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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-380-058 Revised 03-Apr-08
Citrinin
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SYNONYMS Antimycin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics Other Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M001   1 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M010   10 mg 105.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-058-M025   25 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H14O5
MW: 250.3
CAS NUMBER: 518-75-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2327
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Penicillium citrinum.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Yellow crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or dioxane. Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Solutions change color with changes in pH from yellow (pH 4.6) to red (pH 9.9).
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Antibiotic. Induces mitochondrial permeability pore opening and inhibits respiration by interfering with complex I of the respiratory chain. Mycotoxin. Acts as nephrotoxin in all species in which it has been tested. Has been implicated as a cause of Balkan nephropathy and yellow rice fever in humans. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. III. Effects on renal cortical and liver mitochondrial swelling: G.M. Chagas, et al.; J. Appl. Toxicol. 15, 91 (1995) Abstract
Mycotoxins: J.W. Bennett & M. Klich; Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16, 497 (2003) Abstract
Citrinin induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via activation of the mitochondrial pathway: F.Y. Yu, et al.; Toxicol. Lett. 161, 143 (2006) Abstract
Citrinin induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent pathway and inhibition of survival signals in embryonic stem cells, and causes developmental injury in blastocysts: W.H. Chan; Biochem. J. 404, 317 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Mycotoxins • Respiratory Chain Other Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-430-117 Revised 16-May-08
CMH . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-Hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-430-117-M010   10 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-117-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-117-M250   250 mg 450.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H19NO3 . HCl
MW: 201.3 . 36.5
PURITY: ≥99% (EPR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol or water.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Analog of CPH (Prod. No. ALX-430-078) with higher cell permeability and 3-fold better reactivity with superoxide. Has been used to study intracellular production of superoxide radicals in plasma, endothelial cells and isolated hearts.
Product Specific Literature References
Detection of superoxide with new cyclic hydroxylamine CMH in plasma, cells and isolated heart: B. Fink & S. Dikalov; Free Radical Biol. Med. 33, S366 (2002)
Oscillatory shear stress stimulates endothelial production of O2- from p47phox-dependent NAD(P)H oxidases, leading to monocyte adhesion: J. Hwang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 47291 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interactions of peroxynitrite with uric acid in the presence of ascorbate and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase: N. Kuzkaya, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 70, 343 (2005) Abstract
Atrial fibrillation increases production of superoxide by the left atrium and left atrial appendage: role of the NADPH and xanthine oxidases: S.C. Dudley, Jr., et al.; Circulation 112, 1266 (2005) Abstract
Nox1 overexpression potentiates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy in transgenic mice: A. Dikalova, et al.; Circulation 112, 2668 (2005) Abstract
Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies: S. Dikalov, et al.; Hypertension 49, 717 (2007) Abstract
Production of extracellular superoxide by human lymphoblast cell lines: comparison of electron spin resonance techniques and cytochrome C reduction assay: S.I. Dikalov, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 73, 972 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
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ALX-430-076 Revised 01-Jun-07
Cobalt (III) Protoporphyrin IX chloride
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Porphyrins
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ALX-430-076-M025   25 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H32CoN4O4Cl
MW: 654.5
PURITY: ≥95% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: Dark purple solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acidic or basic aqueous solutions at pH between 8.5-9.0. Once in solution pH can be adjusted to physiological pH.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.

 
 
ALX-350-335 Revised 14-Nov-07
Cochlioquinone A
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SYNONYMS Luteoleersin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research
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ALX-350-335-MC05   0.5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H44O8
MW: 532.7
CAS NUMBER: 32450-25-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY: ≥99% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Shows antiangiogenic and nematocidal activities. Antagonist of the human chemokine receptor CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase, diacylglycerol kinase and NADH-ubiquinone reductase.
Product Specific Literature References
Cochlioquinone A, a nematocidal agent which competes for specific [3H]ivermectin binding sites: J.M. Schaeffer, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 43, 1179 (1990) Abstract
Epi-cochlioquinone A, a novel acyl-CoA : cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor produced by Stachybotrys bisbyi: T. Fujioka, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 49, 409 (1996) Abstract
Cochlioquinone A1, a new anti-angiogenic agent from Bipolaris zeicola: H.J. Jung, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11, 4743 (2003) Abstract
Inhibitory activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by cochlioquinones A and A1: H.B. Lee, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 56, 967 (2003) Abstract
Cochlioquinones and epi-cochlioquinones: antagonists of the human chemokine receptor CCR5 from Bipolaris brizae and Stachybotrys chartarum: K. Yoganathan, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 57, 59 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
CC Chemokines & Receptors / Related Products • NAD+ Metabolism / Related Products • Vitamins
 
