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Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
You are here: Product Lines > Oxidative Stress > Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-380-042 Revised 05-May-08
Doxorubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS DXR . HCl
14-Hydroxydaunomycin . HCl
Adriamycin . HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M005   5 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M010   10 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-042-M025   25 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C27H29NO11 . HCl
MW: 543.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 25316-40-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3439
RTECS: QI9295900
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. TOXIC. MAY BE MUTAGENIC.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II. Binds covalently to DNA. Inhbibits reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase and the catalytic activity of Dnmt1. Immunosuppressive. Antineoplastic. Induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Adriamycin and daunomycin induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumour cells: A. Skladanowski & J. Konopa; Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 375 (1993) Abstract
A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracycline antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin: D.A. Gewirtz; Biochem. Pharmacol. 57, 727 (1999) Abstract
Doxorubicin treatment activates a Z-VAD-sensitive caspase, which causes deltapsim loss, caspase-9 activity, and apoptosis in Jurkat cells: S. Gamen, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 258, 223 (2000) Abstract
Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human tumor cells: Y. Lu, et al.; Mol. Carcinog. 29, 1 (2000) Abstract
Characterization of Adriamycin-Induced G2 Arrest and Its Abrogation by Caffeine in FL-Amnion Cells with or without p53: Y. Minemoto, et al.; Exp. Cell Res. 262, 37 (2001) Abstract
Enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells by adriamycin: X.X. Wu, et al.; Cancer Res. 60, 2912 (2000) Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes is ameliorated by nitrone spin traps and ebselen. Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: S. Kotamraju, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 33585 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
The power and potential of doxorubicin-DNA adducts: S.M. Cutts, et al.; IUBMB Life 57, 73 (2005), Review Abstract
Adriamycin-induced interference with cardiac mitochondrial calcium homeostasis: K.B. Wallace; Cardiovasc. Toxicol. 7, 101 (2007), Review Abstract
Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from the cardiotoxic mechanisms to managemen: G. Takemura & H. Fujiwara; Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 49, 330 (2007), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors) • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors • DNA Intercalators & Crosslinkers • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation)
 
 
ALX-380-115 Revised 03-Apr-08
Echinosporin
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SYNONYMS NSC357683
XK 213
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antitumor Antibiotics
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ALX-380-115-M001   1 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-115-M005   5 mg 360.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C10H9NO5
MW: 223.2
CAS NUMBER: 79127-35-8
RTECS: JW5313000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces sp.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in dimethyl formamide, methanol or water.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for at least 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Antitumor antibiotic. Inhibits cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase and induces apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
A new antibiotic echinosporin (XK-213) - producing organism, isolation and characterization: T. Sato, et al.; J. Antibiot. 35, 266 (1982) Abstract
Antitumor activity of echinosporin: M. Morimoto and R. Imai; J. Antibiot. 38, 490 (1985) Abstract
Approaches to the total synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic echinosporin: M. A. Kinsella; J. Org. Chem. 55, 105 (1990)
Applications of an asymmetric [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition. Total synthesis of (-)-echinosporin. Construction of an advanced 11-deoxyprostaglandin intermediate: A. B. Smith; JACS 114, 2567 (1992)
Biosynthesis of the antibiotic echinosporin by a novel branch of the shikimate pathway: A. Dubeler; Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2002, 983 (2002)
Echinosporins as new cell cycle inhibitors and apoptosis inducers from marine-derived Streptomyces albogriseolus: C.B. Cui, et al.; Fitoterapia 78, 238 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antibiotics for Cell Cycle Research
 
 
ALX-380-013 Revised 12-Jun-08
G418 . sulfate
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SYNONYMS Geneticin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics for Molecular Biology Application
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ALX-380-013-M100   100 mg 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-013-M500   500 mg 39.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-013-G001   1 g 48.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-013-G005   5 g 160.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H40N4O10 . 2H2SO4
MW: 496.6 . 196.1
CAS NUMBER: 108321-42-2
RTECS: CB9378500
PURITY: ~98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
ACTIVITY: Potency: ≥650µg/mg.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Solutions are stable for 3 to 6 months when stored at -20 °C.
HANDLING: Avoid freeze/thaw cycles.

