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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-270-375 Revised 04-Feb-05
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-dimethylacetal
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SYNONYMS HNE-DA
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-375-1   1 Vial 98.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C11H22O3
MW: 202.3
PURITY: ≥85% (HPLC)
FORMULATION: Liquid. 6.8mg in 1ml n-hexane. Yields ~5.2mg aldehyde after hydrolysis.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Unopened vial is stable for at least one year after receipt.
HANDLING: Keep cool and dry.

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Product Description
Derivative from (E)-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245). Can be used to freshly prepare HNE.
Product Specific Literature References
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes: H. Esterbauer, R.J. Schaur & H. Zollner; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 11, 81 (1991) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Preparation and use of (E)-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) from the Acetal (HNE-DA):
- Evaporate the n-hexane under a gentle stream of nitrogen at RT. Continue to work at +4°C.
- Add 1ml of 1mM HCl (+4°C) and stir for about 45 minutes or close the vial and shake for 30 minutes.
- The initially cloudy suspension becomes almost clear as saponification proceeds.
- The resulting aqueous HNE solution has a pH of 3 and contains ~5.2mg of aldehyde.
- This solution, if kept at +4°C, is stable for at least 24 hours.
- If neutralized (see Note) this product is stable for 6 hours.
- We recommend to use the in situ prepared HNE immediately.
Note:  HNE decomposes (polymerizes) in basic solution within a few minutes. Never use alkalies to neutralize the pH, but rather appropriately concentrated buffers. During saponification, methanol is generated. If methanol is undesirable, HNE can be extracted in chloroform or dichloromethane. HNE is only sparingly soluble in water.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-405 Revised 14-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxyhexenal
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SYNONYMS 4-HHE
(E)-(±)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipid Peroxidation
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M001   1 mg 45.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M005   5 mg 199.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-405-M010   10 mg 354.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C6H10O2
MW: 114.1
CAS NUMBER: 160708-91-8
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml 
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in ethanol.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, dimethyl formamide or acetonitrile.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaneoic acid.
Product Specific Literature References
4-Hydroxyhexenal: a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized docosahexaenoic acid: F.J. Van Kuijk, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1043, 116 (1990) Abstract
Quantitative measurement of 4-hydroxyalkenals in oxidized low-density lipoprotein by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: F.J. van Kuijk, et al.; Anal. Biochem. 224, 420 (1995) Abstract
Induction of endothelial iNOS by 4-hydroxyhexenal through NF-kappaB activation: J.Y. Lee, et al.; Free Radic Biol. Med. 37, 539 (2004) Abstract
NF-kappaB activation mechanism of 4-hydroxyhexenal via NIK/IKK and p38 MAPK pathway: J.H. Je, et al.; FEBS Lett. 566, 183 (2004) Abstract
Induction of endothelial apoptosis by 4-hydroxyhexenal: J.Y. Lee, et al.; Eur. J. Biochem. 271, 1339 (2004) Abstract
Specific markers of lipid peroxidation issued from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: M. Guichardant, et al.; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 32, 139 (2004) Abstract
4-Hydroxyhexenal is a potent inducer of the mitochondrial permeability transition: B.S. Kristal, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6033 (1996) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the ethanol under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
 
 
ALX-270-406 Revised 07-Jul-08
(E)-4-Hydroxynonenal-d3
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SYNONYMS HNE-d3
(±)-4-Hydroxy-9,9,9-d3-non-2E-enal
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
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ALX-270-406-C050   50 µg 55.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H13D3O2
MW: 159.2
PURITY: ≥99%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in methyl acetate.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (25mg/ml), dimethyl formamide (25mg/ml) or 100% ethanol (50mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C.

