ALEXIS Biochemicals: Troleandomycin

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ALX-380-034

Revised 30-Jul-08

Concanamycin A
SYNONYMS	Folimycin
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - ATPase Inhibitors

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-034-C025		25 µg	55.00 USD
ALX-380-034-C100		100 µg	180.00 USD
ALX-380-034-M001		1 mg	750.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₄₆H₇₅NO₁₄
MW:	866.1
CAS NUMBER:	80890-47-7
RTECS:	CB9732000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY:	≥96% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, DMSO or acetonitrile; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HANDLING:	Protect from light.
HAZARD:	VERY TOXIC.
IDENTITY:	Identity determined by ¹H-NMR.

Product Description

Antibiotic. More potent and specific H⁺-ATPase inhibitor than bafilomycin A₁(Prod. No. ALX-380-030). Inhibits acidification of organelles such as lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus. Blocks cell surface expression of viral glycoproteins without affecting their synthesis. Exhibits cytotoxic effects in a number of cell lines in a cell viability assay. Induces nitric oxide (NO) production.

Product Specific Literature References

Isolation and characterization of concanamycins A, B and C: H. Kinashi, et al.; J. Antibiot. (Tokyo) 37, 1333 (1984) Abstract
Bafilomycins: a class of inhibitors of membrane ATPases from microorganisms, animal cells, and plant cells: E.J. Bowman, et al.; PNAS 85, 7972 (1988) Abstract
Structure and function of vacuolar class of ATP-driven proton pumps: M. Forgac; Physiol. Rev. 69, 765 (1989) Abstract
Intravesicular acidification correlates with binding of ADP- ribosylation factor to microsomal membranes: S. Zeuzem, et al.; PNAS 89, 6619 (1992) Abstract
Inhibitory effect of modified bafilomycins and concanamycins on P- and V-type adenosinetriphosphatases: S. Drose, et al.; Biochemistry 32, 3902 (1993) Abstract
Folimycin (concanamycin A), a specific inhibitor of V-ATPase, blocks intracellular translocation of the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus before arrival to the Golgi apparatus: M. Muroi, et al.; Cell Struct. Funct. 18, 139 (1993) Abstract
Folimycin (concanamycin A), an inhibitor of V-type H(+)-ATPase, blocks cell-surface expression of virus-envelope glycoproteins: M. Muroi, et al.; BBRC 193, 999 (1993) Abstract
Purification of vacuolar ATPase with bafilomycin C1 affinity chromatography: T.J. Rautiala, et al.; BBRC 194, 50 (1993) Abstract
Involvement of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPases in the secretory pathway of HepG2 cells: M. Yilla, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19092 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Specific inhibitors of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases induce apoptotic cell death: T. Nishihara, et al.; BBRC 212, 255 (1995) Abstract
Characterization of the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein from multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells: F.J. Sharom, et al.; Biochem. J. 308 (Pt2), 381 (1995) Abstract
Concanamycin A, the specific inhibitor of V-ATPases, binds to the V(o) subunit c: M. Huss, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 277, 40544 (2002) Abstract
Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the macrolide concanamycin A in Streptomyces neyagawaensis ATCC 27449: S.F. Haydock, et al.; Microbiology 151, 3161 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Nitric oxide production by the vacuolar-type (H+)-ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and concanamycin A and its possible role in apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells: J. Hong, et al.; J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 319, 672 (2006) Abstract

Related Products

ALX-380-030

Bafilomycin A₁

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • H+-ATPase / Related Products • Antitumor Antibiotics

ALX-380-305

Revised 04-Nov-08

Curvularin
SYNONYMS	4,5,6,7,8,9-Hexahydro-11,13-dihydroxy-4-methyl-2H-3-benzoxacyclododecin-2,10(1H)-dione
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-305-M001		1 mg	60.00 USD
ALX-380-305-M005		5 mg	240.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₆H₂₀O₅
MW:	292.3
CAS NUMBER:	10140-70-2
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2676
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, dioxane or pyridine; insoluble in water, benzene or hexane.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Inhibits expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOSII). Has antifungal and antibiotic activity. Inhibits cell division.

