heart: C. Takasaki, et al.; Toxicon 26, 543 (1988) Abstract
Sarafotoxin S6c is a relatively weak displacer of specifically bound 125I-endothelin: W.G. Nayler, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 89 (1989) Abstract
Sarafotoxin S6c: an agonist which distinguishes between endothelin receptor subtypes: D.L. Williams, Jr., et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175, 556 (1991) Abstract
Endothelium-dependent modulation of venoconstriction to sarafotoxin S6c in human veins in vivo: F.E. Strachan, et al.; J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 26 Suppl. 3, S180 (1995) Abstract
Simultaneous changes in intracellular calcium and tension induced by endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6c in guinea pig isolated gallbladder: influence of indomethacin: A.M. Cardozo, et al.; Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 80, 458 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Peptides • Other Toxins
 
 
ALX-201-294 Revised 06-Aug-08 New product
SpvB (Salmonella enterica) (recombinant) (His)
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PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases / Related Products
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ALX-201-294-C010   10 µg 270.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST: Produced in E. coli. Salmonella enterica SpvB is fused at the C-terminus to a His-tag.
CONCENTRATION: 0.5mg/ml
PURITY: ≥98%
PURITY DETAIL: Affinity purified
FORMULATION: Liquid. In PBS containing 50% glycerol.
APPLICATION: Functional application (1:10-1:100): ADP-ribosylation of cytoskeletal actin on R177
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
The spvB gene-product of the Salmonella enterica virulence plasmid is a mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase: H. Otto, et al.; Mol. Microbiol. 37, 1106 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Salmonella enterica SpvB ADP-ribosylates actin at position arginine-177-characterization of the catalytic domain within the SpvB protein and a comparison to binary clostridial actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins: H. Hochmann, et al.; Biochemistry 45, 1271 (2006) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link Q4L1X7: SpvB (salmonella enterica)
General Literature References
Functional aspects of protein mono-ADP-ribosylation: D. Corda & M. Di Girolamo; EMBO J. 22, 1953 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Targeting of the actin cytoskeleton during infection by Salmonella strains: D.G. Guiney & M. Lesnick; Clin. Immunol. 114, 248 (2005) Abstract
A steric antagonism of actin polymerization by a salmonella virulence protein: S.M. Margarit, et al.; Structure 14, 1219 (2006) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Recombinant Proteins / Fusion Proteins • Actin / Related Products • Other Toxins
 
 
ALX-270-047 Revised 26-Sep-07
Aristolochic acid
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SYNONYMS 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H11NO7
MW: 341.3
CAS NUMBER: 313-67-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 786
RTECS: CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY: ≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA2 activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Alkaloids • Other Toxins
 
 
ALX-270-109 Revised 14-Apr-08
Ophiobolin A
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SYNONYMS Cochliobolin A
Ophiobalin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-109-MC01   0.1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-109-M001   1 mg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C25H36O4
MW: 400.6
CAS NUMBER: 4611-05-6
RTECS: RL1576000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Cell permeable antagonist of calmodulin. Inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. Inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Exhibits antibacterial, antitumor and nematocidal activities. Phytotoxic.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of ophiobolin, a C25 terpenoid having a novel skeleton: S. Nozoe, et al.; JACS 87, 4968 (1965) Abstract
The constitution of cochliobolin: L. Canonica, et al.; THL 7, 1211 (1966)
Ophiobolin A. A natural product inhibitor of calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2742 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Role of Calmodulin Inhibition in the Mode of Action of Ophiobolin A: P.C. Leung, et al.; Plant Physiol. 77, 303 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the interaction of ophiobolin A and calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. 20, 1351 (1988) Abstract
Microbial metabolites of ophiobolin A and antimicrobial evaluation of ophiobolins: E. Li, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 58, 74 (1995) Abstract
The biology of ophiobolins: T.K. Au, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 733 (2000), Review Abstract
Calmodulin and lipid binding to synaptobrevin regulates calcium-dependent exocytosis: S. Quetglas, et al.; EMBO J. 21, 3970 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Herbicidal potential of ophiobolins produced by Drechslera gigantea: A. Evidente, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1779 (2006) Abstract
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by terpenoids contained in herbal medicines and natural products: N. Yoshida, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 2033 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calmodulin Inhibitors • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • P-glycoprotein [Pgp] / Related Products • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Other Toxins
 
 
ALX-270-111 Revised 31-Jul-08
Patulin
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SYNONYMS 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one
Clairformin
Clavacin
Clavatin
Claviformin
Leucopin
Mycoin C3
Mycosin
Penicidin
Terinin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M001   1 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M005   5 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-111-M025   25 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H6O4
MW: 154.1
CAS NUMBER: 149-29-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7053
RTECS: LV2625000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, ethyl acetate or DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description
Inhibitor of protein farnesylation in a cell free assay. Inhibits incorporation of tritiated mevalonate into proteins in whole cells. Mycotoxin with anti-bacterial, potassium uptake inhibitory and possibly carcinogenic activities. Known contaminant of spoiled apples.
Product Specific Literature References
M. Birkinshaw, et al.; Lancet 245, 625 (1943)
J. Kahn; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 121, 234 (1957)
IARC Monographs 10, 205 (1976)
Chronology of patulin-induced alterations in membrane function of cultured renal cells, LLC-PK: R.T. Riley, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 102, 128 (1990) Abstract
Inhibition of protein prenylation by patulin: S. Miura, et al.; FEBS Lett. 318, 88 (1993) Abstract
Aneuploidogenic and clastogenic potential of the mycotoxins citrinin and patulin: E. Pfeiffer, et al.; Carcinogenesis 19, 1313 (1998) Abstract
Hplc detection of patulin in apple juice with GC/MS confirmation of patulin identity: J.A. Roach, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 504, 135 (2002), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Pro