Product Description
Internal standard for the quantification of hydroxynonenal (HNE) (Prod. No. ALX-270-245) by GC- or LC-mass spectometry. Contains three deuterium atoms at the terminal methyl position.
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the methyl acetate under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice.
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Lipid Peroxidation
 
 
ALX-270-407 Revised 24-Jul-08
4-Oxo-2-nonenal
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SYNONYMS 4-ONE
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Lipid Peroxidation
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ALX-270-407-M001   1 mg 108.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-407-M005   5 mg 483.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C9H14O2
MW: 154.2
CAS NUMBER: 103560-62-9
CONCENTRATION: 10mg/ml
PURITY: ≥98%
FORMULATION: Liquid. Solution in methyl acetate.
SOLUBILITY: 50mg/ml soluble in 100% ethanol, dimethyl formamide or DMSO; sparingly soluble in PBS, pH 7.2 (0.5mg/ml).
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON DRY ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -80°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 6 months after receipt when stored at -80°C. Keep aqueous solutions on ice and use within 12 hours.

Product Description
Lipid peroxidation product. Modifies histidine and lysine residues in proteins and causes protein cross-linking, modifies 2'-deoxyguanosine, and implicates lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Product Specific Literature References
Covalent modifications to 2'-deoxyguanosine by 4-oxo-2-nonenal, a novel product of lipid peroxidation: D. Rindgen, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 12, 1195 (1999) Abstract
Characterization of 4-oxo-2-nonenal as a novel product of lipid peroxidation: S.H. Lee, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 698 (2000) Abstract
Aldehydic lipid peroxidation products derived from linoleic acid: P. Spiteller, et al.; Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1531, 188 (2001) Abstract
Mass spectroscopic characterization of protein modification by 4-hydroxy-2-(E)-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-(E)-nonenal: Z. Liu, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 16, 901 (2003) Abstract
Model studies on protein side chain modification by 4-oxo-2-nonenal: W.H. Zhang, et al.; Chem. Res Toxicol. 16, 512 (2003) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells treated with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and structurally related aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation: J.D. West, et al.; Chem. Res. Toxicol. 17, 453 (2004) Abstract
General Information
BACKGROUND/TECHNICAL INFORMATION To change the solvent, evaporate the methyl acetate under a gentle stream of nitrogen and immediately add the solvent of choice. Further dilutions of the stock solution into aqueous buffers or isotonic saline should be made prior to performing biological experiments.
 
 
ALX-270-412 Revised 23-Mar-06
N-Oxalylglycine
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SYNONYMS NOG
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products
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ALX-270-412-M010   10 mg 40.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-412-M050   50 mg 120.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C4H5NO5
MW: 147.1
CAS NUMBER: 5262-39-5
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Stable for at least 1 year after receipt when stored at -20°C.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Cell permeable, competitive inhibitor of PHDs (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins; HIF-PHs).
Product Specific Literature References
Novel inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. 3. Inhibition by the substrate analogue N-oxaloglycine and its derivatives: C.J. Cunliffe, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 35, 2652 (1992) Abstract
General Literature References
Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase by oxalyl amino acid derivatives in vitro, in isolated microsomes and in embryonic chicken tissues: E. Baader, et al.; Biochem. J. 300, 525 (1994) Abstract
Targeting of HIF-alpha to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation: P. Jaakkola, et al.; Science 292, 468 (2001) Abstract
C. elegans EGL-9 and mammalian homologs define a family of dioxygenases that regulate HIF by prolyl hydroxylation: A.C. Epstein, et al.; Cell 107, 43 (2001) Abstract
Structure of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) reveals mechanism of oxidative modification of HIF-1 alpha: J.M. Elkins, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 1802 (2003) Abstract
Catalytic properties of the asparaginyl hydroxylase (FIH) in the oxygen sensing pathway are distinct from those of its prolyl 4-hydroxylases: P. Koivunen, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9899 (2004) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-413 Revised 23-Mar-06
N-Oxalyl-L-alanine
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SYNONYMS NOLA
N-Oxalyl-2S-alanine
NOxSA
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products
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ALX-270-413-M010   10 mg 60.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-413-M050   50 mg 180.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H7NO5 . H2O
MW: 161.1 . 18.0
PURITY: ≥98% (TLC)
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Very hygroscopic.

Product Description
Cell permeable, competitive inhibitor of PHDs (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins; HIF-PHs). Less potent inhibitor of factor inhibiting HIF asparagine hydroxylase (FIH, IC50=2.5mM).
Product Specific Literature References
Targeting of HIF-alpha to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation: P. Jaakkola, et al.; Science 292, 468 (2001) Abstract
Structure of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) reveals mechanism of oxidative modification of HIF-1 alpha: J.M. Elkins, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 1802 (2003) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-414 Revised 06-Jul-06
N-Oxalyl-D-alanine
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SYNONYMS NODA
N-Oxalyl-2R-alanine
NOxRA
PRODUCT LINE Oxidative Stress
PRODUCT CATEGORY Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products
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ALX-270-414-M010   10 mg 80.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-414-M050   50 mg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C5H7NO5 . H2O
MW: 161.1 . 18.0
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or DMSO.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: Very hygroscopic.

Product Description
Cell permeable, potent competitive inhibitor of factor inhibiting HIF asparagine hydroxylase (FIH, IC50<0.4mM). Does not inhibit PHDs (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins; HIF-PHs).
Product Specific Literature References
Targeting of HIF-alpha to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation: P. Jaakkola, et al.; Science 292, 468 (2001) Abstract
Structure of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) reveals mechanism of oxidative modification of HIF-1 alpha: J.M. Elkins, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 278, 1802 (2003) Abstract
 
 
ALX-270-418 Revised 16-Jun-08
Gallotannin
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SYNONYMS Tannic acid
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products - DNA Regulation / Transcription
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ALX-270-418-G001   1 g 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C76H52O46
MW: 1701.2
CAS NUMBER: 1401-55-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 9052
RTECS: WW5075000
SOURCE/HOST: Occurs in the bark and fruit of many plants, notably in the bark of the oak species, in sumac and myrobalan.
PURITY: >95%
APPEARANCE: Beige to light brown powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, 100% ethanol, acetone or warm glycerol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
SHORT TERM STORAGE: +4°C
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: IRRITANT.

Product Description
Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Cytoprotective in oxidatively stressed cells. Inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS; NOS III) and weak inhibitor of inducible (iNOS; NOS II) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; NOS I). Induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Free radical scavenger.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of constitutive endothelial NO-synthase activity by tannin and quercetin: M. Chiesi & R. Schwaller; Biochem. Pharmacol. 49, 495 (1995) Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase inhibitor gallotannin blocks oxidative astrocyte death: W. Ying, et al.; Neuroreport 11, 1385 (2000) Abstract
Green tea polyphenols and tannic acid act as potent inhibitors of phorbol ester-induced nitric oxide generation in rat hepatocytes independent of their antioxidant properties: R.C. Srivastava, et al.; Cancer Lett. 153, 1 (2000) Abstract
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by gallotannin selectively up-regulates expression of proinflammatory genes: E. Rapizzi, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 890 (2004) Abstract
Tannic acid in plant dust causes airway obstruction: D. Taubert, et al.; Thorax 60, 789 (2005) Abstract
Prominent free radicals scavenging activity of tannic acid in lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental mice: I.H. El-Sayed, et al.; Toxicol. Ind. Health 22, 157 (2006) Abstract
The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in IMR-90 cells: C.H. Chen, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 962 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
NOS Inhibitors (NOS Induction & Enzyme Activity) • PARG / Related Products • DNA Repair Other Products • Free Radical Scavengers • Natural Products - Nitric Oxide Pathway Modulators • Phenolic Acids
 
 
ALX-270-428 Revised 25-Feb-08
Salubrinal
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PRODUCT LINE Signal Transduction
PRODUCT CATEGORY Phosphatases Other Products
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ALX-270-428-M001   1 mg 30.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-270-428-M005   5 mg 110.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C21H20Cl3N4OS
MW: 479.8
CAS NUMBER: 405060-95-9
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO (10mg/ml).
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
USE/STABILITY: Product may darken when exposed to air. Stock solutions are stable for up to 3 months when stored at -20°C.