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Obesity & Adipokines
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ALX-270-256 Revised 28-Apr-05
Clofibrate
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SYNONYMS 2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PPAR Agonists
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-256-M500   500 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-256-G001   1 g 25.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C12H15ClO3
MW: 242.7
CAS NUMBER: 637-07-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2377
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Colorless oil.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
USE/STABILITY: Solutions are stable for up to 6 months when stored at –20°C.

Product Description
Activates PPARα and induces cytochrome P450 4A1 and 4A3.
Product Specific Literature References
Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor: M. Göttlicher, et al.; PNAS 89, 4653 (1992) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Cytochrome P450 [CYP450] / Related Products • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-264 Revised 17-Apr-08
Carnosic acid
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-270-264-M010   10 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-264-M050   50 mg 140.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H28O4
MW: 332.4
CAS NUMBER: 3650-09-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Naturally occurring phenolic compound with antioxidant properties. Inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by NADH or NADPH oxidation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator. Anti-inflammatory. Antimicrobial.
Product Specific Literature References
Antioxidative constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. II. Isolation of carnosic acid and formation of other phenolic diterpenes: K. Schwarz & W. Ternes; Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 195, 99 (1992) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid: O.I. Aruoma, et al.; Xenobiotica 22, 257 (1992) Abstract
Radical intermediates and antioxidants: an ESR study of radicals formed on carnosic acid in the presence of oxidized lipids: M. Geoffroy, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 21, 247 (1994) Abstract
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and superoxide generation by diterpenoids from Rosmarinus officinalis: H. Haraguchi, et al.; Planta Med. 61, 333 (1995) Abstract
Rosemary components inhibit benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity in human bronchial cells: E.A. Offord, et al.; Carcinogenesis 16, 2057 (1995) Abstract
Chemiluminescence determination of the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of RoseOx and carnosic acid: A.I. Kuzmenko, et al.; J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 48, 63 (1999) Abstract
Carnosic acid and carnosol, phenolic diterpene compounds of the labiate herbs rosemary and sage, are activators of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: O. Rau, et al.; Planta Med. 72, 881 (2006) Abstract
Potentiation of antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides by carnosol from Salvia officinalis: K. Horiuchi, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30, 287 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • PPAR Agonists
 
 
ALX-270-355 Revised 14-Sep-07
Troglitazone
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SYNONYMS 5-[[4-[(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PPAR Agonists
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ALX-270-355-M001   1 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-355-M005   5 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C24H27NO5S
MW: 441.5
CAS NUMBER: 97322-87-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9769
RTECS: XJ5813130
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to beige solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Potent and selective PPARγ ligand. Binds to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain and recruits ligand-specific transcriptional coactivators at 1µM [1]. In skeletal muscle and adipocyte cell cultures, the EC50 of troglitazone is about 10µM [2].
Product Specific Literature References
[1] Ligand type-specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma with transcriptional coactivators: Y. Kodera, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33201 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
[2] Enhancing effect of troglitazone on porcine adipocyte differentiation in primary culture: a comparison with dexamethasone: Y.D. Tchoukalova, et al.; Obes. Res. 8, 664 (2000) Abstract
[3] 15-Deoxy-{delta}12,14-prostaglandin j2 inhibits interleukin-1{beta}-induced nuclear factor-{kappa}b in human amnion and myometrial cells: mechanisms and implications: T.M. Lindström & P.R. Bennett; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 3534 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Troglitazone is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, troglitazone should first be dissolved in DMSO and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice. Troglitazone has a solubility of 100µg/ml in a 1:6 solution of DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
General Literature References
[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents: B.C. Cantello, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 37, 3977 (1994) Abstract
An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma): J.M. Lehmann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12953 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 665 (1996) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products • Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-367 Revised 25-Jul-07
Pioglitazone
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SYNONYMS 5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PPAR Agonists
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ALX-270-367-M001   1 mg 48.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-367-M005   5 mg 190.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H20N2O3S
MW: 356.4
CAS NUMBER: 111025-46-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7452
PURITY: ≥98% (1H-NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (2.5mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (2.5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Pioglitazone selectively activates PPARγ-1. It is about one tenth as potent as rosiglitazone (EC50~500nM for human and mouse PPARγ). In a transactivation assay using COS-1 cells transfected with full length human PPARα and RXRα, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone exhibit low level activation of PPARα at 1µM and 5.4- and 4.2-fold activation, respectively, at a concentration of 10µM.

Not sold in the US.
Product Specific Literature References
[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents: B.C. Cantello, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 37, 3977 (1994) Abstract
An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma): J.M. Lehmann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12953 (1995) Abstract; Full Text
The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 39, 665 (1996) Abstract
Activation of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes by pioglitazone: J. Sakamoto, et al.; BBRC 278, 704 (2000) Abstract
The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery: T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 43, 527 (2000) Abstract
General Information
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a group of structurally related PPARγ agonists with anti-diabetic actions in vivo. Rosiglitazone (Prod. No. ALX-350-103) is a prototypical TZD and has served as a reference compound for this class of PPARγ ligands.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-475 Revised 17-Jan-08
Ciprofibrate
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SYNONYMS 2-[4-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid
PRODUCT LINE Obesity & Adipokines
PRODUCT CATEGORY Cholesterol & Lipid Transport / Related Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-475-M025   25 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-475-M100   100 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-475-M250   250 mg 300.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H14Cl2O3
MW: 289.2
CAS NUMBER: 52214-84-3
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2313
RTECS: UF0880000
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
Hypolipidemic compound. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) agonist.
Product Specific Literature References
Comparison of the effects of various peroxisome proliferators on peroxisomal enzyme activities, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis in rat and human hepatocyte cultures: V. Goll, et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 160, 21 (1999) Abstract
Phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in rat Fao cells and stimulation by ciprofibrate: P. Passilly, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 58, 1001 (1999) Abstract
Differences in cell proliferation in rodent and human hepatic derived cell lines exposed to ciprofibrate: M.C. Clemencet, et al.; Cancer Lett. 222, 217 (2005) Abstract
P450 CYP2C epoxygenase and CYP4A ω-hydroxylase mediate ciprofibrate-induced PPARα-dependent peroxisomal proliferation: A. Gatica, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 48, 924 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
PPAR Agonists • Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-481 Revised 11-Aug-08
Fenofibrate
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SYNONYMS 2-[4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy]-2-methyl-propanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester
Procetofen
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PPAR Agonists
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ALX-270-481-G005   5 g 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H21ClO4
MW: 360.8
CAS NUMBER: 49562-28-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3978
RTECS: UA2453400
PURITY: ≥98% (UPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, ether, DMSO or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Hypolipidemic compound. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) agonist (EC50=18µM for mouse and EC50=30µM for human PPARα). Also binds to PPARγ, but with at least 10-fold less affinity and is inactive at PPARδ (up to EC50=100µM).
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of membrane-bound hepatic 3 hydroxy-3 methyl glutaryl CoA reductase as the consequence of altered membrane fluidity: E. Wulfert, et al.; Artery 9, 120 (1981) Abstract
Fenofibrate protects lipoproteins from lipid peroxidation: synergistic interaction with alpha-tocopherol: E. Chaput, et al.; Lipids 34, 497 (1999) Abstract
Effects of chronic treatment with statins and fenofibrate on rat skeletal muscle: a biochemical, histological and electrophysiological study: S. Pierno, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 149, 909 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
In vitro and in vivo effects of the PPAR-alpha agonists fenofibrate and retinoic acid in endometrial cancer: S.A. Saidi, et al.; Mol. Cancer 5, 13 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate suppresses tumor growth through direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibition: D. Panigrahy, et al.; PNAS 105, 985 (2008) Abstract; Full Text
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ALX-300-150 Revised 11-Oct-07
Oleoylethanolamide
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SYNONYMS N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-9Z-octadecenamide
OEA
PRODUCT LINE Neurobiology
PRODUCT CATEGORY TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products
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ALX-300-150-M005   5 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H39NO2
MW: 325.5
CAS NUMBER: 111-58-0
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Activates TRPV1. Does not activate cannabinoid receptors (CB) but is a PPARα agonist (EC50=120nM) in vitro and in vivo; induces satiety through activation of PPARα. Inhibits ceramidase.
Product Specific Literature References
Two new unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides in brain that bind to the cannabinoid receptor: L. Hanus, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 36, 3032 (1993) Abstract
Differential regulation of sphingomyelinase and ceramidase activities by growth factors and cytokines. Implications for cellular proliferation and differentiation: E. Coroneos, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23305 (1995) Abstract
Cannabinomimetic behavioral effects of and adenylate cyclase inhibition by two new endogenous anandamides: J. Barg, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 287, 145 (1995) Abstract
A peripheral mechanism for CB1 cannabinoid receptor-dependent modulation of feeding: R. Gomez, et al.; J. Neurosci. 22, 9612 (2002) Abstract
Activation of TRPV1 by the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide: G.P. Ahern; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 30429 (2003) Abstract
Oleylethanolamide regulates feeding and body weight through activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha: J. Fu, et al.; Nature 425, 90 (2003) Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide stimulates lipolysis by activating the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha: M. Guzman, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 27849 (2004)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Anandamide & Anandamide Analogs • PPAR Agonists
 
 
ALX-300-301 Revised 08-Jul-08
PAz-PC
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SYNONYMS 1-Palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1-O-Hexadecanoyl-2-O-(9-carboxyoctanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
PRODUCT LINE DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY PPAR Agonists
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ALX-300-301-M001   1 mg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-300-301-M005   5 mg 245.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C33H64NO10P
MW: 665.8
CAS NUMBER: 117205-52-4
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (5mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (1mg/ml) or PBS, pH 7.2 (5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C. We do not recommend storing aqueous solutions for more than one day.

Product Description
Potent PPARγ receptor agonist which competes for the thiazoladinedione binding site. More potent than 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (Prod. No. ALX-340-022), and equipotent with rosiglitazone as a ligand for this receptor. Confers CD36 scavenger receptor binding affinity to LDL and may be one of the important structural determinants of oxLDL.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidized alkyl phospholipids are specific, high affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands and agonists: S.S. Davies, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 16015 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phospholipids / Related Products
 
 
ALX-301-013 Revised 08-Jul-08
Azelaoyl-PAF
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SYNONYMS 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-(9-carboxyoctanoyl)-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphocholine
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Platelet Activating Factors [PAF] & Receptors / Related Products
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ALX-301-013-M001   1 mg 58.00 USD