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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-350-092 Revised 03-Apr-08
Emetine . dihydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 6’,7’,10,11-Tetramethoxyemetan . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - DNA Replication Inhibitors
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ALX-350-092-M050   50 mg 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H40N2O4 . 2HCl
MW: 480.7 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER: 316-42-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3559
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4ฐC
HANDLING: Protect from light. Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Irreversibly blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting the movement of ribosome along the mRNA. Induces hypotension by blocking adrenoreceptors. Inhibits DNA replication in the early S phase. Inhibits HIF-1 activation by hypoxia. Induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. Antiamebic.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. V. Effects of emetine on protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis in HeLa cells: A.P. Grollman; J. Biol. Chem. 243, 4089 (1968) Abstract
Cytometric analysis of DNA replication inhibited by emetine and cyclosporin A:: A: T. Schweighoffer, et al.; Histochemistry 96, 93 (1991) Abstract
Emetine allows identification of origins of mammalian DNA replication by imbalanced DNA synthesis, not through conservative nucleosome segregation: W.C. Burhans, et al.; EMBO J. 10, 4351 (1991) Abstract
Role of newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in antigen-specific antigen presentation by B cells: T. Kokuho, et al.; Immunobiology 193, 42 (1995) Abstract
Terpenoid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids emetine, klugine, and isocephaeline inhibit the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in breast tumor cells: Y.D. Zhou, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 68, 947 (2005) Abstract
The alkaloid emetine as a promising agent for the induction and enhancement of drug-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells: M. Moller, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 18, 737 (2007) Abstract
Characteristics of apoptosis induction by the alkaloid emetine in human tumour cell lines: M. Moller & M. Wink; Planta Med. 73, 1389 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Translation Inhibitors • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Other Anti-infective Agents • Parasitic Diseases Other Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • DNA Replication Inhibitors • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-128 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chetomin
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SYNONYMS Chaetomin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Immunomodulators
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ALX-350-128-M001   1 mg 185.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-128-M005   5 mg 495.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C31H30N6O6S4
MW: 710.9
CAS NUMBER: 1403-36-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Chaetomium species.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to fawn solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, ethyl acetate or pyridine; fairly soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4ฐC
HAZARD: TOXIC.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Dithiodiketopiperazine inhibitor of HIF-1 formation by disrupting the binding of p300 to both HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Inhibitor of tumor growth. Potent immunosuppressor. Antibacterial.
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of chetomin: A.G. McInnes, et al.; JACS 98, 6741 (1976) Abstract
Effects of chetomin on growth and acidic fermentation products of rumen bacteria: W.C. Jen and G.A. Jones; Can. J. Microbiol. 29, 1399 (1983) Abstract
Small molecule blockade of transcriptional coactivation of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway: A.L. Kung, et al.; Cancer Cell 6, 33 (2004) Abstract
Immunomodulatory constituents from an Ascomycete, Chaetomium seminudum: H. Fujimoto, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 67, 98 (2004) Abstract
Effects of HIF-1 inhibition by chetomin on hypoxia-related transcription and radiosensitivity in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: A. Staab, et al.; BMC Cancer 7, 213 (2007) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Antitumor Antibiotics • Immunomodulators Other Products • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative)
 
 
ALX-350-219 Revised 28-May-08
Artemisinin
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SYNONYMS Qinghaosu
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antimalarial Agents
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ALX-350-219-M100   100 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-219-G001   1 g 220.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H22O5
MW: 282.4
CAS NUMBER: 63968-64-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 817
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the traditional Chinese anti-malarial herb Artemisia annua L.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol, 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide, DMSO, chloroform or acetone; almost insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20ฐC
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Powerful antimalarial agent. Inhibits angiogenesis by down-regulating HIF-1α and VEGF expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. Inhibitor of human iNOS (NOS II).
Product Specific Literature References
Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China: D.L. Klayman; Science 228, 1049 (1985) Abstract
The chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of qinghaosu (artemisinin) and its derivatives: X.D. Luo & C.C. Shen; Med. Res. Rev. 7, 29 (1987) Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis in embryoid bodies by artemisinin: M. Wartenberg, et al.; Pflugers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol. 445, S85 (1994)
Artemisinin drugs in the treatment of malaria: from medicinal herb to registered medication: M.A. van Agtmael, et al.; Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20, 199 (1999), Review Abstract
Artemisinin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor NF-kB activation: E. Aldieri, et al.; FEBS Lett. 552, 141 (2003) Abstract
The antimalaria agent artemisinin exerts antiangiogenic effects in mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies: M. Wartenberg, et al.; Lab. Invest. 83, 1647 (2003) Abstract
An over four millennium story behind qinghaosu (artemisinin)--a fantastic antimalarial drug from a traditional chinese herb: Y. Li & Y.L. Wu; Curr. Med. Chem. 10, 2197 (2003), Review Abstract
From artemisinin to new artemisinin antimalarials: biosynthesis, extraction, old and new derivatives, stereochemistry and medicinal chemistry requirements: R.K. Haynes; Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 6, 509 (2006), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Malaria / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-280 Revised 07-Oct-08
Xanthohumol
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription
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ALX-350-280-M005   5 mg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H22O5
MW: 354.4
CAS NUMBER: 569-83-5, 6754-58-1
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from hops (Humulus lupulus).
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), methanol (10mg/ml) or 100% ethanol; soluble in aqueous buffers up to 20μM.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4ฐC
USE/STABILITY: Stable as powder for at least 6 months when stored at +4ฐC in the dark. Stock solution made in DMSO should not be stored for longer than one month. Working solution is stable for 24 hours at 37ฐC and up to one week when stored at +4ฐC. Unstable in acidic (pH < 4.5) and alkaline (pH > 7.5) systems.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by NMR.

