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ALX-270-367
Revised 25-Jul-07
Pioglitazone
SYNONYMS
5-[[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl-2,4-thiazolidinedione
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Agonists
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-270-367-M001
1 mg
48.00 USD
ALX-270-367-M005
5 mg
190.00 USD
Product Specification
FORMULA:
C
19
H
20
N
2
O
3
S
MW:
356.4
CAS NUMBER:
111025-46-8
MERCK INDEX:
14:
7452
PURITY:
≥98% (
1
H-NMR)
APPEARANCE:
White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:
Soluble in DMSO (2.5mg/ml) or dimethyl formamide (2.5mg/ml).
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
Product Description
Pioglitazone selectively activates PPARγ-1. It is about one tenth as potent as rosiglitazone
(EC
50
~500nM for human and mouse PPARγ). In a transactivation assay using COS-1 cells transfected with full length human PPARα and RXRα, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone exhibit low level activation of PPARα at 1µM and 5.4- and 4.2-fold activation, respectively, at a concentration of 10µM.
Not sold in the US.
Product Specific Literature References
[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents
:
B.C. Cantello, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
37
, 3977 (1994)
Abstract
An antidiabetic thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma)
:
J.M. Lehmann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
270
, 12953 (1995)
Abstract
;
Full Text
The structure-activity relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism and the antihyperglycemic activity of thiazolidinediones
:
T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
39
, 665 (1996)
Abstract
Activation of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes by pioglitazone
:
J. Sakamoto, et al.; BBRC
278
, 704 (2000)
Abstract
The PPARs: from orphan receptors to drug discovery
:
T.M. Willson, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
43
, 527 (2000)
Abstract
General Information
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a group of structurally related PPARγ agonists with anti-diabetic actions in vivo. Rosiglitazone (Prod. No.
ALX-350-103
) is a prototypical TZD and has served as a reference compound for this class of PPARγ ligands.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antidiabetic Agents / Related Products
ALX-210-261
Revised 25-Jun-08
Polyclonal Antibody to MCAD
SYNONYMS
anti-Medium-chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Other Products
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-261-1
1 Vial
313.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
Sheep
Pig
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION:
0.6mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:
Affinity purified.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In 500μl TBS, pH 7.4, containing 50% glycerol, 0.5mg/ml BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Recombinant human MCAD (medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase).
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes human, mouse, pig and sheep MCAD. Detects a band of ~43kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:
Western Blot (1:200)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
Product Specific Literature References
The tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation of two nuclear genes encoding rat mitochondrial proteins. Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase:
D.P. Kelly, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
264
, 18921 (1989)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart:
M.N. Sack, et al.; Circulation
94
, 2837 (1996)
Abstract
;
Full Text
A role for estrogen-related receptor alpha in the control of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation during brown adipocyte differentiation:
R.B. Vega & D.P. Kelly; J. Biol. Chem.
272
, 31693 (1997)
Abstract
;
Full Text
A role for Sp and nuclear receptor transcription factors in a cardiac hypertrophic growth program:
M.N. Sack, et al.; PNAS
94
, 6438 (1997)
Abstract
;
Full Text
General Information
Medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. MCAD expression is induced during periods of fasting, when reliance on fatty acids for energy is increased [1,2]. The promoter for MCAD contains a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and is regulated transcriptionally by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis [1,3,4]. Because of this, MCAD expression can be used as a marker to evaluate the
in vivo
activity of PPARα [1,2]. Human MCAD is approximately 87% homologous to pig and rat MCAD, respectively [5, 6]. MCAD is expressed in liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle.
General Literature References
[1]
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative enzyme gene expression
:
T. Gulick, et al.; PNAS
91
, 11012 (1994)
Abstract
;
Full Text
[2]
A critical role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in the cellular fasting response: the PPARalpha-null mouse as a model of fatty acid oxidation disorders
:
T.C. Leone, et al.; PNAS
96
, 7473 (1999)
Abstract
;
Full Text
[3]
A pleiotropic element in the medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene promoter mediates transcriptional regulation by multiple nuclear receptor transcription factors and defines novel receptor-DNA binding motifs
:
M.E. Carter, et al.; Mol. Cell. Biol.