Product Description
Gentamycin-class aminoglycoside antibiotic. Cytotoxic to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Induces apoptosis. Widely employed in the selection of eukaryotic expression vectors, in combination with either aminoglycoside phosphotransferase 3’ or APH II.
Product Specific Literature References
Antibiotic G-418, a new Micromonospora-produced aminoglycoside with activity against protozoa and helminths: fermentation, isolation, and preliminary characterization: G.H. Wagman, et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 6, 144 (1974) Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C is activated allosterically by the aminoglycoside G418. 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-scyllo-inositol-1-O-dodecylphosphonate and its analogs inhibit glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase C: J.C. Morris, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 15468 (1996) Abstract
Addition of G418 and other aminoglycoside antibiotics to mammalian cells results in the release of GPI-anchored proteins: M. Kung, et al.; FEBS Lett. 409, 333 (1997) Abstract
Cytochrome c release and endoplasmic reticulum stress are involved in caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by G418: Q.H. Jin, et al.; Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61, 1816 (2004) Abstract
Expression and distribution of HSP27 in response to G418 in different human breast cancer cell lines: L. Qian, et al.; Histochem. Cell Biol. 126, 593 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Carbohydrates • Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-350-239 Revised 22-Apr-08
Gliotoxin
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SYNONYMS [3R-(3α, 5aβ,6β,10aα)]-2,3,5a,6-Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-10H-3,10a-epi-dithiopyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-350-239-M001   1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C13H14N2O4S2
MW: 326.4
CAS NUMBER: 67-99-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4441
RTECS: KB4725000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Gladiocladium fimbriatum.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to light yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Immunomodulating mycotoxin which acts by blocking membrane thiol groups. Causes apoptotic cell death in macrophages and thymocytes. Induces Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria. Inhibits the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Antioxidant.
Product Specific Literature References
Identification of an agent in cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus displaying anti-phagocytic and immunomodulating activity in vitro: A. Müllbacher, et al.; J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1251 (1985) Abstract
R.J. Jones & J.G. Hancock; J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 2067 (1988)
Gliotoxin stimulates Ca2+ release from intact rat liver mitochondria: M. Schweizer & C. Richter; Biochemistry 33, 13401 (1994) Abstract
Extracellular calcium is not required for gliotoxin or dexamethasone- induced DNA fragmentation: a reappraisal of the use of EGTA: P. Waring & A. Sjaarda; Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 17, 403 (1995) Abstract
Gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines: P. Waring & J. Beaver; Gen. Pharmacol. 27, 1311 (1996), Review Abstract
The immunosuppressive fungal metabolite gliotoxin specifically inhibits transcription factor NF-kappaB: H.L. Pahl, et al.; J.Exp. Med. 183, 1829 (1996) Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response via gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of monocytes: M. Stanzani, et al.; Blood 105, 2258 (2005) Abstract
Discovery of gliotoxin as a new small molecule targeting thioredoxin redox system: H.S. Choi, et al.; BBRC 359, 523 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Natural Products - NF-kB Pathway Inhibitors • Mycotoxins • Antibiotics - Immunomodulators
 
 
ALX-380-260 Revised 07-Apr-08
Idarubicin . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS Idamycin
DMDR
4-Demethoxydaunorubicin
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-380-260-M001   1 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-380-260-M005   5 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H27NO9 . HCl
MW: 497.5 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 57852-57-0
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4886
RTECS: HB7877000
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: Orange crystalline solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HAZARD: VERY TOXIC. MAY BE TERATOGENIC. MAY BE CARCINOGENIC.

Product Description
More potent, lipophilic and antineoplastic analog of daunorubicin. DNA-damaging effect includes DNA oxidation and methylation, DNA intercalation, inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of DNA strand breaks and delay of cell cycle progression. Inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα. Produces endonucleolytic cleavage and is a marker of apoptosis.
Product Specific Literature References
Idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin). A preliminary overview of preclinical and clinical studies: F. Ganzina, et al.; Invest. New Drugs 4, 85 (1986), Review Abstract
Antitumor activity of idarubicin, a derivative of daunorubicin, against drug sensitive and resistant P388 leukemia: T. Tsuruo, et al.; Anticancer Res. 13, 357 (1993) Abstract
Study of apoptosis-related responses of leukemic blast cells to in vitro anthracycline treatment: M.A. Belaud-Rotureau, et al.; Leukemia 14, 1266 (2000) Abstract
A comparison of the in vitro genotoxicity of anticancer drugs idarubicin and mitoxantrone: J. Blasiak, et al.; Acta Biochim. Pol. 49, 145 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Repair of idarubicin-induced DNA damage: A cause of resistance?: D.C. Dartsch & F. Gieseler; DNA Repair (Amst) 6, 1618 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antitumor Agents (DNA Interaction & Gene Regulation) • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Antitumor Antibiotics • Antibiotics - Topoisomerase Inhibitors
 
