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Oxidative Stress
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ALX-350-043 Revised 06-Jun-08
Microcystin-RR
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Microcystins
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Product Numbers: Format: Size: Unit Price: Quantity: Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C050   50 µg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C100   100 µg 125.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C250   250 µg 240.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-C500   500 µg 470.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-043-M001   1 mg 850.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C49H75N13O12
MW: 1038.2
CAS NUMBER: 111755-37-4
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa.
PURITY: ≥95% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Clear to whitish film adhered to inside of vial.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 80% aqueous methanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C
HANDLING: For maximum product recovery after thawing, centrifuge the vial before opening the cap.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. VERY TOXIC. HIGHLY IRRITANT.
IDENTITY: Identity determined by MS.

Product Description
Arg-Arg analog of microcystin-LR (Prod. No. ALX-350-012). Hepatotoxic, although found to be up to 10-fold less toxic than microcystin-LR on i.p. injection in mice. Potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).
Product Specific Literature References
The structure of a cyclic peptide toxin, cyanogenosin-RR from Microcystis aeruginosa: P. Painuly, et al.; THL 29, 11 (1988)
Toxicity and toxins of natural blooms and isolated strains of Microcystis spp. (Cyanobacteria) and improved procedure for purification of cultures: M. Shirai, et al.; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 1241 (1991) Abstract
Inhibition of protein phosphatases activates glucose-6-phosphatase in isolated rat hepatocytes: S. Claeyssens, et al.; FEBS Lett. 315, 7 (1993) Abstract
Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of microcystins in raw and treated waters: L.A. Lawton, et al.; Analyst 119, 1525 (1994) Abstract
Determination of some physicochemical parameters of microcystins (cyanobacterial toxins) and trace level analysis in environmental samples using liquid chromatography: C. Rivasseau, et al.; J. Chromatogr. A 799, 155 (1998) Abstract
Physiological and biochemical analyses of microcystin-RR toxicity to the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus: Z.Q. Hu, et al.; Environ. Toxicol. 19, 571 (2004) Abstract
Microcystin-RR-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and alteration of antioxidant systems in tobacco BY-2 cells: L. Yin, et al.; Toxicon. 46, 507 (2005) Abstract
Related Products
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Marine Natural Products • Oxidative Stress Markers & Reagents / Related Products
 
 
ALX-350-052 Revised 17-Nov-08
Dihydrocapsaicin
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SYNONYMS 8-Methyl-N-vanillylnonanamide
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Neurotoxins
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ALX-350-052-M010   10 mg 28.00 USD Add To Cart
ALX-350-052-M050   50 mg 70.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H29NO3
MW: 307.4
CAS NUMBER: 19408-84-5
RTECS: RA5998000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Capsicum fruit.
PURITY: ≥85%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in chloroform, DMSO or 100% ethanol; sparingly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: IRRITANT. POTENT NEUROTOXIN.

Product Description
Dihydro-analog and congener of capsaicin (Prod. No. ALX-550-066) in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin it is irritant. Dihydrocapsaicin accounts for about 22% of the total capsaicinoids mixture and has about the same pungency as capsaicin. Antioxidant. Reduces oxidation of serum lipids. Mutagenic.
Product Specific Literature References
The mutagenicity of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in V79 cells: T. Lawson & P. Gannett; Cancer Lett. 48, 109 (1989) Abstract
Dihydrocapsaicin treatment depletes peptidergic nerve fibers of substance P and alters mast cell density in the respiratory tract of neonatal sheep: R. Ramirez-Romero, et al.; Regul. Pept. 91, 97 (2000) Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage by capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the presence of Cu(II): S. Singh, et al.; Cancer Lett. 169, 139 (2001) Abstract
Determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in capsicum fruits by liquid chromatography-electrospray/time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A. Garces-Claver, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 9303 (2006) Abstract
Effects of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of human serum lipids: K.D. Ahuja, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 6436 (2006) Abstract
General Literature References
Dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), a saturated structural analog of capsaicin,induces autophagy in human cancer cells in a catalase-regulated manner: S.H. Oh, et al.; Autophagy 4, 1009 (2008) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
TRPV1 Agonists and Antagonists / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Active Substances from Fruit and Vegetables • Natural Products for Neurological Research • Alkaloids • Autophagy Other Products
 
 
ALX-350-076 Revised 16-Jun-08
Sanguinarine chloride
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SYNONYMS Pseudochelerythrine
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - ATPase Inhibitors
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ALX-350-076-M005   5 mg 75.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H14NO4Cl
MW: 367.8
CAS NUMBER: 5578-73-4
MERCK INDEX: 14: 8356
RTECS: VP5220000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from the leaves and stems of Macleaya cordata and M. microcarpa.
PURITY: ≥98% (HPLC)
APPEARANCE: Orange solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL.

