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Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-047 Revised 26-Sep-07
Aristolochic acid
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SYNONYMS 8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthrol(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxide-5-carboxylic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M025   25 mg 25.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-047-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C17H11NO7
MW: 341.3
CAS NUMBER: 313-67-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 786
RTECS: CF3325000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aristolochia clematis.
PURITY: ≥97% (~1:1 mixture of aristolochic acids I (A) and II (B))
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor active against the enzymes found in many snake venoms as well as those of human platelets and synovial fluids. Inhibits ionophore-stimulated PLA2 activity in human neutrophils. Has been shown to be nephropathic and carcinogenic.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of three edema-inducing phospholipase A2 enzymes from habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis) venom and their interaction with the alkaloid aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 501 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of aristolochic acid with Vipera russelli phospholipase A2: its effect on enzymatic and pathological activities: B.S. Vishwanath & T.V. Gowda; Toxicon 25, 929 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli venom with aristolochic acid: a circular dichroism study: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Toxicon 25, 939 (1987) Abstract
Edema-inducing activity of phospholipase A2 purified from human synovial fluid and inhibition by aristolochic acid: B.S. Vishwanath, et al.; Inflammation 12, 549 (1988) Abstract
Effects of aristolochic acid on phospholipase A2 activity and arachidonate metabolism of human neutrophils: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1001, 3 (1989) Abstract
Suramin alters phosphoinositide synthesis and inhibits growth factor receptor binding in HT-29 cells: R. Kopp & A. Pfeiffer; Cancer Res. 50, 6490 (1990) Abstract
The effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors aristolochic acid and PGBx on A23187-stimulated mobilization of arachidonate in human neutrophils are overcome by diacylglycerol or phorbol ester: M.D. Rosenthal, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1126, 319 (1992) Abstract
Evidence for different mechanisms involved in the formation of lyso platelet-activating factor and the calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils: J.D. Winkler, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 2055 (1992) Abstract
Selective inhibition of group II phospholipase A2 by quercetin: M. Lindahl & C. Tagesson; Inflammation 17, 573 (1993) Abstract
Detection of DNA adducts formed by aristolochic acid in renal tissue from patients with Chinese herbs nephropathy: H.H. Schmeiser, et al.; Cancer Res. 56, 2025 (1996) Abstract
Aristolochic acid and ’Chinese herbs nephropathy’: a review of the evidence to date: J.P. Cosyns; Drug Saf. 26, 33 (2003), Review Abstract
Effect of aristolochic acid on intracellular calcium concentration and its links with apoptosis in renal tubular cells: Y.H. Hsin, et al.; Apoptosis 11, 2167 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Carcinogens & Tumor Promoters Other Products • Natural Products - Other Tumor Promoters • Other Toxins • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-270-063 Revised 03-Apr-08
Cantharidin
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SYNONYMS Hexahydro-3a,7a-dimethyl-4,7-epoxyisobenzo-furan-1,3-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-063-M025   25 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-063-M100   100 mg 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H12O4
MW: 196.2
CAS NUMBER: 56-25-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1752
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone, DMSO or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Potent protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor. At higher concentrations, also inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1).
Product Specific Literature References
Partial characterization of specific cantharidin binding sites in mouse tissues: M.J. Graziano, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 33, 706 (1988) Abstract
Cantharidin-binding protein: identification as protein phosphatase 2A: Y.-M. Li and J.E. Casida; PNAS 89, 11867 (1992) Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A and its [3H]cantharidin/[3H]endothall thioanhydride binding site. Inhibitor specificity of cantharidin and ATP analogues: Y.-M. Li, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 1435 (1993) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PP2A / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-109 Revised 14-Apr-08
Ophiobolin A
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SYNONYMS Cochliobolin A
Ophiobalin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-109-MC01   0.1 mg 50.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-109-M001   1 mg 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C25H36O4
MW: 400.6
CAS NUMBER: 4611-05-6
RTECS: RL1576000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dimethyl formamide, DMSO, 100% ethanol or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Cell permeable antagonist of calmodulin. Inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. Inhibits P-glycoprotein-mediated transport. Exhibits antibacterial, antitumor and nematocidal activities. Phytotoxic.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of ophiobolin, a C25 terpenoid having a novel skeleton: S. Nozoe, et al.; JACS 87, 4968 (1965) Abstract
The constitution of cochliobolin: L. Canonica, et al.; THL 7, 1211 (1966)
Ophiobolin A. A natural product inhibitor of calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2742 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Role of Calmodulin Inhibition in the Mode of Action of Ophiobolin A: P.C. Leung, et al.; Plant Physiol. 77, 303 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Characterization of the interaction of ophiobolin A and calmodulin: P.C. Leung, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. 20, 1351 (1988) Abstract
Microbial metabolites of ophiobolin A and antimicrobial evaluation of ophiobolins: E. Li, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 58, 74 (1995) Abstract
The biology of ophiobolins: T.K. Au, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 733 (2000), Review Abstract
Calmodulin and lipid binding to synaptobrevin regulates calcium-dependent exocytosis: S. Quetglas, et al.; EMBO J. 21, 3970 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Herbicidal potential of ophiobolins produced by Drechslera gigantea: A. Evidente, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1779 (2006) Abstract
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by terpenoids contained in herbal medicines and natural products: N. Yoshida, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 2033 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calmodulin Inhibitors • Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • P-glycoprotein [Pgp] / Related Products • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Other Toxins • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
 