Product Description
Prenylated chalcone found in beer. Potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (DGAT). Inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell differentiation. Has antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines. Inhibits human P450 enzymes. Induces quinone reductase. Inhibits the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF under hypoxic conditions. Induces apoptosis in mature adipocytes.
Product Specific Literature References
Xanthohumols, diacylglycerol acyltransferase inhibitors, from Humulus lupulus: N. Tabata, et al.; Phytochemistry 46, 683 (1997) Abstract
Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus) in human cancer cell lines: C.L. Miranda, et al.; Food Chem. Toxicol. 37, 271 (1999) Abstract
In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus: M.C. Henderson, et al.; Xenobiotica 30, 235 (2000) Abstract
Prenylated chalcones and flavanones as inducers of quinone reductase in mouse Hepa 1c1c7 cells: C.L. Miranda, et al.; Cancer Lett. 149, 21 (2000) Abstract
Cancer chemopreventive activity of Xanthohumol, a natural product derived from hop: C. Gerhauser, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 1, 959 (2002) Abstract
Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: to your good health!: J.F. Stevens & J.E. Page; Phytochemistry 65, 1317 (2004), (Review) Abstract
Effect of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol on 3T3-L1 cell apoptosis and adipogenesis: J.Y. Yang, et al.; Apoptosis 12, 1953 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Estrogen & Estrogen Receptors / Related Products • Lipid Metabolism Other Products • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Chalcones • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Respiratory Chain Other Products • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Obesity & Diabetes Other Products • VEGFs • Cell Differentiation
 
 
ALX-380-201 Revised 27-Jun-08
Echinomycin
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SYNONYMS Quinomycin A
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - DNA Replication Inhibitors
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ALX-380-201-M001   1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-201-M005   5 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C51H64N12O12S2
MW: 1101.3
CAS NUMBER: 512-64-1
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3497
RTECS: JW5250000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces echinatus (DSM 40013).
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20ฐC
HANDLING: Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Powerful, selective inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis in vitro. Potent inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) DNA binding activity. Induces apoptosis. Displays antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.
Product Specific Literature References
A “quinoxaline antibiotic” similar to the triostins, q.v.: I. Kuroya, et al.; J. Antibiot. 14A, 324 (1961)
Identity of levomycin and quinomycin A (echimomycin): K. Katagiri, et al.; J. Antibiot. 15, 273 (1962) Abstract
The mode of action of quinoxaline antibiotics. Interaction of quinomycin A with deoxyribonucleic acid: K. Sato, et al.; J. Antibiot. 20, 270 (1967) Abstract
The binding of echinomycin to deoxyribonucleic acid: S.P. Wakelin & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 157, 721 (1976) Abstract; Full Text
Bifunctional intercalation and sequence specificity in the binding of quinomycin and triostin antibiotics to deoxyribonucleic acid: J.S. Lee & M.J. Waring; Biochem. J. 173, 115 (1978) Abstract; Full Text
Kinetics of the interaction between echinomycin and deoxyribonucleic acid: K.R. Fox, et al.; Biochemistry 20, 5768 (1981) Abstract
Sequence-specific binding of echinomycin to DNA: evidence for conformational changes affecting flanking sequences: C.M. Low, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 12, 4865 (1984) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin binding sites on DNA: M.M. Van Dyke & P.B. Dervan; Science 225, 1122 (1984) Abstract
Kinetic evidence that echinomycin migrates between potential DNA binding sites: K.R. Fox & M.J. Waring; Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 595 (1985) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of echinomycin on DNA methylation: R.L. Adams & A. Rinaldi; FEBS Lett. 215, 266 (1987) Abstract
Interaction of echinomycin with An.Tn. and (AT)n regions flanking its CG binding site: K. Waterloh & K.R. Fox; Nucl. Acids Res. 19, 6719 (1991) Abstract; Full Text
Localized chemical reactivity in DNA associated with the sequence-specific bisintercalation of echinomycin: C. Bailly, et al.; Biochem. J. 300, 165 (1994) Abstract; Full Text
Energetics of echinomycin binding to DNA: F. Leng, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 31, 6191 (2003) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin inhibits chromosomal DNA replication and embryonic development in vertebrates: L.G. May, et al.; Nucl. Acids Res. 32, 65 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
Echinomycin and a novel analogue induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells via the activation of MAP kinases pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 50, 201 (2004) Abstract
Echinomycin, a small-molecule inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 DNA-binding activity: D. Kong, et al.; Cancer Res. 65, 9047 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Molecular signaling cascade in DNA bisintercalator, echinomycin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells: evidence of the apoptotic process via activation of the cytochrome c-ERK-caspase-3 pathway: J.Y. Park, et al.; Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 38, 244 (2006) Abstract
Synergistic effects of CoCl(2) and ROCK inhibition on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells: E. Pacary, et al.; J. Cell Sci. 119, 2667 (2006) Abstract; Full Text
Metabolic targeting of hypoxia and HIF1 in solid tumors can enhance cytotoxic chemotherapy: R.A. Cairns, et al.; PNAS 104, 9445 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Antibiotics - Antiviral / Anti-HIV • Antibiotics - Antifungal • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Antibiotics
 