 
ALX-350-341 Revised 14-Nov-07
Cochlioquinone B
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research
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ALX-350-341-MC05   0.5 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H40O6
MW: 472.6
CAS NUMBER: 32450-26-3
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Bipolaris leersia MST-FP107.
PURITY: ≥99% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Antagonist of the human chemokine receptor CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Inhibitor of NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Phytotoxic agent inhibiting root growth.
Product Specific Literature References
Cochlioquinones and epi-cochlioquinones: antagonists of the human chemokine receptor CCR5 from Bipolaris brizae and Stachybotrys chartarum: K. Yoganathan, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 57, 59 (2004) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
CC Chemokines & Receptors / Related Products • NAD+ Metabolism / Related Products • Vitamins
 
 
ALX-620-063 Revised 03-Feb-05
Coelenterazine
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SYNONYMS 2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-(7H)-one
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-620-063-C050   50 µg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H21N3O3
MW: 423.5
CAS NUMBER: 55779-48-1
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Slightly soluble in methanol or ethanol. Avoid DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas. Keep calcium free when stored in solution.

Product Description
Cell permeable, very sensitive and specific chemiluminescence probe of the superoxide anion and peroxynitrite. When oxidized by oxygen it emits blue light at 446nm when Ca2+ binds to the complex. Powerful antioxidant. See also 2-(4-Dehydroxy)coelenterazine (Prod. No. ALX-620-062).
Product Specific Literature References
Use of calcium-regulated photoproteins as intracellular Ca2+ indicators: J.R. Blinks; Meth. Enzymol. 172, 164 (1989) Abstract
Slow calcium waves accompany cytokinesis in medaka fish eggs: R.A. Fluck, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 115, 1259 (1991) Abstract
Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe: its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burst in neutrophils: M. Lucas & F. Solano; Anal. Biochem. 206, 273 (1992) Abstract
Aequorin-expressing mammalian cell lines used to report Ca2+ mobilization: D. Button & M. Brownstein; Cell Calcium 14, 663 (1993) Abstract
Imaging [Ca2+]i with aequorin using a photon imaging detector: A.L. Miller, et al.; Meth. Cell Biol. 40, 305 (1994) Abstract
Intracellular free calcium level and its response to cAMP stimulation in developing Dictyostelium cells transformed with jellyfish apoaequorin cDNA: S. Saran, et al.; FEBS Lett. 337, 43 (1994) Abstract
The origins of marine bioluminescence: turning oxygen defence mechanisms into deep-sea communication tools: J.F. Rees, et al.; J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1211 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation: M.M. Tarpey, et al.; Circ. Res. 84, 1203 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Luciferin & Luciferase / Related Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-430-048 Revised 09-Nov-06
Copper(II) Protoporphyrin IX (free acid)
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Porphyrins
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ALX-430-048-M025   25 mg 75.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C34H32CuN4O4
MW: 624.2
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Red to brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in pyridine, dimethyl formamide or DMSO. Colloidal in aqueous base;  slightly soluble in aqueous base/organic solvent mixtures.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 3 years after receipt when stored at -20°C. Product may be unstable in solution if exposed to light.
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.

Product Description
Negative control for the heme oxygenase inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (Prod. No. ALX-430-049).
Product Specific Literature References
Sensitivity of human tissue heme oxygenase to a new synthetic metalloporphyrin: R.J. Chernick, et al.; Hepatology 10, 365 (1989) Abstract
Zinc protoporphyrin-IX blocks the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in the rat nucleus tractus solitarii: S.R. Glaum & R.J. Miller; Mol. Pharmacol. 43, 965 (1993) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Heme Oxygenase / Related Products
 