14
, 4360 (1994)
Abstract
[4]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology
:
T. Lemberger, et al.; Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.
12
, 335 (1996), (Review)
Abstract
[5]
Nucleotide sequence of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNA and its expression in enzyme-deficient human tissue
:
D.P. Kelly, et al.; PNAS
84
, 4068 (1987)
Abstract
[6]
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the entire precursor of rat liver medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
:
Y. Matsubara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem.
262
, 10104 (1987)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-117
Revised 24-Feb-05
Polyclonal Antibody to PPAR
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-117-R100
100 µl
379.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
Rat
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Antiserum diluted in PBS containing 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 484-498 (I
484
KKTETDMSLHPLLQ
498
) of the C-terminal domain of rat PPARγ2 (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ2). This sequence is completely conserved in human, mouse, rat, bovine, chicken and pig PPARγ1, PPARα and NUC1.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse and rat PPARγ2. Detects a band of ~55 kDa by Western blot. Cross-reacts with recombinant rat PPARα in Western blot and recombinant mouse PPARγ1 in immunoprecipitation.
APPLICATION:
Gel Supershift Assay
Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1:2'000)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
Product Specific Literature References
mPPAR gamma 2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer:
P. Tontonoz, et al.; Genes Dev.
8
, 1224 (1994)
Abstract
Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat
:
O. Braissant, et al.; Endocrinology
137
, 354 (1996)
Abstract
MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells contain a functional peroxisomal response
:
M.W. Kilgore, et al.; Mol. Cell Endocrinol.
129
, 229 (1997)
Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-190/1
Revised 25-Aug-08
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARα (mouse)
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α (mouse) PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-190/1-R100
100 µl
379.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION:
1mg/ml.
PURITY DETAIL:
Epitope-affinity purified IgG.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 1-18 (M
1
VDTESPICP
LSPLEADD
18
) of mouse PPARα
(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α). A single aa substitution (I
8
to L
8
) exists between the mouse and human protein.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse PPARα. Detects a band of ~52kDa by Western blot. Does not cross-react with PPARδ or PPARγ.
APPLICATION:
Immunocytochemistry (1:100)
Immunoprecipitation
Western Blot (1:1’000)
Functional Application (inhibits PPARα DNA binding)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
BLOCKING PEPTIDE:
For Blocking Peptide see Prod. No.
ALX-165-029
.
Related Products
ALX-165-029
Blocking Peptide for PAb to PPARα (mouse) (Prod. No.
ALX-210-190/1
)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-361
Revised 26-Feb-07
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARα (mouse) (phosphorylated) (pSer12)
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α (mouse (phosphorylated) (pSer
12
) PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-361-C100
100 µg
385.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
PURITY DETAIL:
Epitope-affinity purified IgG.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In PBS contanining 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 8-19 (I
8
CPLpSPLEADDL
19
) of mouse PPARα (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α) phosphorylated at Ser
12
.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse PPARα phosphorylated at Ser
12
. Detects a band of ~52 kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:
Western Blot (2µg/ml)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
BLOCKING PEPTIDE:
For Blocking Peptide see Prod. No.
ALX-165-055
.
Product Specific Literature References
MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells contain a functional peroxisomal response
:
M.W. Kilgore, et al.; Mol. Cell Endocrinol.
129
, 229 (1997)
Abstract
Diverse signaling pathways modulate nuclear receptor recruitment of N-CoR and SMRT complexes
:
R.M. Lavinsky, et al.; PNAS
95
, 2920 (1998)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Related Products
ALX-165-055
Blocking Peptide for PAb to PPARα (mouse) (phosphorylated) (pSer
12
) (Prod. No.
ALX-210-361
)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phospho-specific Antibodies
•
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-362
Revised 09-Feb-05
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARα (mouse) (phosphorylated) (pSer21)
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α (mouse) (phosphorylated) (pSer
21
) PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-362-C100
100 µg
385.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Epitope affinity purified IgG in PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 14-25 (L
14
EADDLEpSPLSE
25
) of mouse PPARα (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α) phosphorylated at Ser
21
.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse PPARα phosphorylated at Ser
21
. Detects a band of ~52kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:
Western Blot (2µg/ml)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
BLOCKING PEPTIDE:
For Blocking Peptide see Prod. No.
ALX-165-056
.
Product Specific Literature References
MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells contain a functional peroxisomal response
:
M.W. Kilgore, et al.; Mol. Cell Endocrinol.
129
, 229 (1997)
Abstract
Diverse signaling pathways modulate nuclear receptor recruitment of N-CoR and SMRT complexes
:
R.M. Lavinsky, et al.; PNAS
95
, 2920 (1998)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Related Products
ALX-165-056
Blocking Peptide for PAb to PPARα
(mouse) (phosphorylated) (pSer
21
)
(Prod. No.