 
ALX-270-110 Revised 20-Jun-08
Papaverine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-[(3',4'-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-110-G005   5 g 22.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H21NO4 . HCl
MW: 339.4 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 61-25-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7019
RTECS: NW8575000
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol; slightly soluble in water (25mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description

Originally isolated from opium. Alkaloid with smooth muscle relaxing activity. Inhibits phosphodiesterases.
Product Specific Literature References
Papaverine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity in various mammalian tissues: G. Poch & W.R. Kukovetz; Life Sci. I 10, 133 (1971) Abstract
Effects of papaverine on smooth muscle and their mechanisms: M. Ferrari; Pharmacol. res. Commun. 6, 97 (1974) Abstract
The effect of papaverine on ion channels in rat basilar smooth muscle cells: D. Han, et al.; Neurol. Res. 29, 544 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-270-112 Revised 16-Jun-08
Pentoxifylline
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SYNONYMS Trental
3,7-Dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-1H-purine-2,6-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-112-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-112-G005   5 g 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H18N4O3
MW: 278.3
CAS NUMBER: 6493-05-6
MERCK INDEX: 14: 7136
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium expansum.
PURITY: ≥99%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Blocks the synthesis of TNF-α. Improves blood flow by decreasing blood viscosity.
Product Specific Literature References
Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality: P. Noel, et al.; Life Sci. 47, 1023 (1990) Abstract
Pentoxifylline inhibits the expression of tissue factor mRNA in endotoxin-activated human monocytes: V. Ollivier, et al.; FEBS Lett. 322, 231 (1993) Abstract
Pentoxifylline: C.P. Samlaska & E.A. Winfield; J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 30, 603 (1994), Review Abstract
Suppression of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by pentoxifylline and its mechanism: K. Prasad & P. Lee; Atherosclerosis 192, 313 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Phosphodiesterases / Related Products • TNF-alpha & TNF Receptors Other Products • Nitric Oxide Pathway Other Products
 
 
ALX-270-157 Revised 03-Apr-08
Australine . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS (1R,2R,3R,7S,7aR)-3-Hydroxymethyl-1,2,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine . HCI
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-157-M001   1 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C8H15NO4. HCl
MW: 189.2 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 186766-07-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Castanospermum australe seeds.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, methanol and 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: After reconstitution, prepare aliquots and store at -20°C.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Alkaloid. Inhibitor of α-glucosidase, amyloglucosidase and glucosidase I. Does not inhibit glucosidase II, and is reported to be the first glucosidase inhibitor which differentiates glucosidase I from glucosidase II. Does not inhibit α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and β-mannosidase.
Product Specific Literature References
Australine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid that inhibits amyloglucosidase and glycoprotein processing: J.E. Tropea, et al.; Biochemistry 28, 2027 (1989) Abstract
Calystegins, a novel class of alkaloid glycosidase inhibitors: R.J. Molyneux, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 304, 81 (1993) Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis of the glycosidase inhibitor australine through a one-pot, double-cyclization strategy: C. Ribes, et al.; Org. Lett. 9, 77 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Glycosidases / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-160 Revised 27-Sep-07
Castanospermine
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SYNONYMS (1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR)-1,6,7,8-Tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-270-160-M010   10 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-160-M050   50 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C8H15NO4
MW: 189.2
CAS NUMBER: 79831-76-8
MERCK INDEX: 14: 1896
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Castanospermum australe seeds.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from moisture.