 
ALX-450-006 Revised 07-Apr-08
Ionomycin (free acid)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-450-006-M001   1 mg 75.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-006-M005   5 mg 290.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C41H72O9
MW: 709.0
CAS NUMBER: 56092-81-0
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces conglobatus.
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Pale-yellow oil.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
USE/STABILITY: Stock solutions are stable for 1 year when stored at +4°C.
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Potent and selective calcium ionophore. Ca2+/ionomycin complex forms between pH 7-9.5 which has intense UV absorption. Induces apoptotic neuronal degeneration in embryonic cortical neurons and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase.
Product Specific Literature References
Characterization of ionomycin as a calcium ionophore: C.M. Liu & T.E. Herman; J. Biol. Chem. 253, 5892 (1978) Abstract; Full Text
Structure of ionomycin - a novel diacidic polyether antibiotic having high affinity for calcium ions: B.K. Toeplitz at al.; JACS 101, 3344 (1979)
Demonstration of a calcium requirement for secretory protein processing and export. Differential effects of calcium and dithiothreitol: G. Kuznetsov, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 267, 3932 (1992) Abstract; Full Text
Potentiation of calcium- and caffeine-induced calcium release by cyclic ADP-ribose: H.C. Lee; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 293 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
Contrasting effect of transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on proliferation and interleukin-2 receptor expression in activated and rapidly cycling immature (CD3-CD4-CD8-) thymocytes: A. Dupuy d'Angeac, et al.; J. Cell. Physiol. 154, 44 (1993) Abstract
Ca2+ ionophore-induced apoptosis on cultured embryonic rat cortical neurons: N. Takei & Y. Endo; Brain Res. 652, 65 (1994) Abstract
Differential activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in human B lymphocytes. Role in ionomycin-induced apoptosis: K.M. Aagaard-Tillery & D.F. Jelinek; J. Immunol. 155, 3297 (1995) Abstract
ctivation of stress response by ionomycin in rat hepatoma cells: A. S. Sreedhar & U. K. Srinivas; J. Cell. Biochem. 86, 154 (2002) Abstract
Ionomycin downregulates beta-catenin/Tcf signaling in colon cancer cell line: C.H. Park, et al.; Carcinogenesis 26, 1929 (2005) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antibiotics for Cell Cycle Research • Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products
 
 
ALX-450-007 Revised 20-Aug-08
Ionomycin . calcium salt
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Ionophores
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ALX-450-007-M001   1 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-450-007-M005   5 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C41H70O9 . Ca
MW: 707.0 . 40.1
CAS NUMBER: 56092-82-1
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces conglobatus.
PURITY: ≥97%
APPEARANCE: White solid.
SOLUBILITY: 10mg/ml soluble in DMSO or 100% ethanol, 5mg/ml soluble in methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
For technical information and literature references see Ionomycin (free acid) (Prod. No. ALX-450-006).
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Antibiotics for Cell Cycle Research • Cell Cycle Blockers & Inhibitors / Related Products
 
 
ALX-380-229 Revised 14-Jan-08
Isoapoptolidin
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors
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ALX-380-229-MC01   0.1 mg 320.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C58H96O21
MW: 1129.4
CAS NUMBER: 476647-30-0
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Amycolatopsis sp. MST-AS5912.
PURITY: ≥90% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Isomer of apoptolidin (Prod. No. ALX-380-207). In water an equilibrium mixture of apoptolidin:isoapoptolidin (~1.5:1) is formed within hours. Less active F0F1-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=17µM) than apoptolidin (IC50=0.7µM).
Product Specific Literature References
Toward a stable apoptolidin derivative: identification of isoapoptolidin and selective deglycosylation of apoptolidin: J.D. Pennington, et al.; Org. Lett. 4, 3823 (2002) Abstract
Isoapoptolidin: structure and activity of the ring-expanded isomer of apoptolidin: P.A. Wender, et al.; Org. Lett. 4, 3819 (2002) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Respiratory Chain Other Products
 
 
ALX-350-245 Revised 07-Apr-08
Lactacystin (native)
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics - Proteasome / Ubiquitin Modulators
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ALX-350-245-MC01   0.1 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-245-MC05   0.5 mg 250.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-245-M001   1 mg 445.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C15H24N2O7S
MW: 376.4