 
ALX-430-078 Revised 10-Nov-06
CPH . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 1-Hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Spin Traps, Spin Probes & Spin Labels
Ordering Information
Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-430-078-M010   10 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-078-M050   50 mg 195.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-078-M250   250 mg 450.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H17NO3 . HCl
MW: 187.2 . 36.5
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol, methanol or water.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Effective, cell permeable and non-toxic spin trap for the detection of superoxide radical and peroxynitrite, both in vitro and in vivo. Resistant to reduction by vitamin C and thiols.
Product Specific Literature References
Spin trapping of superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite by 1-hydroxy-3- carboxy-pyrrolidine and 1-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine and the stability of corresponding nitroxyl radicals towards biological reductants: S. Dikalov, et al.; BBRC 231, 701 (1997) Abstract
Quantification of superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite in vascular cells using oxidation of sterically hindered hydroxylamines and electron spin resonance: S. Dikalov, et al.; Nitric Oxide 1, 423 (1997) Abstract
Comparison of glyceryl trinitrate-induced with pentaerythrityl tetranitrate-induced in vivo formation of superoxide radicals: effect of vitamin C: S. Dikalov, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 27, 170 (1999) Abstract
A new approach for extracellular spin trapping of nitroglycerin-induced superoxide radicals both in vitro and in vivo: B. Fink, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 121 (2000) Abstract
Noninvasive diagnostic tool for inflammation-induced oxidative stress using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and an extracellular cyclic hydroxylamine: S.I. Dikalov, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 402, 218 (2002) Abstract
Interactions of peroxynitrite, tetrahydrobiopterin, ascorbic acid, and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric-oxide synthase: N. Kuzkaya, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 22546 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Interactions of peroxynitrite with uric acid in the presence of ascorbate and thiols: implications for uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase: N. Kuzkaya, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 70, 343 (2005) Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate induces complex redox alterations in mesangial cells: A.K. Gelasco & J.R. Raymond; Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290, F1551 (2006) Abstract
 
 
ALX-350-028 Revised 21-May-08
Curcumin (high purity)
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SYNONYMS 1,7-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
Diferuloylmethane
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research
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ALX-350-028-M010   10 mg 15.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M050   50 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-028-M250   250 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20O6
MW: 368.4
CAS NUMBER: 458-37-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2673
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa).
PURITY: ≥98.5% (Note: This highly purified product does not contain 30-40% bioactive impurities)
APPEARANCE: Orange-yellow crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase. Also inhibits glutathione S-transferase, induction of nitric oxide (NO) in activated macrophages and inhibits EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptors. Antioxidant. Inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), disrupting the binding of NQO1 to wild type p53 inducing ubiquitin-independent degradation of p53 and inhibits p53-mediated apoptosis in normal thymocytes and myeloid leukemic cells.
Product Specific Literature References
Modification of certain inflammation-induced biochemical changes by curcumin: R. Srivastava & R.C. Srimal; Indian J. Med. Res. 81, 215 (1985) Abstract
Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones: D.L. Flynn, et al.; Prostagl. Leukotr. Med. 22, 357 (1986) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in A431 cells: L. Korutla & R. Kumar; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1224, 597 (1994) Abstract
Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages: I. Brouet & H. Okshima; BBRC 206, 533 (1995) Abstract
Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activities of natural compounds. The case of curcumin: J.N. Commandeur & N.P. Vermeulen; Xenobiotica 26, 667 (1996) Abstract
Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids: Sreejayan & M.N. Rao; J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49, 105 (1997) Abstract
Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumorigenesis in mice: M.T. Huang, et al.; J. Cell. Biochem. (Suppl.) 27, 26 (1997) Abstract
In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties: M.M. Chan, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 55, 1955 (1998) Abstract
Effect of curcumin on the production of nitric oxide by cultured rat mammary gland: M. Onoda & H. Inano; Nitric Oxide 4, 505 (2000) Abstract
Suppression of nitric oxide oxidation to nitrite by curcumin is due to the sequestration of the reaction intermediate nitrogen dioxide, not nitric oxide: B.D. Johnston & E.G. DeMaster; Nitric Oxide 8, 231 (2003) Abstract
Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action: B. Joe, et al.; Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 97 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Curcumin, a major constituent of turmeric, corrects cystic fibrosis defects: M.E. Egan, et al.; Science 304, 600 (2004) Abstract
Inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and induction of p53 degradation by the natural phenolic compound curcumin: P. Tsvetkov, et al.; PNAS 102, 5535 (2005) Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin: V.S. Yadav, et al.; Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 27, 485 (2005) Abstract
Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases: S. Bengmark; JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 30, 45 (2006), (Review)