Product Specific Literature References

Curvularin from penicillium baradicum Baghdadi NRRL 3754, and biological effects: R.F. Vesonder, et al.; J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 11, 289 (1976) Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of macrocyclic metabolites from fungi: K. Horakova & V. Betina; Neoplasma 24, 21 (1977) Abstract
Sporogen, S14-95, and S-curvularin, three inhibitors of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression isolated from fungi: Y. Yao, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 63, 383 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Birch reduction and its application in the total synthesis of natural products: G.S.R. Subba Rao; Pure Appl. Chem. 75, 1443 (2003)
Inhibitors of inducible NO synthase expression: total synthesis of (S)-curvularin and its ring homologues: S. Elzner, et al.; ChemMedChem 3, 924 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products with Antibiotic Activity • Antibiotics - Antifungal

ALX-380-002

Revised 03-Apr-08

Cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-002-M100		100 mg	46.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5100		5x100 mg	190.00 USD
ALX-380-002-G001		1 g	290.00 USD
ALX-380-002-5001		5x1 g	1'150.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
MW:	1202.6
CAS NUMBER:	59865-13-3
MERCK INDEX:	14: 2752
RTECS:	GZ4120000
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥99% (Assay)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol, acetone or petroleum ether; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic. Potent immunosuppressor. Widely used after organ transplantation. Binds to cytosolic proteins of the cyclophilin family. Cyclosporin A-cyclophilin complexes block protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin), a key enzyme in T cell activation. As a result of the calcineurin inhibition, cyclosporine A blocks various cellular processes such as activation of T cells and expression of several lymphokines (especially IL-2). Inhibits cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

Product Specific Literature References

Cyclosporin A and C-New metabolites from Trichodermapolysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai: Dreyfuss M., et al.; Europ. J. appl. Microbiol. 3, 125 (1976)
Immunosuppression for organ grafting - observations on cyclosporin A: R. Y. Calne; Immunol. Rev. 46, 113 (1976), Review Abstract
Immunological actions of cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: D. Yocum; Br. J. Rheumatol. 32, 38 (1993), Review Abstract
Cyclosporin A binding to mitochondrial cyclophilin inhibits the permeability transition pore and protects hearts from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: A.P. Halestrap, et al; Mol. Cell. Biochem. 174, 167 (1997), Review Abstract
New aspects of cyclosporin a mode of action: from gene silencing to gene up-regulation: L. Mascarell & P. Truffa-Bachi; Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 3, 205 (2003), Review Abstract
Rationale for T cell inhibition by cyclosporin A in major autoimmune diseases: G.F. Ferraccioli, et al.; Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1051, 658 (2005), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-286

Revised 08-Apr-08

Cyclosporin H
SYNONYMS	Csh-cyclosporin 5-(N-Methyl-D-valine)-cyclosporin A
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-286-M001		1 mg	80.00 USD
ALX-380-286-M005		5 mg	320.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
MW:	1202.6
CAS NUMBER:	83602-39-5
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Fusarium solani.
PURITY:	≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in 100% ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description

Immunologically inactive. Does not bind to immunophilin. Potent inhibitor of tumor promoting phorbol ester TPA/PMA (Prod. No. ALX-445-004) in mouse skin in vivo. Potent inhibitor of Ca²⁺/calmodulin dependent EF-2 phosphorylation in vitro. Potent and selective antagonist of formyl peptide receptor. Inhibits formyl peptide-induced superoxide formation.