Product Description
Na+/K+-and Mg2+-ATPase inhibitor. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis. Modulates the Bcl-2 family. Shows antiplaque activity in humans.
Product Specific Literature References
Sanguinarine, inhibitor of Na-K dependent ATP'ase: K.D. Straub & P. Carver; BBRC 62, 913 (1975) Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids. Inhibitory actions on cation-dependent ATP-phosphohydrolases: L.R. Meyerson, et al.; Neurochem. Res. 3, 239 (1978) Abstract
Sanguinarine, a new antiplaque agent: retention and plaque specificity: G.L. Southard, et al.; J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 108, 338 (1984) Abstract
Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with an early and severe cellular glutathione depletion: E. Debiton, et al.; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 51, 474 (2003) Abstract
Activation of prodeath Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by sanguinarine in immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes: V.M. Adhami, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 3176 (2003) Abstract
The effect of chelerythrine on cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle in human normal and cancer cells in comparison with sanguinarine: J. Malikova, et al.; Cell Biol. Toxicol. 22, 439 (2006) Abstract
Chelerythrine and sanguinarine dock at distinct sites on BclXL that are not the classic BH3 binding cleft: Y.H. Zhang, et al.; J. Mol. Biol. 364, 538 (2006) Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by sanguinarine in C6 rat glioblastoma cells is associated with the modulation of the Bcl-2 family and activation of caspases through downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt: M.H. Han, et al.; Anticancer Drugs 18, 913 (2007) Abstract
Metabolism of sanguinarine: the facts and the myths: Z. Dvorak & V. Simanek; Curr. Drug Metab. 8, 173 (2007), Review Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Na+ / K+-ATPase / Related Products • Bcl-2 Family Modulators • Natural Products - Anti-inflammatory Agents • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-086 Revised 08-Apr-08
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid
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SYNONYMS NDGA
4,4'-(2,3-Dimethyl-1,4-butanediyl)bis[1,2-benzenediol]
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Other Natural Products for Inflammation Research
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ALX-350-086-G001   1 g 62.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C18H22O4
MW: 302.4
CAS NUMBER: 500-38-9
MERCK INDEX: 14: 6693
SOURCE/HOST: Synthetic.
PURITY: ≥95%
APPEARANCE: Crystalline powder.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in 100% ethanol, methanol or acetone; slightly soluble in hot water.
SHIPPING: SHIPPED ON BLUE ICE
LONG TERM STORAGE: -20°C

Product Description
Antioxidant and antineoplastic. Lipoxygenase inhibitor. Stimulates the rapid retrograde movement of both Golgi stacks and the trans-Golgi network to the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). Displays pleiotropic effects on cells, which include apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and chemotaxis. Anticancer agent.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibition of tumoral cell respiration and growth by nordihydroguaiaretic acid: M. Pavani, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 48, 1935 (1994) Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid blocks protein transport in the secretory pathway causing redistribution of Golgi proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum: T. Fujiwara, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 273, 3068 (1998) Abstract; Full Text
Effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on the secretion of lipoprotein lipase: S.M. Kim, et al.; J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 35, 518 (2002) Abstract; Full Text
Mechanisms underlying the activation of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels by nordihydroguaiaretic acid: H. Yamamura, et al.; Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 89, 53 (2002) Abstract
Direct interaction of the Golgi membrane with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane caused by nordihydroguaiaretic acid: T. Fujiwara, et al.; BBRC 301, 927 (2003) Abstract
Stepwise dissection of the intracellular fate of cationic cell-penetrating peptides: R. Fischer, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 279, 12625 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The anti-apoptotic effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid: inhibition of cPLA(2) activation during TNF-induced apoptosis arises from inhibition of calcium signaling: C.A. Culver, et al.; Life Sci. 77, 2457 (2005) Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a potent in vitro scavenger of peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid and prevents in vivo ozone-induced tyrosine nitration in lungs: E. Floriano-Sanchez, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 40, 523 (2006) Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid affects multiple dynein-dynactin functions in interphase and mitotic cells: K. Arasaki, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 454 (2007) Abstract
Protective role of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) against the genotoxic damage induced by ethynodiol diacetate in human lymphocytes in vitro: Y.H. Siddique, et al.; J. Environ. Biol. 28, 279 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Golgi Apparatus • Lipoxygenases / Related Products • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents • Antitumor Agents (Enzyme Inhibitors)
 
 
ALX-350-092 Revised 03-Apr-08
Emetine . dihydrochloride
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SYNONYMS 6’,7’,10,11-Tetramethoxyemetan . 2HCl
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - DNA Replication Inhibitors
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ALX-350-092-M050   50 mg 10.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C29H40N2O4 . 2HCl
MW: 480.7 . 73.0
CAS NUMBER: 316-42-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 3559
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water or 100% ethanol.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light. Hygroscopic.
HAZARD: TOXIC.

Product Description
Irreversibly blocks protein synthesis by inhibiting the movement of ribosome along the mRNA. Induces hypotension by blocking adrenoreceptors. Inhibits DNA replication in the early S phase. Inhibits HIF-1 activation by hypoxia. Induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. Antiamebic.
Product Specific Literature References
Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis. V. Effects of emetine on protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis in HeLa cells: A.P. Grollman; J. Biol. Chem. 243, 4089 (1968) Abstract
Cytometric analysis of DNA replication inhibited by emetine and cyclosporin A:: A: T. Schweighoffer, et al.; Histochemistry 96, 93 (1991) Abstract
Emetine allows identification of origins of mammalian DNA replication by imbalanced DNA synthesis, not through conservative nucleosome segregation: W.C. Burhans, et al.; EMBO J. 10, 4351 (1991) Abstract
Role of newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in antigen-specific antigen presentation by B cells: T. Kokuho, et al.; Immunobiology 193, 42 (1995) Abstract
Terpenoid tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids emetine, klugine, and isocephaeline inhibit the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in breast tumor cells: Y.D. Zhou, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 68, 947 (2005) Abstract
The alkaloid emetine as a promising agent for the induction and enhancement of drug-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells: M. Moller, et al.; Oncol. Rep. 18, 737 (2007) Abstract
Characteristics of apoptosis induction by the alkaloid emetine in human tumour cell lines: M. Moller & M. Wink; Planta Med. 73, 1389 (2007) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Other Toxins • Adrenergics & Adrenergic Receptors / Related Products • Translation Inhibitors • Hypoxia-inducible Factor [HIF] / Related Products • Natural Products - Other Anti-infective Agents • Parasitic Diseases Other Products • Natural Products for Neurological Research • DNA Replication Inhibitors • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Alkaloids
 
 
ALX-350-113 Revised 28-May-08
Gossypol
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SYNONYMS 2,2’-bis[8-Formyl-1,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-
methylnaphthalene]
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antitumor Reagents
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ALX-350-113-M100   100 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C30H30O8
MW: 518.6
CAS NUMBER: 303-45-7
MERCK INDEX: 14: 4528
RTECS: DU3100000
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Gossypium genus, Malvaceae.
PURITY: ≥90%
APPEARANCE: Off-white to yellow solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetone or DMSO; sparingly soluble in 100% ethanol (2mg/ml) or methanol (2mg/ml). Insoluble in water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HANDLING: Protect from light.
HAZARD: MAY BE CARCINOGENIC. HARMFUL.

Product Description
Mixture of ~65% (+)- and ~35% (-)-enantiomers. Male antifertility agent. Shows antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant actions. Small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL. Induces apoptosis. Synergizes with radiation and chemotherapy in vitro. Reversible inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B; calcineurin). Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor.
Product Specific Literature References
Binding of gossypol to purified tubulin and inhibition of its assembly into microtubules: F.J. Medrano and J.M. Andreu; Eur. J. Biochem. 158, 63 (1986) Abstract
Differential inhibition of protein kinase C subtypes: J.M. Pelosin, et al.; BBRC 169, 1040 (1990) Abstract
Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells by pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C: W.D. Jarvis, et al.; Cancer Res. 54, 1707 (1994) Abstract
Gossypol arrests human benign prostatic hyperplastic cell growth at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle: F. Shidaifat, et al.; Anticancer Res. 17, 1003 (1997) Abstract
Inhibition of huntingtin fibrillogenesis by specific antibodies and small molecules: implications for Huntington’s disease therapy: V. Heiser, et al.; PNAS 97, 6739 (2000) Abstract; Full Text
Cytotoxic effect of gossypol on colon carcinoma cells: X. Wang, et al.; Life Sci. 67, 2663 (2000) Abstract
Reversible inhibition of calcineurin by the polyphenolic aldehyde gossypol: R. Baumgrass, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 47914 (2001) Abstract; Full Text
Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani: L.S. Puckhaber, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7017 (2002) Abstract
Telomerase inhibitors in anticancer therapy: gossypol as a potential telomerase inhibitor: M. Mego; Bratisl. Lek. Listy 103, 378 (2002) Abstract
An in vitro study of inhibitory activity of gossypol, a cottonseed extract, in human carcinoma cell lines: M. Le Blanc, et al.; Pharmacol. Res. 46, 551 (2002) Abstract
Gossypol induces chloride secretion in rat proximal colon: G. Kuhn, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 457, 187 (2002) Abstract
Determination of the absolute configuration and solution conformation of gossypol by vibrational circular dichroism: T.B. Freedman, et al.; Chirality 15, 196 (2003) Abstract
In vitro effects of the BH3 mimetic, (-)-gossypol, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells: C.L. Oliver, et al.; Clin. Cancer Res. 10, 7757 (2004) Abstract; Full Text
The inhibitory effects of gossypol on human prostate cancer cells-PC3 are associated with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) signal transduction pathway: J. Jiang, et al.; Anticancer Res. 24, 19 (2004) Abstract
(-)-Gossypol enhances response to radiation therapy and results in tumor regression of human prostate cancer: L. Xu, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 197 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Investigations on gossypol: past and present developments: K. Dodou; Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14, 1419 (2005) Abstract
An in vitro study of cytotoxic effects of gossypol on human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell line (HEp-2): E. Konac, et al.; Exp. Oncol. 27, 81 (2005) Abstract; Full Text
Further Categories Containing This Product:
Bcl-2 Family Modulators • PKC Inhibitors • Natural Products - Protein Kinase Inhibitors • PP2B [Calcineurin] / Related Products • Antitumor Agents (Apoptosis Inducers) • Natural Products - Antioxidants • Polyphenols Other Products • Natural Products - Apoptosis Inducers & Inhibitors • Natural Products - Antiviral / anti-HIV Agents
 
 
ALX-350-114 Revised 03-Dec-07
Polydatin
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SYNONYMS Piceid
Resveratrol-3β-mono-D-glucoside
3-Hydroxy-5-(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl-β-D-glucoside
PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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ALX-350-114-M010   10 mg 90.00 USD Add To Cart
Product Specification
FORMULA: C20H22O8
MW: 390.4
CAS NUMBER: 65914-17-2
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum.
PURITY: ≥98%
APPEARANCE: White to off-white solid.
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in ethyl acetate, DMSO or water.
SHIPPING: AMBIENT
LONG TERM STORAGE: +4°C
HAZARD: HARMFUL. IRRITANT.

Product Description
Platelet aggregation inhibitor. Shows multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardial cells, endothelial cells and white blood cells after shock. May inhibit phospholipase A2. Inhibits the expression of various cell adhesion molecules.
Product Specific Literature References
Wine as a biological fluid: history, production, and role in disease prevention: G.J. Soleas, et al.; J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11, 287 (1997) Abstract
Protective effects of polydatin against CCl(4)-induced injury to primarily cultured rat hepatocytes: Z.S. Huang, et al.; World J. Gastroenterol. 5, 41 (1999) Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis determination, synthesis, and stability of resveratrol and related 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides: V. Brandolini, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7407 (2002) Abstract
The mechanism of Polydatin in shock treatment: K.S. Zhao, et al.; Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 29, 211 (2003) Abstract
Effect of polydatin on phospholipase A2 in lung tissues in rats with endotoxic shock: S.Y. Shu, et al.; Chin. J. Traumatol. 7, 239 (2004) Abstract
Involvement of cell adhesion molecules in polydatin protection of brain tissues from ischemia-reperfusion injury: Y. Cheng, et al.; Brain Res. 1110, 193 (2006) Abstract
Further Categories Containing This Product:
PLA2 Inhibitors • Antithrombotic Agents / Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Related Products • Natural Products - Chemopreventive Agents • COX Inhibitors • CD11a, CD18 [LFA-1] & CD54 [ICAM-1], CD102 [ICAM-2], CD50 [ICAM-3] / Related Products • Stilbenoids
 
 
ALX-350-116 Revised 29-Nov-07
Sauchinone
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PRODUCT LINE Natural Products / Antibiotics
PRODUCT CATEGORY Natural Products - Antioxidants
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