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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-840-041 Revised 03-Jul-08
HNE-histidine FINE Standard
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-840-041-1   1 Vial 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
KIT/SET CONTAINS: 8 vials with ELISA FINE standard (F1-F8), 200μl each. Standards contain 35mg/ml BSA and variable amounts of HNE:
F1:     0 pmol/mg HNE
F2:     7 pmol/mg HNE
F3:   14 pmol/mg HNE
F4:   29 pmol/mg HNE
F5:   57 pmol/mg HNE
F6:   86 pmol/mg HNE
F7: 114 pmol/mg HNE
F8: 143 pmol/mg HNE
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After thawing, keep standards for 30 min. at +4°C before further use. Vortex and mix vigorously before use.
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Product Description
Standard for the HNE-histidine FINE ELISA Kit (Prod. No. ALX-850-320).
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-850-322 Revised 03-Jul-08
HNE-histidine STRESS ELISA Kit
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-850-322-KI01   1 Kit 750.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
SENSITIVITY: 8.1nmol/mg (0.143-1.714nmol/mg)
QUANTITY: 2x96 wells
APPLICATION: For the quantitative determination of HNE-histidine conjugates in human cell lysates induced by strong oxidative stress.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
HANDLING: Store standards at -80°C. Store rest of the kit at +4°C.
Product Description

- Quantitative determination of HNE-histidine in human cell lysates
- Indirect enzyme immunoassay
- Based on a well described monoclonal antibody used in ICC, IHC & WB
- Range of detection between 71pmol/mg and 857pmol/mg
- Human plasma spiking tested
- Tissue homogenates have not been tested yet

(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is one of the most important breakdown products and reliable marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO). This indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) allows for the first time the quantitative determination of HNE-histidine conjugates from lysates of human cells which were exposed to strong oxidative stress.
Product Specific Literature References
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 4-hydroxynonenal-histidine conjugates: S. Borovic, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 40, 809 (2006) Abstract
Differential sensitivity to 4-hydroxynonenal for normal and malignant mesenchymal cells: S. Borovic, et al.; Redox Rep. 12, 50 (2007) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Do not use serum free cell culture supernatants. Running duplicate wells for samples and standards is recommended.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation • ELISA & EIA Kits
 
 
ALX-840-042 Revised 03-Jul-08
HNE-histidine STRESS Standard
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-840-042-1   1 Vial 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
KIT/SET CONTAINS: 8 vials with ELISA STRESS standard (S1-S8), 200μl each. Standards contain 35mg/ml BSA and variable amounts of HNE:
S1: 0.000 nmol/mg HNE
S2: 0.143 nmol/mg HNE
S3: 0.286 nmol/mg HNE
S4: 0.571 nmol/mg HNE
S5: 0.857 nmol/mg HNE
S6: 1.143 nmol/mg HNE
S7: 1.429 nmol/mg HNE
S8: 1.714 nmol/mg HNE
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles. After thawing, keep standards for 30 min. at +4°C before further use. Vortex and mix vigorously before use.
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Product Description
Standard for the HNE-histidine STRESS ELISA Kit (Prod. No. ALX-850-322).
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-620-074 Revised 25-Sep-08
HPF
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SYNONYMS Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein
2-[6-(4'-Hydroxy)phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl]benzoic acid
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-620-074-M001   1 mg 430.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H16O6
MW: 424.4
CONCENTRATION: ~5mM
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Liquid. In 0.47ml dimethylformamide.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY:

Prepare 500-5'000-fold dilution (~10-1µM) in phosphate buffer (0.1M phosphate, pH 7.4) immediately before use. BSA, phenol red and amines may affect the fluorescence and must be used with caution. Do not store the dilutions.
HANDLING: Keep under inert gas. Protect from light. After opening, prepare aliquots and store at +4°C.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

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Product Description
Cell permeable fluorescent reagent (Ex(max): 490nm; Em(max): 515nm) for the detection of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). Immediately reacts with hROS such as hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, and the fluorescence intensity greatly increases. In addition, peroxynitrite can be detected in distinction from nitric oxide and superoxide since HPF does not react with nitric oxide, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, HPF is resistant to light-induced autooxidation. HPF does not react with hypochlorite (-OCl) either and thus can be used in combination with APF (Prod. No. ALX-620-075) which detects -OCl to elucidate reliably the roles of -OCl in biological systems such as neutrophils. Moreover, HPF is resistant to light-induced autooxidation. Not for sale in Japan.
Product Specific Literature References
Development of novel fluorescence probes that can reliably detect reactive oxygen species and distinguish specific species: K. Setsukinai, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 3170 (2003) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION Precautions for use:
1. Prepare the diluted solution just before use and use it up.
2. The dilution buffer should be adjusted to pH 7.0-7.5. Please note that bovine serum albumin (BSA) and phenol red might interfere with the fluorescence measurement.

Light-induced autoxidation (Figure 3)
After adding HPF or DCFH-DA (10µM), the cells were incubated for 30 min at 37°C in the dark. The fluorescence images were obtained with a confocal fluorescent microscope (excitation wavelength: 488nm, fluorescence emission wavelength: using a 515nm barrier filter). The cells were laser-irradiated again at 488nm for 10 sec and fluorescence images were obtained again (see Figure 3).

Fluorescence images of HPF- or APF-loaded neutrophils (Figure 4)
Neutrophils were obtained from porcine blood and suspended in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (114mM NaCI, 4.6mM KCI, 2.4mM MgSO4, 1.0mM CaCI2, 15mM NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, pH 7.4) and kept on ice until use. Then they were seeded onto a glass-bottomed dish. The cells were loaded with HPF or APF (10µM) by incubation for 30min at room temperature and then stimulated with PMA (including 2ng/ml; 0.1% DMF as a cosolvent). Fluorescence images were obtained with a confocal fluorescent microscope before and 10 min after the stimulation with PMA (excitation wavelength: 488nm, fluorescence emission wavelength: 505-550nm; using a 505-550nm barrier filter).

Detection of hROS in the HRP/H2O2 system using HPF and APF (Figure 5)
Reaction timecourse
Fluorescence probe reagents (final 10µM; 0.1% DMF as a cosolvent) were added to sodium phosphate buffer (0.1M; pH 7.4) containing HRP (0.2µM). H2O2 (final 1µM) was added at the time indicated by the arrow. The fluorescence intensities were measured at excitation wavelength of 490nm and fluorescence emission wavelength of 515nm. Relation between the amount of added H2O2 and fluorescence increase in the HRP/H2O2 system.

Relation between the amount of added H2O2 and fluorescence increase in the HRP/H2O2 system
Fluorescence probe reagents (final 10µM; 0.1% DMF as a cosolvent) were added to sodium phosphate buffer (0.1M; pH 7.4) containing HRP (0.2µM). The fluorescence intensities were measured at excitation wavelength of 490nm and fluorescence emission wavelength of 515nm.
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Further Categories Containing This Product:
Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
 
 
ALX-430-130 Revised 09-Nov-06
HQNO
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SYNONYMS 2-n-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Respiratory Chain Other Products
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ALX-430-130-M010   10 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-430-130-M050   50 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C16H21NO2
MW: 259.3
CAS NUMBER: 341-88-8
RTECS: VC5890000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥99% (1H-NMR)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, DMSO or chloroform; very slightly soluble in water, pH>7.0.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
SHORT TERM STORAGE: -20°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
HANDLING: Hygroscopic. Protect from light.

Product Description
Naturally occurring antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin. Potent inhibitor of the respiratory chain binding to the mitochondrial cytochrome b protein. Inhibits NADH oxidase (NADH) and Na+-dependent NADH-quinone reductase (NQR).
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of cytochrome system of heart muscle and of Staphylococcus aureus by 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, an antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin: J.W. Lightbown & F.L. Jackson; Biochem. J. 58, 15 (1954)
Structure of a naturally occurring antagonist of dihydrostreptomycin: J.W. Cornforth & A.T. James; Biochem. J. 63, 124 (1956)
Binding of HQNO to beef-heart sub-mitochondrial particles: G. Van Ark & J.A. Berden; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 459, 119 (1977) Abstract
Inhibitor studies of a new antibiotic, korormicin, 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide and Ag+ toward the Na+-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus: Y. Nakayama, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 22, 1064 (1999) Abstract
FTIR spectroscopic evidence for the involvement of an acidic residue in quinone binding in cytochrome bd from Escherichia coli: J. Zhang, et al.; Biochemistry 41, 4612 (2002) Abstract
A stable isotope dilution assay for the quantification of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures: F. Lepine, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1622, 36 (2003) Abstract
Sulfite-oxido-reductase is involved in the oxidation of sulfite in Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens during disproportionation of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur: T.M. Frederiksen & K. Finster; Biodegradation 14, 189 (2003) Abstract
Enzymatic properties of the membrane-bound NADH oxidase system in the aerobic respiratory chain of Bacillus cereus: M.S. Kim & Y.J. Kim; J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37, 753 (2004) Abstract
Involvement of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase in sulfur oxidation of an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans NASF-1: S. Wakai, et al.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68, 2519 (2004) Abstract
Physiological roles of three Na+/H+ antiporters in the halophilic bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus: T. Kuroda, et al.; Microbiol. Immunol. 49, 711 (2005) Abstract
Quinone reduction by Rhodothermus marinus succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase is not stimulated by the membrane potential: A.S. Fernandes, et al.; BBRC 330, 565 (2005) Abstract
Purification and characterization of succinate:menaquinone oxidoreductase from Corynebacterium glutamicum: T. Kurokawa and J. Sakamoto; Arch. Microbiol. 183, 317 (2005) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-447 Revised 11-Jul-08
4-Hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
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PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-447-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-447-M005   5 mg 407.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H16O3
MW: 172.2
CAS NUMBER: 7439-43-2
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml
PURITY: ≥95%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in acetone.
SOLUBILITY: 30mg/ml soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or 100% ethanol; 0.5mg/ml soluble in a 1:6 solution of ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (dilute the ethanol solution with PBS).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -80°C. We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Precursor compound of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) formed from the cleavage of the ω-6 hydroperoxides 9(S)-HpODE and 13(S)-HpODE.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the acetone under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-480-090 Revised 25-Jul-08
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
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SYNONYMS 8-OHdG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Guanosine Derivatives Other Products
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ALX-480-090-M001   1 mg 91.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H13N5O5
MW: 283.2
CAS NUMBER: 88847-89-6
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water (15mg/ml) or DMSO (12mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
8-Substituted guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives as potential inducers of the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells: T.S. Lin, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 28, 1194 (1985) Abstract
Assay of excised oxidative DNA lesions: isolation of 8-oxoguanine and its nucleoside derivatives from biological fluids with a monoclonal antibody column: E.M. Park, et al.; PNAS 89, 3375 (1992) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease: W.R. Markesbery & J.M. Carney; Brain Pathol. 9, 133 (1999) Abstract
Distinct repair activities of human 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase for formamidopyrimidine and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: K. Asagoshi, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4956 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Efficient repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine in human and hamster xeroderma pigmentosum D cells: E. Cappelli, et al.; Biochemistry 39, 10408 (2000) Abstract
Urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine--source, significance and supplements: M.S. Cooke, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 32, 381 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-480-091 Revised 28-Nov-07
8-Hydroxyguanine
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SYNONYMS 8-Oxoguanine
7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoguanine
8-oxoG
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Nucleobases
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ALX-480-091-M010   10 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H5N5O2
MW: 167.1
CAS NUMBER: 5614-64-2
PURITY: ≥90% (contains <10% acetic acid)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in conc. sodium hydroxide. May be further diluted and neutralized with water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Oxidative DNA degradation product.
Product Specific Literature References
Oxidative DNA base damage and antioxidant enzyme activities in human lung cancer: P. Jaruga, et al.; FEBS Lett. 341, 59 (1994) Abstract
Assays of oxidative DNA damage biomarkers 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: M.K. Shigenaga, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 234, 16 (1994) Abstract
DNA strand breakage and base modification induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment of human respiratory tract epithelial cells: J.P. Spencer, et al.; FEBS Lett. 374, 233 (1995) Abstract
DNA base modifications and membrane damage in cultured mammalian cells treated with iron ions: T.H. Zastawny, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 18, 1013 (1995) Abstract
Oxidative denitrification of the antitumour drug hydroxyguanidine: S.A. Everett, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 24, 1 (1998) Abstract
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanine as biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: H.J. Helbock, et al.; Meth. Enzymol. 300, 156 (1999) Abstract
Leukemic cell line, KG-1 has a functional loss of hOGG1 enzyme due to a point mutation and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine can kill KG-1: J.W. Hyun, et al.; Oncogene 19, 4476 (2000) Abstract
Peroxynitrite-induced secondary oxidative lesions at guanine nucleobases: chemical stability and recognition by the Fpg DNA repair enzyme: N.Y. Tretyakova, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 658 (2000) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
DNA Repair Other Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-270-405 Revised 14-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxyhexenal
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SYNONYMS 4-HHE
(E)-(±)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipid Peroxidation
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ALX-270-405-M001   1 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M005   5 mg 199.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M010   10 mg 354.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H10O2
MW: 114.1
CAS NUMBER: 160708-91-8
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml 
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or acetonitrile.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY