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Calcium Indicators / Probes
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ALX-610-025 Revised 03-Feb-05
Calcein
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SYNONYMS 3,3'-bis[N,N-bis(Carboxymethyl)aminomethyl]fluorescein
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-610-025-G001   1 g 38.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H26N2O13
MW: 622.5
CAS NUMBER: 1461-15-0
PURITY: ≥95%
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C

Product Description
For fluorometric determination of calcium and EDTA titration in presence of magnesium.
Product Specific Literature References
Indicator for titration of calcium in presence of magnesium with disodium dihydrogen ethylene diaminetetraacetate: H. Diehl & J.L. Ellingboe; Anal. Chem. 28, 882 (1956)
D.F.H. Wallach, et al.; Anal. Chem. 31, 456 (1959)
Further Categories Containing This Product:
P-glycoprotein [Pgp] / Related Products • MDR-associated Proteins [MRPs] / Related Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes
 
 
ALX-610-026 Revised 03-Oct-08
Calcein AM
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SYNONYMS 3',6'-Di(O-acetyl-2',7'-bis[N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-aminomethyl]fluorescein tetraacetoxymethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Other Products
PRODUCT CATEGORY Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
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ALX-610-026-M001   1 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C46H46N2O23
MW: 994.9
CAS NUMBER: 148504-34-1
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: White to yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture. Packaged under inert gas.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR.

Product Description
Cell permeable derivative of calcein (Prod. No. ALX-610-025). When it permeates into the cytoplasm, it is hydrolyzed by esterases into the parent calcein which remains inside the cell. Has been used in a functional assay to measure P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) activities.
Product Specific Literature References
Kinetic analysis of calcein and calcein-acetoxymethylester efflux mediated by the multidrug resistance protein and P-glycoprotein: M. Essodaigui, et al.; Biochemistry 37, 2243 (1998) Abstract
Pgp and MRP activities using calcein-AM are prognostic factors in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients: O. Legrand, et al.; Blood 91, 4480 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Simultaneous activity of MRP1 and Pgp is correlated with in vitro resistance to daunorubicin and with in vivo resistance in adult acute myeloid leukemia: O. Legrand, et al.; Blood 94, 1046 (1999) Abstract; Full Text
Both Pgp and MRP1 activities using calcein-AM contribute to drug resistance in AML: O. Legrand, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 457, 161 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
P-glycoprotein [Pgp] / Related Products • MDR-associated Proteins [MRPs] / Related Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes
 
 
ALX-350-238 Revised 03-Apr-08
Chlortetracycline . hydrochloride
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SYNONYMS Aureomycin . HCI
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Antibiotics Other Products
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ALX-350-238-G001   1 g 20.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-238-G005   5 g 35.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C22H23ClN2O8. HCl
MW: 478.9 . 36.5
CAS NUMBER: 64-72-2
MERCK INDEX: 14: 2192
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.
PURITY: ~80%
APPEARANCE: Yellow powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Antibiotic. Inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. Used as a fluorescent Ca2+ probe.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of thrombin-induced secretion from platelets by chlortetracycline and its analogs: E.H. Murer and E. Siojo; Thromb. Haemost. 47, 62 (1982) Abstract
Characterization of chlortetracycline (aureomycin) as a calcium ionophore: J.R. White & F.L. Pearce; Biochemistry 21, 6309 (1982) Abstract
Effect of bile acids on intracellular calcium in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets: N. Thibault & F. Ballett; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 289 (1993) Abstract
Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in edible animal tissues, liquid chromatographic method: collaborative study: J.D. MacNeil, et al.; J. AOAC Int. 79, 405 (1996) Abstract
The effect of chlortetracycline treatment and its subsequent withdrawal on multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and commensal Escherichia coli in the pig: A.A. Delsol, et al.; J. Appl. Microbiol. 95, 1226 (2003) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
tRNA / Related Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-620-063 Revised 03-Feb-05
Coelenterazine
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SYNONYMS 2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-(7H)-one
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-620-063-C050   50 µg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H21N3O3
MW: 423.5
CAS NUMBER: 55779-48-1
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Brown solid.
SOLUBILITY: Slightly soluble in methanol or ethanol. Avoid DMSO.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas. Keep calcium free when stored in solution.

Product Description
Cell permeable, very sensitive and specific chemiluminescence probe of the superoxide anion and peroxynitrite. When oxidized by oxygen it emits blue light at 446nm when Ca2+ binds to the complex. Powerful antioxidant. See also 2-(4-Dehydroxy)coelenterazine (Prod. No. ALX-620-062).
Product Specific Literature References
Use of calcium-regulated photoproteins as intracellular Ca2+ indicators: J.R. Blinks; Meth. Enzymol. 172, 164 (1989) Abstract
Slow calcium waves accompany cytokinesis in medaka fish eggs: R.A. Fluck, et al.; J. Cell Biol. 115, 1259 (1991) Abstract
Coelenterazine is a superoxide anion-sensitive chemiluminescent probe: its usefulness in the assay of respiratory burst in neutrophils: M. Lucas & F. Solano; Anal. Biochem. 206, 273 (1992) Abstract
Aequorin-expressing mammalian cell lines used to report Ca2+ mobilization: D. Button & M. Brownstein; Cell Calcium 14, 663 (1993) Abstract
Imaging [Ca2+]i with aequorin using a photon imaging detector: A.L. Miller, et al.; Meth. Cell Biol. 40, 305 (1994) Abstract
Intracellular free calcium level and its response to cAMP stimulation in developing Dictyostelium cells transformed with jellyfish apoaequorin cDNA: S. Saran, et al.; FEBS Lett. 337, 43 (1994) Abstract
The origins of marine bioluminescence: turning oxygen defence mechanisms into deep-sea communication tools: J.F. Rees, et al.; J. Exp. Biol. 201, 1211 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation: M.M. Tarpey, et al.; Circ. Res. 84, 1203 (1999) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Indicators / Probes • Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Luciferin & Luciferase / Related Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-620-062 Revised 01-Jun-06
2-(4-Dehydroxy)coelenterazine
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SYNONYMS Coelenterazine h
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Peroxynitrite / Scavengers / Detection
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ALX-620-062-C050   50 µg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C26H21N3O2
MW: 407.5
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol or methanol; slightly soluble in water. Avoid DMSO as product is unstable in this solvent.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Keep under inert gas. Keep calcium free when stored in solution.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Derivative of coelenterazine (Prod. No. ALX-620-063) with ~20 times higher luminescence intensity.
Product Specific Literature References
Semi-synthetic aequorins with improved sensitivity to Ca2+ ions: O. Shimomura, et al.; Biochem. J. 261, 913 (1989) Abstract
Preparation and handling of aequorin solutions for the measurement of cellular Ca2+: O. Shimomura; Cell Calcium 12, 635 (1991) Abstract
Imaging calcium dynamics in living plants using semi-synthetic recombinant aequorins: M.R. Knight, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 121, 83 (1993) Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals in Dictyostelium chemotaxis are mediated exclusively by Ca2+ influx: T. Nebl & P.R. Fisher; J. Cell Sci. 110, 2845 (1997) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Calcium Indicators / Probes • Antioxidants, Flavonoids & Free Radical Scavengers Other Products • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-620-002 Revised 04-Feb-05
FLUO 3 . pentaammonium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-Amino-5-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5NH3
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-002-M001   1 mg 210.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C36H30Cl2N2O13 . 5 NH3
MW: 769.6 . 85.2
CAS NUMBER: 134907-84-9
PURITY: ≥75%
APPEARANCE: Reddish brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alkaline solution.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.