Product Description
Plant alkaloid. Potent inhibitor of α- and β-glucosidase activity in fibroblast extracts; inhibits the glycoprotein processing cycle. Exhibits antiviral properties. Prevents angiogenesis.
Product Specific Literature References
Castanospermine inhibits the processing of the oligosaccharide portion of the influenza viral hemagglutinin: Y.T. Pan, et al.; Biochemistry 22, 3975 (1983) Abstract
Glycoproteins: their structure, biosynthesis and possible clinical implications: H. Schachter; Clin. Biochem. 17, 3 (1984) Abstract
The effects of processing inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharides on the intracellular migration of glycoprotein E2 of mouse hepatitis virus and the maturation of coronavirus particles: R. Repp, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15873 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Effects of the anti-inflammatory compounds castanospermine, mannose-6- phosphate and fucoidan on allograft rejection and elicited peritoneal exudates: M.R. Bartlett, et al.; Immunol. Cell Biol. 72, 367 (1994) Abstract
Antiviral activity and metabolism of the castanospermine derivative MDL 28,574, in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 2: S.P. Ahmed, et al.; BBRC 208, 267 (1995) Abstract
The alpha-glucosidase I inhibitor castanospermine alters endothelial cell glycosylation, prevents angiogenesis, and inhibits tumor growth: R. Pili, et al.; Cancer Res. 55, 2920 (1995) Abstract
Perturbation of free oligosaccharide trafficking in endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase I-deficient and castanospermine-treated cells: C. Durrant & S.E. Moore; Biochem. J. 365, 239 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Alkaloids • Glycosidases / Related Products • Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents • Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research
 
 
ALX-307-001 Revised 18-Feb-08
L-Quebrachitol
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SYNONYMS 1L-2-O-Methyl-chiro-inositol
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
Ordering Information
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ALX-307-001-G001   1 g 40.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C7H14O6
MW: 194.2
CAS NUMBER: 642-38-6
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from rubber tree.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
Key starting material for the synthesis of optically active inositol phosphates.
Product Specific Literature References
Synthesis of 1D-3-deoxy-, 1D-2,3-dideoxy-, and 1D-2,3,6-trideoxy-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from quebrachitol, their binding affinities, and calcium release activity: A.P. Kozikowski, et al.; JACS 115, 4429 (1993)
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the D-3-Deoxy-3-fluoro and D-3-Chloro-3-deoxy Analogs of Phosphatidylinositol: A.P. Kozikowski, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 59, 963 (1994)
Quebrachitol: A Versatile Building Block in the Construction of Naturally
Occurring Bioactive Materials: J.J. Kiddle; Chem. Rev. 95, 2189 (1995), (Review) Abstract
A versatile approach to PI(3,4)P2, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3,4,5)P3 from L-(-)-quebrachitol: L. Qiao, et al.; Org. Lett. 2, 115 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Chiral Compounds (Organic) • Chemical Synthesis - Reagents & Intermediates • Inositols & Inositolphosphates / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-001 Revised 05-Apr-08
Forskolin
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SYNONYMS Colforsin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Other Signal Transduction Pathway Modulators
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ALX-350-001-M001   1 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M005   5 mg 52.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M010   10 mg 85.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M025   25 mg 185.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-001-M050   50 mg 325.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H34O7
MW: 410.5
CAS NUMBER: 66575-29-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2476
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Coleus forskohlii.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to green crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ethyl acetate (10mg/ml), anhydrous DMSO (5mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (6mg/ml). DMSO is the recommended solvent for activation of cAMP.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions in DMSO are stable for up to 4 months when stored at +4°C.

Product Description
Activates adenylate cycl