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ALX-385-001 Revised 08-Apr-08
Quercetin . dihydrate
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SYNONYMS 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone . 2H2O
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavonoids / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-385-001-G005   5 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-385-001-G025   25 g 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10O7 . 2H2O
MW: 302.2 . 36.0
CAS NUMBER: 6151-25-3
MERCK INDEX: 14: 8034
RTECS: LK8950000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Sophora japonica L.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder with a green or brown cast.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or 1M sodium hydroxide; almost insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE MUTAGENIC. TOXIC.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase, cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases. Inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C (PKC). Induces apoptosis. Blocks cells at the G0/G1 interface. Activator of human deacetylase SIRT1. Reversible inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Inhibits the production of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-12 in activated macrophages.
Product Specific Literature References
Effects of quercetin and F1 inhibitor on mitochondrial ATPase and energy-linked reactions in submitochondrial particles: D.R. Lang & E. Racker; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 180 (1974)
Flavonoid compounds are potent inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase: A. Beretz, et al.; Experientia 34, 1054 (1978) Abstract
Flavonoids are selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors: M. Ruckstuhl, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 28, 535 (1979) Abstract
The effect of quercetin on the phosphorylation activity of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene product in vitro and in vivo: Y. Graziani, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 135, 583 (1983) Abstract
Inhibition of the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity from mouse brain cytosol by quercetin: M. Gschwendt, et al.; BBRC 117, 444 (1983) Abstract
Tyrosine protein kinase activity in the DMBA-induced rat mammary tumor: inhibition by quercetin: J. Levy, et al.; BBRC 123, 1227 (1984) Abstract
The phospholipid- and calcium-dependent protein kinase as a target in tumor chemotherapy: H. Grunicke, et al.; Adv. Enzyme Regul. 28, 201 (1989) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by quercetin: involvement of heat shock protein: Y.Q. Wei, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 4952 (1994) Abstract
Multiple effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on vascular smooth muscle contraction: C.M. Filipeanu, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 281, 29 (1995) Abstract
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Molecular mechanisms in the antiproliferative action of quercetin: B. Csokay, et al.; Life Sci. 60, 2157 (1997) Abstract
Modulation of the heat-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by quercetin: Y. Nagasaka & K. Nakamura; Biochem. Pharmacol. 56, 1151 (1998) Abstract
Quercetin-induced apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells: possible role of EGF receptor signaling: M. Richter, et al.; Nutr. Cancer 34, 88 (1999) Abstract
Quercetin and anti-CD95(Fas/Apo1) enhance apoptosis in HPB-ALL cell line: M. Russo, et al.; FEBS Lett. 462, 322 (1999) Abstract
The effect of quercetin on induction of apoptosis: J. Rzymowska, et al.; Folia Histochem. Cytobiol. 37, 125 (1999) Abstract
Quercetin, coenzyme Q10, and L-canavanine as protective agents against lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide generation in endotoxin-induced shock in rat brain: H.M. Abd El-Gawad & A.E. Khalifa; Pharmacol. Res. 43, 257 (2001) Abstract
Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan: K.T. Howitz, et al.; Nature 425, 191 (2003)
Presence of fatty acid synthase inhibitors in the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum hance: B.H. Li and W.X. Tian; J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 18, 349 (2003) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids isolated from Waltheria indica on the production of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in activated macrophages: Y.K. Rao, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 912 (2005) Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed endogenous fatty acid biogenesis: a new family of anti-cancer agents?: R. Lupu & J. A. Menendez; Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 7, 483 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Onions: a source of unique dietary flavonoids: R. Slimestad, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 10067 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PKC Inhibitors • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors • Fatty Acid Synthase [FAS] / Related Products • Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents
 
 
ALX-385-005 Revised 21-May-08
Kaempferol
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SYNONYMS 3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavonoids / Related Products
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ALX-385-005-M010   10 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-385-005-M050   50 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10O6
MW: 286.2
CAS NUMBER: 520-18-3
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5274
RTECS: LK9275200
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ether or 100% ethanol (hot); slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Apoptosis inducer. Reversible inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS).
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Presence of fatty acid synthase inhibitors in the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum hance: B.H. Li & W.X. Tian; J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 18, 349 (2003) Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed endogenous fatty acid biogenesis: a new family of anti-cancer agents?: R. Lupu & J. A. Menendez; Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 7, 483 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Fatty Acid Synthase [FAS] / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents
 
 
ALX-385-007 Revised 07-Apr-08
Luteolin
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SYNONYMS 3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavonoids / Related Products
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ALX-385-007-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-385-007-M050   50 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10O6
MW: 286.2
CAS NUMBER: 491-70-3
MERCK INDEX: 14: 5614
RTECS: LK9275210
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol, alkaline solutions; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Inhibitor of the catalytic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K), whereas inhibition of PI(3)K by luteolin affects apoptosis via PI(3)K/Akt (protein kinase B; PKB) pathways and antimitotic effects via PI(3)K/p70S6K pathways. Inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Apoptosis inducer.
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Luteolin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis; inhibition of endothelial cell survival and proliferation by targeting phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity: E. Bagli, et al.; Cancer Res. 64, 7936 (2004)
Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety: J.A. Ross & C.M. Kasum; Annu. Rev. Nutr. 221, 19 (2002), (Review) Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed endogenous fatty acid biogenesis: a new family of anti-cancer agents?: R. Lupu & J. A. Menendez; Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 7, 483 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research • Fatty Acid Synthase [FAS] / Related Products • Free Radical Scavengers • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI(3)K] / Related Products • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-340-039 Revised 05-Feb-05
MEDICA 16
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SYNONYMS 3,3,14,14-Tetramethylhexadecanedioic acid
PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products
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ALX-340-039-M005   5 mg 92.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H38O4
MW: 342.5
CAS NUMBER: 87272-20-6
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: 100mg/ml soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol. Slightly soluble in aqueous buffers.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Hypolipidemic and antidiabetic agent, shown to reduce adiposity. Induces malic enzyme, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase I. Inhibitor of citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, expected to disinhibit hepatic fatty acid oxidation while up-regulating electron shuttle mechanism, and thus should stimulate reverse electron transport. Exhibits thyromimetic properties with respect to the modulation of rat liver redox and phosphate potentials.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of lipid synthesis by beta beta'-tetramethyl-substituted, C14-C22, alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids in the rat in vivo: J. Bar-Tana, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 8404 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
The hypochylomicronemic effect of beta,beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) is mediated by a decrease in apolipoprotein C-III: B. Frenkel, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8491 (1988) Abstract; Full Text
Adipose reduction by beta,beta'-tetramethyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16): R. Tzur, et al.; Int. J. Obes. 13, 313 (1989), Review Abstract
Inhibition of rat liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase by beta, beta'-tetramethyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16): G. Rose-Kahn & J. Bar-Tana; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1042, 259 (1990) Abstract
Hypolipidemic effect of beta, beta'-tetramethyl hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) in hyperlipidemic JCR:LA-corpulent rats: J.C. Russell, et al.; Arterioscler. Thromb. 11, 602 (1991) Abstract
Tissue selective modulation of redox and phosphate potentials by beta,beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid: B. Kalderon, et al.; Endocrinology 131, 1629 (1992) Abstract
Mode of action of peroxisome proliferators as hypolipidemic drugs. Suppression of apolipoprotein C-III: R. Hertz, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13470 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Sensitization to insulin induced by beta,beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) in obese Zucker rats in vivo: N. Mayorek, et al.; Diabetes 46, 1958 (1997) Abstract
Mitochondria uncoupling by a long chain fatty acyl analogue: O. Hermesh, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3937 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Development of insulin resistance in the JCR:LA-cp rat: role of triacylglycerols and effects of MEDICA 16: J.C. Russell, et al.; Diabetes 47, 770 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Peroxisome proliferators as adjuvants for the reverse-electron-transport therapy of obesity: an explanation for the large increase in metabolic rate of MEDICA 16-treated rats: M.F. McCarty; Med. Hypotheses 53, 272 (1999) Abstract
Mitochondrial protonophoric activity induced by a thyromimetic fatty acid analogue: O. Hermesh, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1457, 166 (2000) Abstract
Fatty acid cycling in the fasting rat: B. Kalderon, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279, E221 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
MEDICA 16 inhibits hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and reduces plasma triacylglycerol levels in insulin-resistant JCR: LA-cp rats: L.L. Atkinson, et al.; Diabetes 51, 1548 (2002) Abstract
Genotoxicity of streptozotocin: A.D. Bolzan and M.S. Bianchi; Mutat. Res. 512, 121 (2002), (Review) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-094 Revised 24-Jul-08
Berberine . hemisulfate
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SYNONYMS Natural Yellow 18
5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity
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ALX-350-094-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H18NO4 . 0.5SO4
MW: 336.4 . 48.0
CAS NUMBER: 633-66-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1154
RTECS: DR9867000
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: 50mg/ml soluble in methanol:water 2:1.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC.
IDENTITY: Determined by IR: Identical to standard reference.

Product Description
Alkaloid which exhibits relatively weak antibiotic properties, because of its efflux by multidrug resistance pumps. The antimicrobial action of berberine is potentiated by 5’-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor. Lowers cholesterol levels through a mechanism different from that of statins. Upregulates the expression of liver low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) resulting in improved clearance of plasma LDL cholesterol through receptor mediated endocytosis. Possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-angiogenic effects. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Berberine sulfate: antimicrobial activity, bioassay, and mode of action: A.H. Amin, et al.; Can. J. Microbiol. 15, 1067 (1969) Abstract
Bacteria lacking a multidrug pump: a sensitive tool for drug discovery: P.C. Hsieh, et al.; PNAS 95, 6602 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Synergy in a medicinal plant: antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5’-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor: F.R. Stermitz, et al.; PNAS 97, 1433 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins: W. Kong, et al.; Nat. Med. 10, 1344 (2004) Abstract
The anti-inflammatory potential of berberine in vitro and in vivo: C.L. Kuo, et al.; Cancer Lett. 203, 127 (2004) Abstract
Therapeutic effects of berberine in impaired glucose tolerance rats and its influence on insulin secretion: S.H. Leng, et al.; Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 25, 496 (2004) Abstract
Berberine inhibits HIF-1alpha expression via enhanced proteolysis: S. Lin, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 612 (2004) Abstract
Apoptosis of human leukemia HL-60 cells and murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells induced by berberine through the activation of caspase-3: C.C. Lin, et al.; Anticancer Res. 26, 227 (2006) Abstract
Berberine acutely inhibits insulin secretion from beta cells through cAMP signaling pathway: L. Zhou, et al.; Endocrinology (2008) Abstract
Berberine modifies cysteine 179 of IkappaBalpha kinase, suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated antiapoptotic gene products, and potentiates apoptosis.: M.K. Pandey, et al.; Cancer Res. 68, 5370 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products • Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-134 Revised 28-May-08
Pyripyropene A
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SYNONYMS (+)-Pyripyropene A
PPPA
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products
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ALX-350-134-C500   500 µg 190.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C31H37NO10
MW: 583.6
CAS NUMBER: 147444-03-9
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water or hexane.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Highly specific inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2).
Product Specific Literature References
Pyripyropenes, highly potent inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Aspergillus fumigatus: S. Omura, et al.; J. Antibiot. 46, 1168 (1993) Abstract
Pyripyropenes, novel inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Aspergillus fumigatus. I. Production, isolation, and biological properties: H. Tomoda, et al.; J. Antibiot. 47, 148 (1994) Abstract
Pyripyropenes, novel inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Aspergillus fumigatus. II. Structure elucidation of pyripyropenes A, B, C and D: Y.K. Kim, et al.; J. Antibiot. 47, 154 (1994) Abstract
Aflavinines and other antiinsectan metabolites from the ascostromata of Eupenicillium crustaceum and related species: H.J. Wang, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61, 4429 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
Total Synthesis of (+)-Pyripyropene A, a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of
Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase: T. Nagamitsu, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 60, 8126 (1995)
Biosynthesis of Pyripyropene A: H. Tomoda, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 61, 882 (1996)
Meroterpenoids with various biological activities produced by fungi: K. Shiomi, et al.; Pure Appl. Chem. 71, 1059 (1999) Full Text
A formal synthesis of (+)-pyripyropene A using a biomimetic epoxy-olefin cyclisation: effect of epoxy alcohol/ether on cyclisation efficiency: V.K. Aggarwal, et al.; J. Chem. Soc. 3315 (1999) Full Text
Mass-production of human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 to screen isoform-specific inhibitor: a different substrate specificity and inhibitory regulation: K.H. Cho, et al.; BBRC 309, 864 (2003) Abstract
Identification of ACAT1- and ACAT2-specific inhibitors using a novel, cell-based fluorescence assay: individual ACAT uniqueness: A.T. Lada, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 45, 378 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
ACAT2 is localized to hepatocytes and is the major cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in human liver: P. Parini, et al.; Circulation 110, 2017 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Exploiting PdII and TiIII chemistry to obtain gamma-dioxygenated terpenoids: synthesis of rostratone and novel approaches to aphidicolin and pyripyropene A: J. Justicia, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 70, 8265 (2005) Abstract
Total synthesis of alpha-pyrone meroterpenoids, novel bioactive microbial metabolites: T. Sunazuka and S. Omura; Chem. Rev. 105, 4559 (2005) Abstract
Potential therapeutics for obesity and atherosclerosis: inhibitors of neutral lipid metabolism from microorganisms: H. Tomoda & S. Omura; Pharmacol. Ther. 115, 375 (2007) Abstract
General Information
MANUFACTURER Fungal strain courtesy of The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-151 Revised 21-May-08
Agistatine B
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products
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ALX-350-151-M001   1 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-151-M005   5 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H18O4
MW: 214.3
CAS NUMBER: 144096-46-8
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from fungus FH-A 6239.
PURITY: ≥98% (1H-NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol, DMSO or acetone.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
A tricyclic analog of agistatine A, which has been described as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis.
Product Specific Literature References
Secondary Metabolites by Chemical Screening, 29: A. Zeeck, et al.; Liebigs Ann. 627 (1996)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products
 
 
ALX-370-009 Revised 26-Jun-06
Cholesterol 3-sulfate . sodium salt
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PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products
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ALX-370-009-M005   5 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-370-009-M025   25 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H45O4S . Na
MW: 465.7 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER: 2864-50-8
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Activates multiple protein kinase C (PKC) iso-enzymes, especially the ε, η and ζ isoforms.
Product Specific Literature References
Cholesterol sulfate, a novel activator for the eta isoform of protein kinase C: T. Ikuta, et al.; Cell Growth Differentiation 5, 943 (1994) Abstract
Cholesterol sulfate activates multiple protein kinase C isoenzymes and induces granular cell differentiation in cultured murine keratinocytes: M.F. Denning, et al.; Cell Growth Differentiation 6, 1619 (1995) Abstract