Product Description
Ca2+ chelator and indicator. Designed to operate at longer wavelengths of excitation. Among the advantages that it offers are the suitability of argon laser sources for excitations, less interference from endogenous autofluorescence, and the possibility of using other fluorescent probes simultaneously. As with QUIN 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-006), this chelator responds to Ca2+ without significant changes in excitation or emission maxima hence ratioing techniques cannot be used for the estimation of Ca2+ concentrations. A unique feature of FLUO 3 is that both the acetoxymethyl ester (FLUO 3/AM) and the uncomplexed chelator (FLUO 3) are only weakly fluorescent, but chelation with Ca2+ produces a strong enhancement of fluorescence.
Product Specific Literature References
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures: R.Y. Tsien; Biochemistry 19, 2396 (1980) Abstract
Fluorescence measurement and photochemical manipulation of cytosolic free calcium: R.Y. Tsien; TINS 11, 419 (1988) Abstract
Kinetics of calcium binding to fluo-3 determined by stopped-flow fluorescence: M. Eberhard & P. Erne; BBRC 163, 309 (1989) Abstract
Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic calcium based on rhodamine and fluorescein chromophores: A. Minta, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8171 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3: J.P.Y. Kao, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8179 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Use of fluo-3 to measure cytosolic Ca2+ in platelets and neutrophils. Loading cells with the dye, calibration of traces, measurements in the presence of plasma, and buffering of cytosolic Ca2+: J.E. Merritt, et al.; Biochem. J. 269, 513 (1990) Abstract
Improved method for measuring intracellular Ca++ with fluo-3: G.T. Rijkers, et al.; Cytometry 11, 923 (1990) Abstract
Control of mitochondrial matrix calcium: studies using fluo-3 as a fluorescent calcium indicator: A. Saavedra-Molina, et al.; BBRC 167, 148 (1990) Abstract
Effects of photolabile calcium chelators on fluorescent calcium indicators: R.S. Zucker; Cell Calcium 13, 29 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-620-003 Revised 15-Jan-08
FLUO 3/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[Amino-5-(2,7-dichloro-6-acetomethoxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)phenoxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxy-methyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-003-M001   1 mg 260.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C51H50Cl2N2O23
MW: 1129.9
CAS NUMBER: 121714-22-5
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Red solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (0.9mg/ml) and acetonitrile (2mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by 1H-NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of FLUO 3 (Prod. No. ALX-620-002). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is quickly metabolized by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant FLUO 3.
Product Specific Literature References
Photochemically generated cytosolic calcium pulses and their detection by fluo-3: J.P.Y. Kao, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8179 (1989) Abstract; Full Text
Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: long-range glial signaling: A.H. Cornell-Bell, et al.; Science 247, 470 (1990) Abstract
Control of mitochondrial matrix calcium: studies using fluo-3 as a fluorescent calcium indicator: A. Saavedra-Molina, et al.; BBRC 167, 148 (1990) Abstract
Flow cytometric measurement of cytoplasmic free calcium in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes with fluo-3, a new fluorescent calcium indicator: P.A. Vadenberghe & J.L. Ceuppens; J. Immunol. Meth. 127, 197 (1990) Abstract
Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha induces calcium oscillation and calcium-activated chloride current in human neutrophils. The role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase: M.A. Schumann, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2134 (1993) Abstract; Full Text
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION

General Protocol (for Human T cells)
Reagents:
2mM Fluo 3/AM/DMSO (1mg Fluo 3/AM in 442μl DMSO)
Pluronic F127
Hanks-balanced salt solution (HBSS)
HEPES buffer saline (10mM HEPES, 1mM Na2HPO4, 137mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 1mM CaCl2, 0.5mM MgCl2, 5mM glucose, 0.1% BSA, pH 7.4)

Protocol:
1. Add 16.5mg Pluronic F127 to Fluo 3/AM/DMSO solution. Pluronic F127 prevents aggregation of Fluo 3/AM in HBSS and helps uptake with cells.
2. Dilute the Fluo 3/AM solution with HBSS to prepare 4 mM Fluo 3/AM working solution.
3. Add the Fluo 3/AM working solution to the cells, and incubate at 37 ºC for 20min.
4. Add 5 volumes of HBSS containing 1% fetal calf serum, and continue the incubation for another 40min.
5. Wash the cells 3 times with HEPES buffer saline. Then resuspend the cells to prepare 1x105 cells/ml solution using HEPES buffer saline.
6. Incubate at 37ºC for 10min. Then use the cells for fluorescent calcium ion detection.
7. Monitor the fluorescence at 528nm (excitation: 490-500nm)

Cell staining conditions differ by cell types, so it is necessary to optimize the conditions for each experiment.



Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-620-004 Revised 21-May-08
FURA 2 . pentapotassium salt
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-(5-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methyl-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid . 5K
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-004-M001   1 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H22N3O14 . 5K
MW: 636.5 . 195.5
CAS NUMBER: 113694-64-7
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Yellow to orange solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY:

Identity determined by NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Ca2+ chelator that offers more than 30-fold greater fluorescence intensity than QUIN 2, (Prod. No. ALX-620-006), allowing much smaller amounts to be used and minimizes toxic effects and other artifacts. Shows a strong shift in UV absorption maxima on chelation of Ca2+. Ca2+ concentration has been shown to be closely correlated to the ratios of fluorescence, measured at ~510nm, when excitated at 340nm and at 380nm. This ratioing method allows estimation of Ca2+ concentration independent of the dye concentration. Used in many cellular systems, including cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and medullary collecting tubules.
Product Specific Literature References
Spontaneous and experimentally evoked [Ca2+]i-transients in cardiac myocytes measured by means of a fast Fura-2 technique: S. Bals, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 385 (1990) Abstract
Measurement of intracellular Ca2+ in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells using Fura-2 and digital imaging microscopy: W.F. Goldman, et al.; Cell Calcium 11, 221 (1990) Abstract
Ryanodine reveals multiple contractile and relaxant mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle: simultaneous measurements of mechanical activity and of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ level with fura-2: T. Hisayama, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 100, 677 (1990) Abstract
Cholinergic agonists increase cell calcium in rat medullary collecting tubules. A fura-2 study: J. Marchetti, et al.; Pfluegers Arch. 416, 561 (1990) Abstract
Estimation of intracellular calcium activity in confluent monolayers of primary cultures of quail medullary bone osteoclasts: S. Arkle, et al.; Exp. Physiol. 79, 975 (1994) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION FURA 2 pentapotassium salt is not cell-permeable. Cells need to be loaded by pressure microinjection or permeabilized prior to use this compound. These approaches are only suggestions as optimal conditions should be determined by individual users.
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-620-005 Revised 22-Feb-08
FURA 2/AM
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SYNONYMS 1-[2-(5-Carboxyoxazol-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxy]-2-(2'-amino-5'-methyl-phenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, pentaacetoxymethyl ester
PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Calcium Chelators / Caged Calcium Chelators
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ALX-620-005-M001   1 mg 135.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C44H47N3O24
MW: 1001.9
CAS NUMBER: 108964-32-5
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetonitrile or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Protect from light and moisture.
IDENTITY: Determined by 1H-NMR and fluorescence.

Product Description
Cell permeable analog of FURA 2 (Prod. No. ALX-620-004). Fluorescent probe for Ca2+. After crossing the membrane, the product is quickly metabolized by cytoplasmic esterases to the membrane impermeant FURA 2.
Product Specific Literature References
Fura-2 measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in monolayers and suspensions of various types of animal cells: A. Malgaroli, et al.; J. Cell. Biol. 105, 2145 (1987) Abstract
A Ca2+-insensitive form of fura-2 associated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Assessment and accurate Ca2+ measurement: M. Scanlon, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 6308 (1987) Abstract; Full Text
Intracellular calibration of the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2: D.A. Williams & F.S. Fay; Cell Calcium 11, 75 (1990) Abstract
Stretch-induced increases in intracellular calcium of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells: M.J. Davis, et al.; Am. J. Physiol. 263, H1292 (1992) Abstract
Positive and negative inotropic effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13- acetate: relationship to PKC-dependence and changes in [Ca2+]i: C.A. Ward & M.P. Moffat; J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 24, 937 (1992) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
MDR Other Products • Calcium Indicators / Probes • Dyes / Stains / Fluorescent Probes / Fluorescent Labels
 
 
ALX-450-004 Revised 04-Feb-05
INDO 1 . pentapotassium salt