ALX-210-362
)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phospho-specific Antibodies
•
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-225
Revised 24-Feb-06
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARγ
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-225-1
1 Vial
412.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Human
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION:
PURITY DETAIL:
Affinity purified IgG.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In TBS, pH 7.4, containing 50% glycerol, 0.5mg/ml BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 82-101 (P
82
ASPPYYSEKTQLYNKPHEE
101
) of human PPARγ1
(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor g1)
and to
aa 110-129 of human PPARγ
2.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes human and mouse PPARγ1 and PPARγ2. Detects bands of ~53kDa and ~57kDa by Western blot.
APPLICATION:
Immunohistochemistry (1:200)
Immunoprecipitation (5µg per reaction)
Western Blot
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
USE/STABILITY:
Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-192
Revised 12-Oct-05
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARγ2 (mouse)
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ2 (mouse) PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-192-R100
100 µl
379.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION:
1mg/ml.
PURITY DETAIL:
Epitope-affinity purified IgG.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. In PBS containing 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 1-16 (M
1
GETLGDSPIDPESDS
16
) of human PPARγ2 (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ2).
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse PPARγ2. Detects a band of ~56kDa by Western blot. Does not cross-react with PPARα or PPARδ.
APPLICATION:
Gel Supershift Assay
Immunohistochemistry (1:500)
Western Blot (1:500)
Functional Application (inhibits PPARγ2 DNA binding)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
BLOCKING PEPTIDE:
For Blocking Peptide see Prod. No.
ALX-165-031
.
Product Specific Literature References
Diverse signaling pathways modulate nuclear receptor recruitment of N-CoR and SMRT complexes
:
R.M. Lavinsky, et al.; PNAS
95
, 2920 (1998)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Delayed activation of PPARgamma by LPS and IFN-gamma attenuates the oxidative burst in macrophages
:
A.A. Von Knethen & B. Brune; FASEB J.
15
, 535 (2001)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by nitric oxide in monocytes/macrophages down-regulates p47phox and attenuates the respiratory burst
:
A. Von Knethen & B. Brune; J. Immunol.
169
, 2619 (2002)
Abstract
;
Full Text
A human peripheral blood monocyte-derived subset acts as pluripotent stem cells
:
Y. Zhao, et al.; PNAS
100
, 2426 (2003)
Abstract
;
Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-210-191/1
Revised 26-May-08
Polyclonal Antibody to PPARδ
SYNONYMS
anti-Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ PAb
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR Antibodies
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-210-191/1-R100
100 µl
379.00 USD
Product Specification
SPECIES CROSSREACTIVITY:
Mouse
SOURCE/HOST:
From rabbit.
CONCENTRATION:
1mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:
Epitope-affinity purified IgG.
FORMULATION:
Liquid. Contains 1mg/ml BSA and 0.05% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to aa 1-14 (M
1
EQPQEETPE
AREE
14
) of mouse PPARδ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ). This sequence is ~86% conserved in human PPARδ.
SPECIFICITY:
Recognizes mouse and rat PPARδ . Detects a band of ~49kDa by Western blot. Does not cross-react with PPARα or PPARγ.
APPLICATION:
Immunocytochemistry (1:100)
Immunohistochemistry (frozen sections (1:200))
Western Blot (1:500)
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
HANDLING:
Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.
BLOCKING PEPTIDE:
For Blocking Peptide see Prod. No.
ALX-165-030
.
Related Products
ALX-165-030
Blocking Peptide for PAb to PPARδ (mouse) (Prod. No.
ALX-210-191/1
)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Polyclonal Antibodies
ALX-748-003
Revised 04-Mar-05
PPARγ (human) cDNA Probe
SYNONYMS
Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor-γ (human) cDNA Probe
PRODUCT LINE
DNA Regulation / Transcription
PRODUCT CATEGORY
PPAR cDNA
Ordering Information
Product Numbers:
Format:
Size:
Unit Price:
Quantity:
Add To Cart
ALX-748-003-C002
2 µg
284.00 USD
Product Specification
SOURCE/HOST:
Derived from the cDNA library of normal human bone marrow. Has a length of ~1.2kb.
QUANTITY:
2µg of an isolated double-stranded cDNA (coding region)
PURITY:
≥98%
FORMULATION:
Solution in 100µl buffer (10mM Tris-HCl, 0.1Mm Na
2
EDTA, pH 7.5).
APPLICATION:
This probe will hybridize with the full length PPARγ sequence (1.85kbp) of most hematopoietic cell lines. The probe may be labelled by radioactive or non-radioactive compounds using random primer labeling or nick translation. For best results avoid repeated freezing and thawing of the probe solution.
SHIPPING:
SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:
-20°C
Product Description