 
ALX-385-008 Revised 13-Mar-08
Apigenin
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SYNONYMS 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavones
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ALX-385-008-M010   10 mg 35.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-385-008-M050   50 mg 105.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10O5
MW: 270.2
CAS NUMBER: 520-36-5
MERCK INDEX: 14: 730
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Light yellow to slightly brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in diluted potassium hydroxide or DMSO; slightly soluble in 100% ethanol (hot). Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4ฐC
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Has chemopreventive and antitumor properties. Induces apoptosis. Inhibits the proliferation of malignant tumor cells by G2/M arrest. MAP kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor. Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.
Product Specific Literature References
Apigenin and tangeretin enhance gap junctional intercellular communication in rat liver epithelial cells: C. Chaumontet, et al.; Carcinogenesis 15, 2325 (1994) Abstract
Apigenin induces morphological differentiation and G2-M arrest in rat neuronal cells: F. Sato, et al.; BBRC 204, 578 (1994) Abstract
Reversion of v-H-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells by apigenin through inhibiting mitogen activated protein kinase and its downstream oncogenes: M.L. Kuo and N.C. Yang; BBRC 212, 767 (1995) Abstract
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Apigenin inhibits endothelial-cell proliferation in G(2)/M phase whereas it stimulates smooth-muscle cells by inhibiting P21 and P27 expression: V. Trochon, et al.; Int. J. Cancer 85, 691 (2000) Abstract
Induction of caspase-dependent, p53-mediated apoptosis by apigenin in human neuroblastoma: R. Torkin, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 1 (2005) Abstract
Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: progress, potential and promise: D. Patel, et al.; Int. J. Oncol. 30, 233 (2007), (Review) Abstract
Apigenin inhibits tumor angiogenesis through decreasing HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression: J. Fang, et al.; Carcinogenesis 28, 858 (2007) Abstract
Apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest is mediated by modulation of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and loss of cyclin D1 associated retinoblastoma dephosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells: S. Shukla & S. Gupta; Cell Cycle 6, 1102 (2007) Abstract
Apigenin blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in vivo and proinflammatory cytokines expression by inactivating NF-kappaB through the suppression of p65 phosphorylation: C. Nicholas, et al.; J. Immunol. 179, 7121 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MAPK Pathway Inhibitors • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors • VEGFs & VEGF-Rs Other Products • Natural Products for Angiogenesis Research • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (Anti-proliferative) • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Natural Products - Antioxidants
 
 
ALX-385-009 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chrysin
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SYNONYMS 5,7-Dihydroxyflavone
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Flavones
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ALX-385-009-G001   1 g 15.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H10O4
MW: 254.2
CAS NUMBER: 480-40-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2256
RTECS: LK8329050
PURITY: ≥96%
APPEARANCE: Yellow to tan solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in pyridine or alkaline solutions; insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +20ฐC

Product Description
Antioxidant flavonoid. Shows anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996), (Review) Abstract
Chrysin-induced apoptosis is mediated through caspase activation and Akt inactivation in U937 leukemia cells: K.J. Woo, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 325, 1215 (2004) Abstract
Chrysin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through inducing p21Waf1/Cip1 expression: involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: M.S. Weng, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 69, 1815 (2005) Abstract
Dietary flavonoids: effects on xenobiotic and carcinogen metabolism:: Y.J. Moon, et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 20, 187 (2006), (Review) Abstract
Chrysin inhibits expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha through reducing hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stability and inhibiting its protein synthesis: B. Fu, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 220 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Natural Products - Antioxidants
 
 
ALX-420-025 Revised 26-Jun-08
YC-1
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SYNONYMS 3-(5'-Hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
PRODUCT LINE Nitric Oxide Pathway
PRODUCT CATEGORY Guanylyl Cyclases, Guanosine Phosphate Metabolism / Related Products
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ALX-420-025-M001   1 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-025-M005   5 mg 65.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-420-025-M025   25 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
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