Product Specific Literature References

The weak immunosuppressant cyclosporine D as well as the immunologically inactive cyclosporine H are potent inhibitors in vivo of phorbol ester TPA-induced biological effects in mouse skin and of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent EF-2 phosphorylation in vitro: M. Gschwendt, et al.; BBRC 150, 545 (1988) Abstract
Differential inhibition of human neutrophil activation by cyclosporins A, D, and H. Cyclosporin H is a potent and effective inhibitor of formyl peptide-induced superoxide formation: K. Wenzel-Seifert, et al.; J. Immunol. 147, 1940 (1991) Abstract
Cyclosporin H is a potent and selective formyl peptide receptor antagonist. Comparison with N-t-butoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L- leucyl-L-phenylalanine and cyclosporins A, B, C, D, and E: K. Wenzel-Seifert & R. Seifert; J. Immunol. 150, 4591 (1993) Abstract
Cyclosporin H is a potent and selective competitive antagonist of human basophil activation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: A. de Paulis, et al.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98, 152 (1996) Abstract
Cyclosporin H, Boc-MLF and Boc-FLFLF are antagonists that preferentially inhibit activity triggered through the formyl peptide receptor: A.L. Stenfeldt, et al.; Inflammation 30, 224 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • CAM Kinase Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-011

Revised 01-Oct-07

Fusidic acid . sodium salt
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-011-M050		50 mg	15.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₃₁H₄₇O₆ . Na
MW:	515.7 . 23.0
CAS NUMBER:	751-94-0
MERCK INDEX:	14: 4317
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C
HAZARD:	TOXIC.

Product Description

Antibiotic which suppresses nitric oxide (NO) toxicity in pancreatic islet cells. Inhibits protein synthesis by inhibition of elongation factor G at the level of the ribosome.

Product Specific Literature References

Fusidic acid: a new antibiotic: W.O. Godtfredsen, et al.; Nature 193, 987 (1962) Abstract
Mechanism of protein synthesis inhibition by fusidic acid and related antibiotics: N. Tanaka, et al.; BBRC 30, 278 (1968) Abstract
On the Mode of Action of Fusidic Acid: C.L. Harvey, et al.; Biochemistry 5, 3320 (1969)
Fusidic acid suppresses nitric oxide toxicity in pancreatic islet cells: V. Burkart, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 1379 (1994) Abstract
Fusidic acid in vitro activity: P. Collignon and J. Turnidge; Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 12, S45 (1999), Review Abstract
Fusidic acid non-antibacterial activity: K. Christiansen; Int J Antimicrob Agents 12, S73 (1999), Review Abstract
Dumb and dumber--the potential waste of a useful antistaphylococcal agent: emerging fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
: B.P. Howden & M.L. Grayson; Clin. Infect. Dis. 42, 394 (2006), Review Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Protein Synthesis Other Products

ALX-380-124

Revised 20-Jun-08

Iromycin A
SYNONYMS	6-(3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,5-dienyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-propyl-1H-pyridin-2-one
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-124-MC05		0.5 mg	180.00 USD
ALX-380-124-M001		1 mg	260.00 USD
ALX-380-124-M005		5 mg	780.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₉H₂₉NO₂
MW:	303.5
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Streptomyces bottropensis.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	Off-white to greenish solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in DMSO; fairly soluble in methanol; poorly soluble in acetone.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C

Product Description

Pyridone metabolite. Inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) showing selectivity for eNOS (NOS III) versus nNOS (NOS I). Inhibitor of thaxtomine biosynthesis and of mitochondrial electron transport chain.

Product Specific Literature References

The iromycins, a new family of pyridone metabolites from Streptomyces sp. I. Structure, NOS inhibitory activity, and biosynthesis: F. Surup, et al; J. Org. Chem. 72, 5085 (2007) Abstract
Iromycins: a new family of pyridone metabolites from Streptomyces sp. II. Convergent total synthesis: H. Shojaei, et al.; J. Org. Chem. 72, 5091 (2007) Abstract
Iromycins from Streptomyces sp. and from synthesis: New inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain: F. Surup, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 16, 1738 (2008) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity)

ALX-380-109

Revised 01-Jul-08

Minocycline . hydrochloride
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics for Angiogenesis Research

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-109-M050		50 mg	30.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₇ . HCl
MW:	457.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER:	13614-98-7
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6202
RTECS:	QI7630500
SOURCE/HOST:	Semi-synthetic
APPEARANCE:	Yellow crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in water (50mg/ml, warm) or DMSO (7mg/ml).
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE:	-20°C
HAZARD:	IRRITANT.

Product Description

Tetracycline derivative with antimicrobial activity. Inhibitor of angiogenesis, apoptosis and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective.

Product Specific Literature References

Local delivery of minocycline and systemic BCNU have synergistic activity in the treatment of intracranial glioma: J.L. Frazier, et al.; J. Neurooncol. 64, 203 (2003) Abstract
Minocycline exerts multiple inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell migration: the role of ERK1/2, PI3K, and matrix metalloproteinases: J.S. Yao, et al.; Circ. Res. 95, 364 (2004) Abstract
Minocycline up-regulates Bcl-2 and protects against cell death in mitochondria: J. Wang, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 19948 (2004) Abstract
Minocycline up-regulates BCL-2 levels in mitochondria and attenuates male germ cell apoptosis: M. Castanares, et al.; BBRC 337, 663 (2005) Abstract
Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy: J.K. Krady, et al.; Diabetes 54, 1559 (2005) Abstract
Minocycline inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 at nanomolar concentrations: C.C. Alano, et al.; PNAS 103, 9685 (2006) Abstract
Multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline in autoimmune CNS inflammation: K. Maier, et al.; Neurobiol. Dis. 25, 514 (2007) Abstract
Comparison of doxycycline and minocycline in the inhibition of VEGF-induced smooth muscle cell migration: J.S. Yao, et al.; Neurochem. Int. 50, 524 (2007) Abstract
Minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline, as a neuroprotective agent in an animal model of schizophrenia: Y. Levkovitz, et al.; Brain Res. 1154, 154 (2007) Abstract

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Antibiotics for Inflammation Research • Neuroactive Agents Other Products • COX Inhibitors • PARP Inhibitors

ALX-804-175

Revised 22-Nov-06

Monoclonal Antibody to Cyclosporin A (CSZ.22)
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-804-175-M001		1 mg	390.00 USD

Product Specification

CLONE:	CSZ.22
ISOTYPE:	Mouse IgG1
CONCENTRATION:	5.3mg/ml
PURITY DETAIL:	Protein G-affinity purified.
FORMULATION:	Liquid. In PBS, pH 7.4, containing 0.1% sodium azide.
IMMUNOGEN:	Cyclosporin A.
SPECIFICITY:	Recognizes cyclosporin A in buffer solutions and whole blood extracts (K_D=10^-8).
APPLICATION:	ELISA
SHIPPING:	SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE:	+4°C

Further Categories Containing This Product:

Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • MPTP [Mitochondrial Transition Pore] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Monoclonal Antibodies • Non-apoptotic Cell Death / Necrosis

ALX-380-015

Revised 08-Oct-07

Mycophenolic acid
SYNONYMS	6-(4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phthalanyl)-4-methyl-4-hexanoic acid
PRODUCT LINE	Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY	Antibiotics - Immunomodulators

Ordering Information

Product Numbers:	Format:	Size:	Unit Price:	Quantity:	Add To Cart
ALX-380-015-M050		50 mg	30.00 USD
ALX-380-015-M250		250 mg	105.00 USD
ALX-380-015-G001		1 g	310.00 USD

Product Specification

FORMULA:	C₁₇H₂₀O₆
MW:	320.3
CAS NUMBER:	24280-93-1
MERCK INDEX:	14: 6327
SOURCE/HOST:	Isolated from Penicillium brevi-compactum.
PURITY:	≥98%
APPEARANCE:	White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY:	Soluble in methanol or methylene chloride; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING:	AMBIENT