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Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-270-406 Revised 07-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-d3
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SYNONYMS HNE-d3
(±)-4-Hydroxy-9,9,9-d3-non-2E-enal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-270-406-C050   50 µg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H13D3O2
MW: 159.2
PURITY: ≥99%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in methyl acetate.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Internal standard for the quantification of hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) by GC- or LC-mass spectometry. Contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the methyl acetate under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-375 Revised 04-Feb-05
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal
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SYNONYMS HNE-DA
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-270-375-1   1 Vial 98.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H22O3
MW: 202.3
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Liquid. 6.8mg in 1ml n-hexane. Yields ~5.2mg aldehyde after hydrolysis.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Unopened vial is stable for at least one year after receipt.
HANDLING: Keep cool and dry.

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Product Description
Derivative from (E)-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245). Can be used to freshly prepare HNE.
Product Specific Literature References
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, R.J. Schaur & H. Zollner; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Preparation and use of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) from the Acetal (HNE-DA):
- Evaporate the n-hexane under a gentle stream of nitrogen at RT. Continue to work at +4°C.
- Add 1ml of 1mM HCl (+4°C) and stir for about 45 minutes or close the vial and shake for 30 minutes.
- The initially cloudy suspension becomes almost clear as saponification proceeds.
- The resulting aqueous HNE solution has a pH of 3 and contains ~5.2mg of aldehyde.
- This solution, if kept at +4°C, is stable for at least 24 hours.
- If neutralized (see Note) this product is stable for 6 hours.
- We recommend to use the in situ prepared HNE immediately.
Note:  HNE decomposes (polymerizes) in basic solution within a few minutes. Never use alkalies to neutralize the pH, but rather appropriately concentrated buffers. During saponification, methanol is generated. If methanol is undesirable, HNE can be extracted in chloroform or dichloromethane. HNE is only sparingly soluble in water.
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-620-061 Revised 10-Jul-08
Lucigenin
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SYNONYMS bis-N-Methylacridinium nitrate
N,N'-Dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium dinitrate
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes/Stains/Fluorescent Probes/Fluorescent Labels
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-620-061-M010   10 mg 17.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-620-061-M050   50 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C28H22N4O6
MW: 510.5
CAS NUMBER: 2315-97-1
PURITY: ≥97% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Chemiluminescent probe for the detection of superoxide in biological systems.
Product Specific Literature References
Validation of lucigenin (bis-N-methylacridinium) as a chemilumigenic probe for detecting superoxide anion radical production by enzymatic and cellular systems: Y. Li, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2015 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Lucigenin as mediator of superoxide production: revisited: S.I. Liochev & I. Fridovich; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 926 (1998) Abstract
What do we measure with luminol-, lucigenin- and penicillin-amplified chemiluminescence? 1. Investigations with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite: M. Rost, et al.; J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 13, 355 (1998) Abstract
Lucigenin is a mediator of cytochrome C reduction but not of superoxide production: I.B. Afanas'ev, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 366, 267 (1999) Abstract
Lucigenin as a substrate of microsomal NAD(P)H-oxidoreductases: I.A. Schepetkin; Biochemistry (Mosc.) 64, 25 (1999) Abstract
Validation of lucigenin as a chemiluminescent probe to monitor vascular superoxide as well as basal vascular nitric oxide production: M.P. Skatchkov, et al.; BBRC 254, 319 (1999) Abstract
Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation: M.M. Tarpey, et al.; Circ. Res. 84, 1203 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Respiratory Chain Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
 
 
ALX-340-062 Revised 18-Feb-08
Methyl Phytoprostane B1 (Type I) (racemic)
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SYNONYMS Methyl-8-(2-((E)-3-hydroxypent-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-enyl)octanoate (racemic)
PRODUCT LINE Inflammation
PRODUCT CATEGORY Eicosanoids Other Products
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ALX-340-062-M005   5 mg 390.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C19H30O4
MW: 322.5
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥95% (13C-NMR)
APPEARANCE: Colourless liquid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, ether, ethyl acetate or halogenic solvents.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.

Product Description
Prostaglandin/jasmonate-like product of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation. Occurs ubiquitously in healty plants and increases in response to oxidative stress. Could potentially be used as a marker of oxidative degradation of plant derived food. Powerful inducer of glutathione-S-transferase, jasmonic acid and other stress related responses. The role of phytoprostanes in human nutrition is not clarified yet, but they are associated with inhibition of dendritic cell interleukin-12 production and augmentation of TH2 cell polarization.
Product Specific Literature References
The isoprostanoid pathway in plants: I. Thoma, et al.; Chem. Phys. Lipids 128, 135 (2004) Abstract
B1-phytoprostanes trigger plant defense and detoxification responses: C. Loeffler, et al.; Plant Physiol. 137, 328 (2005) Abstract
A flexible synthesis of the phytoprostanes B1 type I and II: S. El Fangour, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 70, 989 (2005) Abstract
Pollen-associated phytoprostanes inhibit dendritic cell interleukin-12 production and augment T helper type 2 cell polarization: C. Traidl-Hoffmann, et al.; J. Exp. Med. 201, 627 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Plant Research Reagents/Related Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-043 Revised 06-Jun-08
Microcystin-RR
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C050   50 µg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C100   100 µg 125.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C250   250 µg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C500   500 µg 470.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-M001   1 mg 850.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C49H75N13O12
MW: 1038.2
CAS NUMBER: 111755-37-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Clear to whitish film adhered to inside of vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 80% aqueous methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS.

Product Description
Arg-Arg analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012). Hepatotoxic, although found to be up to 10-fold less toxic than microcystin-LR on i.p. injection in mice. Potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of a cyclic peptide toxin, cyanogenosin-RR from Microcystis aeruginosa: P. Painuly, et al.; THL 29, 11 (1988)
Toxicity and toxins of natural blooms and isolated strains of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) and improved procedure for purification of cultures: M. Shirai, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1241 (1991) Abstract
Inhibition of protein phosphatases activates glucose-6-phosphatase in isolated rat hepatocytes: S. Claeyssens, et al.; FEBS Lett. 315, 7 (1993) Abstract
Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
Determination of some physicochemical parameters of microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) and trace level analysis in environmental samples using liquid chromatography: C. Rivasseau, et al.; J. Chromatogr. A 799, 155 (1998) Abstract
Physiological and biochemical analyses of microcystin-RR toxicity to the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus: Z.Q. Hu, et al.; Environ. Toxicol. 19, 571 (2004) Abstract
Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells: L. Yin, et al.; Toxicon. 46, 507 (2005) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
 
 
ALX-200-600 Revised 12-Nov-07
Myeloperoxidase (human leukocytes)
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-200-600-U010   10 U 90.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-200-600-U025   25 U 165.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-200-600-5010   5x10 U 350.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-200-600-5025   5x25 U 650.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
MW: ~118kDa.
CAS NUMBER: 9003-99-0
EC: 1.11.1.7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from human leukocytes. Negative for HBsAG-, HCV- and HIV-antibodies.
PURITY: ≥95% (SDS-PAGE). 
FORMULATION: Lyophilized from 0.02M sodium acetate buffer, pH 6.0.
RECONSTITUTION: Reconstitute with 1ml distilled water.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY: ~250-300U/mg protein. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme that produces an increase in absorbance at 470nm of 1.0 per min. at 25°C, pH 7.0 (calculated from the initial rate of reaction using 1% guaiacol as substrate; initial H2O2 concentration 6mmol/l).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
Product Specific Literature References
Guinea pig heterophil and eosinophil peroxidase: R.K. Desser, et al.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 148, 452 (1972) Abstract
Oxidation of amino acids and peptides in reaction with myeloperoxidase, chloride and hydrogen peroxide: R. Drozdz, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 957, 47 (1988) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Swiss-Prot link P05164: Myeloperoxidase (human) (precursor)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Enzymes • Natural Proteins
 
 
ALX-480-058 Revised 18-Jun-08
8-Nitroguanine
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nucleobases
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ALX-480-058-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H4N6O3
MW: 196.1
CAS NUMBER: 168701-80-2
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
SOLUBILITY: Slightly soluble in water (sonification).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR, MS and UV.

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Formation of 8-nitroguanine in DNA treated with peroxynitrite in vitro and its rapid removal from DNA by depurination: V. Yermilov, et al.; FEBS Lett. 376, 207 (1995) Abstract
Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of flavonoids: effects on DNA damage induced by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and nitroxyl anion: H. Ohshima, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 1057 (1998) Abstract
Importance of guanine nitration and hydroxylation in DNA in vitro and in vivo: J. Tuo, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 147 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
 
 
ALX-850-037 Revised 26-Jun-08
Nitroso-thiol (RSNOs) Detection Kit
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents/Related Products
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ALX-850-037-KI01   1 Kit 590.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
QUANTITY: 96 wells (~80 tests).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Store kit at +4°C. Store standard (vial 5) at -20°C
Product Description
The assay of nitroso-thiols in many biological fluids, appears to provide a very useful index of NOS activity. The concentration of RSNOs has been shown to increase with localized induction of NOS and to fall rapidly upon administration of NOS inhibitors.
The kit provides a complete solution for the assay of high or low MW RSNOs. The assay is divided essentially into two steps. In the first step, the sample is prepared according to which subgroup of RSNO is desired. The S-N bond is then cleaved, resulting in the formation of an equivalent of nitrite, which is assayed using the Griess reaction. The intensity of the color formed is linearly related to the concentration of nitrite, and hence, to the original RSNO concentration.
Product Specific Literature References
Increased nitrosothiols in exhaled breath condensate in inflammatory airway diseases: M. Corradi, et al.; Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163, 854 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Dose-dependent onset and cessation of action of inhaled budesonide on exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in mild asthma: S.A. Kharitonov, et al.; Thorax 57, 889 (2002) Abstract
General Information
MANUFACTURER Manufactured by Oxonon.
General Literature References
Detection of S-nitrosothiols by fluorometric and colorimetric methods: D.A. Wink, et al.; Methods Enzymol. 301, 201 (1999) Abstract
Fluorometric detection of S-nitrosothiols: P. Kostka and J.K. Park; Methods Enzymol. 301, 227 (1999) Abstract
Mechanisms of biological S-nitrosation and its measurement: T. Akaike; Free Radic. Res. 33, 461 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Nitric Oxide & NOS Detection/Related Products • Quantification Kits
 
 
ALX-630-089 Revised 22-Jul-08
Ochratoxin A
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Mycotoxins
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ALX-630-089-M001   1 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-089-M005   5 mg 150.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-630-089-M025   25 mg 590.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H18ClNO6
MW: 403.8
CAS NUMBER: 303-47-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6740
RTECS: AY4375000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Aspergillus ochraceus.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystals.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: